| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Abshirini, Ehsan, et al.
(författare)
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Flood hazard and its impact on the resilience of cities : An accessibility-based approach to amenities in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2017. - : Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 36.1-36.15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the wake of climate change and its impact on increasing the number and intensity of floods, adaptability of cities to and resistance against the flood hazard is critical to retain functionality of the cities. Vulnerability of urban infrastructure and its resilience to flooding from different points of view have been important and worth investigating for experts in different fields of science. Flood hazards as physical phenomena are influenced by form of the cities and thus the magnitude of their impacts can be intensified by urban infrastructures such as street networks and buildings (Bacchin et. al, 2011). In this paper, we aim to develop a method to assess the resilience of a river city (the city of Gothenburg in Sweden), which is prone to flood events, against such disturbances and find out how the city reacts to river floods and to what extent the city retains its accessibility to essential amenities after a flood occurs. To do so, collecting required data; we, firstly, simulate flood inundation with two different return periods (50 and 1000 years) and then the impact areas overlay on the street networks. Evaluating the resilience of the city, syntactic properties of the street networks before and after flooding are measured at different scales. Additionally, accessibility and the minimum distance of the street networks to essential amenities such as healthcare centers, schools and commercial centers, at a medium distance (3 Km) is examined. The results show that flooding influences the city configuration at global scale more than the local scale based on comparison of syntactic properties before and after flooding. However, the results of accessibility and the minimum distance show that the impact of flooding on the functionality of the city is more limited to the riparian areas and the city is not affected globally.
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| 3. |
- Abshirini, Ehsan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Flood Resilient Cities : A Syntactic and Metric Novel on Measuring the Resilience of Cities against Flooding, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geographic Information System. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2151-1950 .- 2151-1969. ; 9, s. 505-534
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters which have rapidly been growing in frequency and intensity all over the world. In this view, assessment of the resilience of the city against such disturbances is of high necessity in order to significantly mitigate the disaster effects of flooding on the city structures and the human lives. The aim of this paper is to develop a method to assess the resilience of a river city (the city of Gothenburg in Sweden), which is prone to flood Hazard, against such disturbances. By simulating flood inundation with different return periods, in the first step, the areas of impact are determined. To assess the resilience, two different methods are followed. One is a syntactic method grounded in the foreground network in space syntax theory and the other is based on measuring accessibility to the essential amenities in the city. In the first method, similarity and sameness parameters are defined to quantitatively measure the syntactic resilience in the city. In the next step, accessibility to amenities and the minimum distance to amenities before and after each disturbance is measured. The results, in general, show that such disturbances affect the city structure and the resilience of the city differently. For instance, the city is more resilient after flooding ac- cording to accessibility measures. This clearly means that the answer to the question of resilience is mainly dependent on “resilience of what and for what.”
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Barthel, Stephan, 1968-
(författare)
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Nytt miljonprogram unik chans att lösa flera frågor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm. - 1101-2447. ; :25-apr
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dolt värde av enorma mått. Ett nytt miljonprogram kan förskräcka, men kan vara just vad Sverige behöver. Men vi ska inte upprepa misstagen från förra gången. Istället måste politierna nu ta fasta på denna unika chans at ta itu med vår tids stora utmaningar som integration, tillväxt och hållbarhet.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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PST
- 2019
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Annan publikation (mjukvara/multimedium) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PST is a tool for performing space syntax and regular accessibility analyses. It currently consists of two main parts - a C++ and Python library called Pstalgo and a plugin for the desktop application QGIS.PST is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users.For latest download visit either the Chalmers publication page, or find "Releases" on the Github page.
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| 9. |
- Berghauser Pont, Meta, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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The spatial distribution and frequency of street, plot and building types across five European cities
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environment and Planning B-Urban Analytics and City Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 2399-8083 .- 2399-8091. ; 46:7, s. 1226-1242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typologies have always played an important role in urban planning and design practice and formal studies have been central to the field of urban morphology. These studies have predominantly been of a historical-qualitative nature and do not support quantitative comparisons between urban areas and between different cities, nor offer the precise and comprehensive descriptions needed by those engaged in urban planning and design practice. To describe contemporary urban forms, which are more diffuse and often elude previous historic typologies, systematic quantitative methods can be useful but, until recently, these have played a limited role in typo-morphological studies. This paper contributes to recent developments in this field by integrating multi-variable geometric descriptions with inter-scalar relational descriptions of urban form. It presents typologies for three key elements of urban form (streets, plots and buildings) in five European cities, produced using statistical clustering methods. In a first instance, the resulting typologies contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of streets, plots and buildings. In particular, the results offer insight into patterns between the types (i.e. which types are found in combination and which not) and provide a new large scale comparative analysis across five European cities. To conclude, a link between quantitative analysis and theory is established, by testing two well-known theoretical propositions in urban morphology: the concept of the burgage cycle and the theory of natural movement.
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| 10. |
- Colding, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Frontiers in Social-Ecological Urbanism
- 2022
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Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new approach in urban ecological design, referred to as social- ecological urbanism (SEU). It draws from research in resilience thinking and space syntax in the analysis of relationships between urban processes and urban form at the microlevel of cities, where social and ecological services are directly experienced by urban dwellers. The paper elaborates on three types of media for urban designers to intervene in urban systems, including urban form, institutions, and discourse, that together function as a significant enabler of urban change. The paper ends by presenting four future research frontiers with a potential to advance the field of social-ecological urbanism: (1) urban density and critical biodiversity thresholds, (2) human and non-human movement in urban space, (3) the retrofitting of urban design, and (4) reversing the trend of urban ecological illiteracy through affordance designs that connect people with nature and with each other.
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| 11. |
- Colding, Johan, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Frontiers in Social-Ecological Urbanism
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Land. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-445X. ; 11:6, s. 929-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new approach in urban ecological design, referred to as social- ecological urbanism (SEU). It draws from research in resilience thinking and space syntax in the analysis of relationships between urban processes and urban form at the microlevel of cities, where social and ecological services are directly experienced by urban dwellers. The paper elaborates on three types of media for urban designers to intervene in urban systems, including urban form, institutions, and discourse, that together function as a significant enabler of urban change. The paper ends by presenting four future research frontiers with a potential to advance the field of social-ecological urbanism: (1) urban density and critical biodiversity thresholds, (2) human and non-human movement in urban space, (3) the retrofitting of urban design, and (4) reversing the trend of urban ecological illiteracy through affordance designs that connect people with nature and with each other.
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| 12. |
- Fagerholm, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of pandemic outdoor recreation and green infrastructure in Nordic cities to enhance urban resilience
- 2022
-
Ingår i: npj Urban Sustainability. - : Springer Nature. - 2661-8001. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent empirical research has confirmed the importance of green infrastructure and outdoor recreation to urban people’s well- being during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, only a few studies provide cross-city analyses. We analyse outdoor recreation behaviour across four Nordic cities ranging from metropolitan areas to a middle-sized city. We collected map based survey data from residents (n = 469–4992) in spring 2020 and spatially analyse green infrastructure near mapped outdoor recreation sites and respondents’ places of residence. Our statistical examination reveals how the interplay among access to green infrastructure across cities and at respondents’ residential location, together with respondents’ socio-demographic profiles and lockdown policies or pandemic restrictions, affects outdoor recreation behaviour. The results highlight that for pandemic resilience, the history of Nordic spatial planning is important. To support well-being in exceptional situations as well as in the long term, green infrastructure planning should prioritise nature wedges in and close to cities and support small-scale green infrastructure
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| 13. |
- Feng, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility patterns based on steps, direction changes, and angular deviation : Are they consistent?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings: 13th International Space Syntax Symposium. - : Western Norway University of Applied sciences. ; , s. 534:1-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modeling spaces and their relationships is at the core of syntactic analysis, including reach analysis. In a syntactic model, two spaces can be described as close together or far apart based on the directional distance between them. In this study, we compare three different ways of measuring directional distance—namely, by number of steps, by number of direction changes, and by angular deviation—in the context of accessibility and reach analysis. By graphically showing how choosing a different way of measuring directional distance can result in a different reach or accessibility pattern, we provide an intuitive understanding of the different natures of the syntactic measures. By demonstrating how the modeling conventions and the geometric composition of lines at a local scale can have a huge impact on the results of syntactic analysis at a larger scale, we call for more attention to the conventions and principles used for modeling street networks.
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| 14. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Equal living environments : Universal design and (un)equal access from a syntactic perspective, Uppsala, Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 13th International Space Syntax Symposium. - Bergen : Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. ; , s. 466:1-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syntactic analysis focuses analyzing space from a general perspective, where connections of ‘visibility and access’ are analyzed through different geometrical abstractions. In universal design research, the point of origin is that what is ‘visible’ or ‘accessible’ is different for different people depending on for example age or disability. This paper addresses challenges in the way models are made, used and theorized in space syntax research as capturing or describing relations between people and environment, specifically from the perspective that if people are different, so are their respective ‘connections of access and visibility’, and potentially their subsequent patterns of centrality and accessibility. Such difference, as recognized in universal design research, may appear on both the local (molecular) and the global (molar) scale; i.e., the effects of accessibility difference can be on a local scale of whether a relative detour is needed or not, but also on global structures of centrality in a city or municipality as a whole. However, there is need for structured understanding of the ‘molar’ level, and the interrelation between scales. Following Gibson’s theory that affordances exist neither in the environment nor in species, but in the specific relation between them, this paper engages with how such differences can be empirically, methodologically and theoretically understood based on empirical research in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. This work utilizes municipal data and input from disability rights organizations to explore the problem, and presents important considerations for both research and practice as comes to inclusiveness in spatial analysis and accessibility.
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| 15. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Maktperspektiv i byggd miljö : Reflektioner från Gottsunda
- 2019. - 77
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Ingår i: Stadsutveckling & design för motstridiga önskemål. - Stockholm : Arkus. - 9789198042283 ; , s. 241-268
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avsikten med det här kapitlet är att reflektera kring två teman – makt och rumsstruktur – på ett sätt som underlättar för planeringspraktiken att ta sig an relationer mellan dessa teman. Området är brett och komplext och också komplicerat; eftersom makt till övervägande del är en social praktik låter den sig inte på ett enkelt sätt avläsas i rumsstrukturer.1 Detta, att makt är en social praktik, betyder dock inte att rummet inte ’utövar’ makt i sig själv i fysisk mening. Rum utövar ett slags makt genom att sätta begränsningar och erbjuda möjligheter, dela upp och binda samman, stödja, fostra, försvåra och underlätta olika sociala, kulturella, och ekonomiska praktiker. Rummet lyfter fram, visar eller gömmer, och så vidare – arkitektur är så att säga en social praktik.
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| 16. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Culture : to witness, engage with, show, or do in cities
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - 11th International Space Syntax Symposium, SSS 2017. - : Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 130.1-130.15
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses how ‘culture’ is or can be present in a city, where culture is understood in a wide sense as cultural activities and output of creative activity as well as partaking in or making use of the same. The main line of argument is that this requires consideration of how to work with configurational analysis, which has implications for a wider set of issues but made apparent in the specific focus.While this is anchored in empirical analysis, the main point is a theoretical-methodological discussion. In short, the paper proposes a model where culture needs to be understood from four perspectives—to witness, to engage with, to show, and to do—since these are differently related to the built environment in the conditions for how they appear, what effects they might have, and in what ways they are affected by and affect urban environments.Specifically, the empirical analyses point to how inequalities between areas can be understood. The conditions for making sculptures and how this affects and is affected by its surrounding, simply put, is different from the effects and conditions for the placing of public sculptures, as are their effects on public and private life.By use of specific and particular examples of activities or outputs, the article will also highlight qualitative aspects that need to be considered in relation to more precisely what kind of ‘culture’ that is intended to be supported, and how this relates to questions of democratic development and social equality.
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| 17. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminär rapport: Vår Stad - hur förändrar en kris våra vanor?
- 2020
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Under Coronapandemin införs omfattande restriktioner och många åtgärder sätts in i syfte att förhindra smittspridning av Covid-19. Myndigheter, företag och organisationer introducerar en lång rad förändringar såsom distansarbete, distansundervisning, uppmaning om att endast göra nödvändiga resor med kollektivtrafiken men också att praktisera social distansering och självisolering. Det har resulterat i en extraordinär situation i samhället där många företag över en natt förlorat intäkter och där andra verksamheter upplever en ökad belastning, till exempel inom vården. Att begränsa rörelsemöjligheterna för så många har lett till att människor i högre utsträckning blir beroende av det som finns lokalt, blir hänvisade till det utbud och de möjligheter som erbjuds i grannskapet och i stadsdelen. Krisen har på många sätt accentuerat ojämlikheter och där människor med mindre resurser riskerar att bli utsatta och fara illa i högre utsträckning än andra. För att fånga de förändringar som vi genomlever i samhället till följd av pandemin så har en webbaserad kartenkät tagits fram där människor tillfrågas om hur deras vanor ändrats i fråga om hur staden används. Vi vill öka förståelsen för vilka platser som människor fortfarande besöker, vilka man undviker och om det eventuellt finns platser som används i högre utsträckning än tidigare. Vidare önskar vi lära oss mer om varför dessa platser besöks. Under krisen har diverse undersökningar visats som utifrån t.ex. smarta telefoner, appar eller liknande kartlägger aktiviteter och användning av platser. Syftet med web-enkäten Vår Stad är att få självrapporterade svar där det också finns mer information om vad som händer på dessa platser och varför man använder eller undviker en specifik plats. De preliminära svaren omfattar svar från en månad (25/3-27/4 2020) där Stockholm, Uppsala och Göteborg framför allt ingår.
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| 18. |
- Koch, Daniel, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Suburbs and Power : Configuration, Direct and Symbolic Presence, Absence, and Power in The Swedish Suburb Gottsunda
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th Space Syntax Symposium. - Beijing : Beijing Jiaotong University. ; , s. 264-2:1-264-2:21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One aspect of how cities are arranged and configured, from structures of communication networks to land division, programme distribution, and location of functions, monuments, and other urban objects is directly related to questions of power and representation. While sometimes more explicitly discussed regarding buildings or historical cities, as by Thomas A Markus and Kim Dovey, it is a present inquiry in a lot of syntax research. This article will engage explicitly with this inquiry through the filter of the city as a pedagogical device encoding and communicating priorities, values, and roles in society through built form and its subsequent effects on individual and collective use. From this perspective, centrality, and who is given space centrally, becomes a question of power and values as centrality for something (or someone) comes at the expense of something (or someone) else. Who this someone is might not always be obvious in terms of concerning a person but could be a type of amenity, a process, a kind of actor, or more symbolic means. It is a means by which one can remind others of one’s right to take up space, and the importance for the generic public to be aware of and relate to oneself. But power also operates through other means in displacing and relegating to the side or periphery, by claiming exclusivity through seclusion, or by imposing presence through other means such as being located in central viewsheds while physically not located centrally. This article draws on earlier studies to construct an understanding of how power can be read as manifest in the material, spatial structure of Gottsunda outside of Uppsala in Sweden, a suburb considered a particularly challenging area from a segregation perspective but where local variations of how the area is experienced are significant, suggesting that questions of ‘who’ or ‘what’ is Gottsunda are of interest to examine, and where specific aspects of the spatial systems allow local acts of control and dominance which then contribute to the image of the area as a whole. Such power structures and identity formations are analyzed in part by constructing how symbolic/visual and material/practical presence and absence of various actors and functions are configured to build an understanding of importance/unimportance and other types of power structures ‘ground-up’. The article thus—in addition to the particular study of Gottsunda and Uppsala—both advances and refines how power can be analyzed and understood through spatial configuration.
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| 19. |
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Kris och transformation : Nationellt möte Tillämpad Stadsbyggnad 2020
- 2021
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det nationella mötet i Tillämpad stadsbyggnad är en arena för forskare och praktiker att mötas. Vi vill bidra till att utveckla dialogen om stadsbyggandet i relation till olika samhällsutmaningar. Det nationella mötet syftar till att sprida kunskap om de initiativ som sker på olika håll och vidareutveckla diskussionen om hur arkitektur och stadsbyggnad kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling.Det andra nationella mötet i ordningen har temat 'Kris och transformation' och fokuserar på vad pandemin kan lära oss om hur städer och samhällen fungerar under en kris. Ojämlika livsvillkor har blottlagts och accentuerats. Bristande tillgång till service och rekreationsområden samt trångboddhet har visat sig vara särskilt ofördelaktigt. Samtidigt har människor organiserat sig och stöttat sina medmänniskor på helt nya sätt. Kan krisen bli en ögonöppnare för hållbarhetsläget i våra städer och samhällen? Kan krisen få oss att planera på ett annat sätt från och med nu? Vilken transformation vill vi se framöver?
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| 20. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
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Accessibility and Urban Life : Aspects on Social Segregation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Seventh International Space Syntax Symposium, proceedings. - 9789174153477
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the metropolitan areas of Sweden and in similar European cities, social and ethnic segregation, unequal living conditions, and unequal availability to services and labour market are commonplace and considered major social problems. Several national and local initiatives aim to decrease social and ethnic segregation, but so far only with marginal success. It is established that neighbourhoods provide unequal living conditions for their residents and from an urban design perspective a relevant question is how urban form influences these conditions. It has come to light that different urban design ideas are related to certain preconditions for sociability which highlights the need for a better understanding of the relation between spatial and social phenomena. This paper explores if a reasoning where segregation is discussed in terms of accessibility, or rather, a lack of accessibility, could be a way forward for urban design practice and policies. If configuration of public space influences what an area can afford its users in terms of accessibility this could increase the understanding for the role of urban form in this matter. The configurational approach applied in this paper is also investigating what a focus on other perspectives besides housing segregation could imply. For example, the potential for urban life is explored which is related to interplay segregation which is argued to be equally important for social segregation as housing segregation. The space syntax approach, including place syntax tool, has the ability to illustrate the consequences of segregation in public space and provides logical descriptions from a user's perspective. The results illustrate essential differences between neighbourhoods, indicating that areas afford different spatial advantages. Some inequalities regarding living conditions are made visible and it is possible to verify that urban form has a very direct influence on these conditions. It is argued that such knowledge has the ability to support and contribute to a more effective urban design practice regarding issues related to social segregation.
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| 21. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Ändrade vanor i staden till följd av pandemin
- 2021
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Ingår i: Kris och transformation. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 38-44
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I samband med att många länder rapporterade om kris läge och omfattande samhällsspridning av covid19, med stora utmaningar för vården, ekonomin och samhällsbärande funktioner som följd, införde Sverige i mars 2020 en rad restriktioner i syfte att begränsa spridningen av viruset. De flesta av dessa syftade till att stödja eller skapa vad som kom att kallas ”fysisk distansering”. Att praktisera fysisk distansering innebär en stor omställning i människors beteende och vanor. Hur väl klarar svenska städer att svara upp mot en kris av det här slaget? Hur ser det ut i olika stadsdelar när man behöver undvika trängsel och minimera förflyttningar?
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| 22. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing urban centres Reading configuration as point, line, field
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th Space Syntax Symposium. - : Instituto Superior Técnico. - 9789729899447 ; , s. 78.1-78.16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As cities are growing the need for complementary sub centres increases, both in order to distribute amenities and to make resources more accessible for citizens, as well as to relieve the pressure on the city core. Such planning strategy, a kind of decentralized concentration, has been seen as a mean for holding back urban sprawl in Stockholm. Lately, urban centres are also argued to contribute to the development of more equal living conditions making opportunities, service, and urban life accessible also in more peripheral urban locations. The values of ‘suburban urbanities’ has also been highlighted in a way that reach far beyond the commercial activities (Vaughan 2015).The Regional planning authority in Stockholm as well as the City of Stockholm identifies a number of regional subcentres and ‘urban boulevards’ that should connect the city since and make it less fragmented. The social incentive for this strategy is prominent in both plans. However, these subcentres are dependent on urban centrality which needs to be taken into consideration.The strength, or the success, of a subcentre is partly influenced by urban design interventions and is argued to be related to 1) the configurative properties (distribution of space) and 2) land use parameters and density (distribution in and through space) (Koch 2016; Hillier 1999; Vaughan 2010). In order to increase the understanding for what urban design interventions that may be efficient, this paper will draw from the concepts developed by Stan Allen (1999) of point, line and field and John McMorrough (2001). The combination of the configurative perspective and the point-line-field perspective is argued to contribute with knowledge of how urban form generates and supports the emergence of urban centrality and the development of subcentres with implications not only for consumption and mobility, but also for social outcomes such as urban life and equal living conditions. The empirical application aims to illustrate how configurative analysis complement the point-line-field theory in describing the character of the centres and the findings are argued to contribute to the identification of more precise and efficient urban design interventions of how to develop the centres.
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| 23. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
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Configuration and co-presence : The underpinnings of job opportunities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. - Seoul : Sejong University. - 9788986177213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several suburbs in the Stockholm region witnessed serious outbreaks of violence during May 2013. The pattern is recognizable: frustration over a situation of social exclusion has resulted in recurrent disorder in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. There is no doubt that the matter of social segregation is highly complex; there is neither an easy explanation nor a simple solution. The uneven distribution of unemployment and the uneven income distribution in Stockholm that often coincide with ethnic residential segregation stand out as increasingly compromising manifestations of urban segregation and of increasing social polarization—a situation that has proved difficult to change in spite of several initiatives.This paper focuses on how the built environment may play a role in matters related to segregation; more specifically, it studies this from the angle of chances in the labour market. The starting point for this investigation is twofold: first, geographical access to jobs has been identified as an extremely important factor affecting people’s chances of success in the labour market (Åslund et al. 2010; Gobillon et al. 2005; Zenou et al. 2006), a mechanism related to the spatial-mismatch hypothesis (Kain 1968). Second, co-presence in public space affects the life chances that a neighbourhood affords. For example, the public culture that may develop, including certain views and norms, is arguably affected by those who share public space (Zukin 1995; Grannis 1998; Strömblad 2001; Franzén 2009), and it is argued that information and knowledge that non-locals may bring to an area is different from ‘provincial news and views’, believed important in obtaining a job (Granovetter 1983).Through an application of advanced spatial analysis using space syntax and the Place Syntax Tool in combination with information from questionnaires and observations, this study identifies inequalities, comparing neighbourhoods across the city of Stockholm. The results show that spatial configuration has a direct influence on access to workplaces as well as on other aspects that affect residents’ opportunities in the labour market. It also comes to light that the local outcome is highly dependent on the context of a place or of a neighbourhood, indicating that an area’s surroundings need to be acknowledged to a greater degree and taken into consideration in antisegregation initiatives. I argue that the precise spatial analysis applied in this paper captures important implications regarding urban configuration for matters related to opportunities in the labour market.
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| 29. |
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| 33. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
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Developing station communities : Alternative approaches and perspectives on access
- 2021
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Ingår i: Approaches and methods in architectural research. - Göteborg : Nordic Academic Press of Architecture Research. ; , s. 107-134
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The region of Västra Götaland has investigated the possibility of opening a number of new train stations in the region, with the aim of strengtheninglocal labour markets and promoting sustainable commuting possibilities anddevelopment outside of metropolitan areas. This article explores the possibleimpacts of this directive on the development of sustainable and vibrantcommunities, with a focus on urban form and its configurative properties.Today, there is almost unanimous agreement within planning practiceregarding the use of ‘concentric centrality’ as a model for urban developmentnear stations, whereby high densities are encouraged within one kilometre ofstations. In this article, the relevance of the Station Proximity Principle (andits use in the Transit-Oriented Development, or TOD, model) is questionedwith respect to small communities. Taking Svenshögen as an example, thearticle advocates taking landscape conditions, barrier effects, and visibilityand access in relation to key functions into account as well. A shift fromnode thinking to network thinking is needed. The alternative approach putforward here draws on space syntax theories and point-line-field conditions,opening up design strategies that are relevant for small communities and thattake aspects crucial for their development and viability into considerationand avoid a narrow focus solely on transportation aspects.
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| 34. |
- Legeby, Ann, et al.
(författare)
-
Does the urban structure of Swedish cities inhibit the sharing of public space?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Built Environment. - Marcham : Alexandrine Press. - 0263-7960. ; 37:2, s. 155-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that a strong focus on residential segregation limits the understanding of the role of the built environment. The city is used as more than just a place of residence; urban life is far from restricted to where we live. The potential for interplay that develops as people share public space is argued to be just as important for integration processes as the residential mix. In addition, this article examines shortcomings related to the definition of residential segregation because of limitations within the scientific analysis of urban space: the evident difficulties in delimiting relevant geographical units and delimiting relevant social groups. The study is based on empirical analysis of Södertälje, Sweden. Södertälje topped international news when its mayor informed the US Congress that the city had managed to receive more refugees from the war in Iraq than the US and Canada combined. However, to what extent are these new immigrants given access to Swedish society through everyday practices? The results highlight how segregation in public space – including impaired accessibility to a range of resources such as places of work and contact with other people – is a very strong feature of excluded areas and is strongly disadvantageous for newcomers. These results challenge some of the beliefs in the current public debate as well as some of the principles used by Swedish authorities to ameliorate segregation.
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| 35. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Everyday urban life at neighbourhood centres : Urban design and co-presence
- 2018. - 1
-
Ingår i: The Production of Knowledge. - Göteborg : Nordic Academic Press of Architectural Research. - 9789198379723
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban segregation and increasing polarization in the metropolitan areas in Sweden is considered a major societal problem. Several municipal and na-tional initiatives have been launched to ameliorate residential segregation and to improve the living conditions in socio-economically disfavoured neighbourhoods, but so far they have been only marginally effective. In fact, urban polarization and segregation have been increasing rather then held back. However, urban segregation can also be studied through everyday ur-ban life in public space, where people are brought to interact in different ways with others. Public spaces – streets, squares, and parks – are used in everyday practices and become important social arenas; and public spaces are subject to different uses and meanings. It has been demonstrated that access to resources varies greatly within the city, influenced to a high extent by urban morphology, and this results in unequal living conditions. As such inequalities are affecting social groups with fewer resources, it becomes especially problematic, thus reproducing and establishing segregation patterns. This research explores and investigates the role of urban design and urban form in relation to urban segregation. It looks beyond residential segregation and seeks to develop descriptions and understandings that acknowledge urban form and configurative properties, with the aim of being relevant from an architectural and urban-design per-spective. The objective has been to increase the understanding of how urban form relates to the segregation phenomenon; how urban layouts, through their spatial arrangement and organization, create affordances and limita-tions; and how urban design can be used to counteract segregation and pro-vide cities with more equal living conditions.
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| 36. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
From housing segregation to integration in public space
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th International Space Syntax Symposium. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. ; , s. 065:1-065:12
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, urban design and spatial planning is rarely addressed in anti-segregation initiatives. Architectural issues have more or less been confined to matters regarding housing policy. Although segregation is an inherently spatial concept, its spatial dimension is analysed using quite simple spatial models and weak theories on the relation between spatial and social phenomena, methods that provide few analytical insights from an urban design perspective. The Swedish cityscape is to a large extent characterized by post war development, strongly influenced by neighbourhood planning ideas. What is conspicuous in many of these areas is the extreme segregation of public space and that many neighbourhoods are relatively spatially isolated from the city as a whole. Since prevailing approaches are giving weak guidance for urban design there will be an attempt in this paper to in part re-conceptualise the issue and possible generate new ideas on how to approach social segregation in a more spatially relevant way. This paper investigates how configurational theories and methods can contribute to more nuanced descriptions of spatial relations within different neighbourhoods and in the city as a whole. The result shows that the space syntax approach has the ability to shed light on essential configurational differences between neighbourhoods, even differences between neighborhoods that generally are ascribed similar characteristics, for example areas included in national antisegregation initiatives. If social segregation is related to segregation in public space it is essential that an approach is used that has the ability to capture such configurational properties. In this study it is found that more nuanced descriptions give valuable insight regarding the spatial conditions which opens for new possibilities for how policies in urban design can address the segregation problem and that this could be articulated with more efficient anti-segregation interventions, both on a neighbourhood level and on a city level.
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| 37. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
From Housing Segregation to Integration in Public Space : A Space Syntax Approach Applied on the City of Södertälje
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Space Syntax. - 2044-7507. ; 1:1, s. 92-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, urban design and town planning is rarely addressed in anti-segregation initiatives. Architectural issues have more or less been confined to matters regarding housing policy. Although segregation is an inherently spatial concept, its spatial dimension is analysed using quite simple spatial models and weak theories on the relation between spatial and social phenomena, methods that provide few analytical insights from an urban design perspective. The Swedish cityscape is to a large extent characterized by post war development, strongly influenced by neighbourhood planning ideas.What is conspicuous in many of these areas is the extreme segregation of public space and that many neighbourhoods are relatively spatially isolated from the city as a whole. Since prevailing approaches are giving weak guidance for urban design there will be an attempt in this paper to in part reconceptualise the issue and possible generate new ideas on how to approach segregation within urban design.This paper investigates how configurational theories and methods can contribute to more nuanced descriptions of spatial relations within different neighbourhoods and in the city as a whole. If social segregation is related to segregation in public space it is essential to capture the configurational properties in a highly tangible way. The result shows that the space syntax approach has the ability to shed light on essential configurational differences between neighbourhoods and that these spatial descriptions give valuble insight regarding how urban form influences the spatial advantages that different areas afford. This opens for new possibilities for how policies in urban design can address the segregation problem that could be articulated with more efficient anti-segregation interventions, both on a neighbourhood level and on a city level.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Hur kan arkitekturen bidra till att minska segregationen i Stockholm?
- 2022. - 1
-
Ingår i: Stockholm 2040. - Stockholm : Volante.
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 11 berättelser om liv, arbete, kultur och ekonomi i framtidens stad. För att bidra till att fördjupa diskussionen om stadens framtid i allmänhet och om vår huvudstadsregion i synnerhet, bad Fastighetsägarna Stockholm ett antal experter att blicka in i framtiden och teckna varsin bild av Stockholm år 2040. Deras bidrag har samlats i denna antologi.
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| 40. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Hus som delar staden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Arkitektur. - Stockholm : Arkitektur Förlag. - 0004-2021. ; :3, s. 72-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Byggnader som rymmer vårdcentraler, skolor, bibliotek och affärer kommunicerar samhällelig närvaro och är viktiga symboler dygnet runt. Tillgängligheten till service och verksamheter är viktig, men det handlar inte hara om den primara nyttan som en viss instans bidrar med. Lika avgörande ar följdeffekterna som uppstår och de symboliska betydelserna, vilka ofta förbises eller ignoreras.
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| 41. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Hållbara Stationssamhällen : Samskapande Samhällsplanering Stenungsunds kommun
- 2021
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forskningsprojektet Samskapande Samhällsplanering för Energieffektiva och Hållbara Stations-samhällen (SamSam) syftar till att utveckla kunskap om små och medelstora stationssamhällen. Såväl det lokala som det regionala perspektivet ska beaktas. Forskningsprojektet har sin utgångspunkt inom energieffektivitet och hållbarhet och till detta adderas ytterligare aspekter i de olika delstudierna. Projektet omfattar bland annat en huvudrapport (Svensson et al. 2021), tre delstudier på lokal nivå, Härryda (Svensson & Ranhagen 2021), Borås-Fristad (Ekelund et al. 2021) och Stenungsund (denna rap-port) samt en delstudie med regionalt perspektiv (Björling & Capitao Patrao 2021).Projektet som helhet handlar om hur små och medelstora stationssamhällen kan planeras och vidareutvecklas på ett hållbart sätt för att ge god tillgänglighet till energieffektiva transporter och koppla mindre samhällen till andra orter och till regionen som helhet. I delstudien om stationssamhällen i Stenungsund adderas ytterligare ett syfte som handlar om hur andra hållbarhetsaspekter samtidigt kan beaktas – jämte de transportrelaterade – för att främja en diversifierad utveckling och att stärka lokalsamhället i sig där sociala aspekter lyfts fram. Forskarnas insatser syftar till att öppna upp för utvecklingsstrategier som jämte hållbar mobilitet också hanterar andra hållbarhetsaspekter. Det handlar exempelvis om att ifrågasätta gängse, ofta normativa urbana modeller, som utvecklats inom transportfältet, och utforska hur andra perspektiv på centralitet och tillgänglighet utvecklade inom arkitektur- och stadsbyggnadsforskningen kan påverka möjliga utvecklingsinriktningar. Att utforska hur samhällena skulle kunna planeras och byggas för att i högre grad främja sociokulturella värden och underlätta tillgänglighet även till andra samhälleliga resurser jämte de transportrelaterade. Projektet möjliggör att pröva ett hållbarhetsperspektiv som utforskar förutsättningar för och tillgänglighet till olika funktioner som är viktiga för att hålla samhället levande, exempelvis skola/förskola, kultur, service, fritidsaktiviteter, rekreation och handel.
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| 42. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Il cambiamento delle abitudini urbane in Svezia durante la pandemia di Coronavirus/The changing of urban habits during the Corona pandemic in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: FAMagazine. - 2039-0491. ; 52-53, s. 198-203
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the Corona pandemic, extensive interventions have been introduced to limit the spread of Covid-19. Authorities, companies, and organi- sations introduce comprehensive restrictions. To capture new routines, we launched a web questionnaire (PPGIS) including maps in three cities in Sweden; Stockholm, Uppsala and Gothenburg. From the first month results, we see dramatic changes of habits. Places still used are primarily where people find service, while places people avoid are where they normally work or study. Places used more, are where people find seclusion; primarily green spaces and easy to access. This pandemic reinforces existing urban inequalities. Access to urban resources and green spaces becomes even more important in areas characterized by poverty and overcrowding.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Kan utvecklingen av det urbana öka mångfalden av livsmiljöer?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Rurban Planning Talks. - Mariestad : DaCapo Mariestad. ; , s. 24-27
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rurban Planning Talkds är en dialog mellan akademi och planeringspraktik för att klargöra de problem som pågående urbana och regionala omvandlingar medför. Vi vill utveckla och diskutera de samhällsutmaningar, konflikter och möjligheter som uppstår i skärningspunkten mellan landsbygd och stad. Fokus är alla de kommuner som rymmer både landsbygder och städer, och deras gemensamma arbete för hållbar utveckling.
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| 45. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Kontinuerlig stad : av betydelse utifrån ett socialt perspektiv
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PLAN. - Stockholm : Föreningen För Samhällsplanering, FFS. - 0032-0560. ; :1, s. 30-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi står idag inför många utmaningar och det behövs ökade insikter och hög klokskap så att det vi bygger idag ger förutsättningar för ett samhälle med mer jämlika livsvillkor och mindre segregation. En förutsättning för att vi ska kunna dela staden och dess resurser i högre utsträckning är att staden görs tillgänglig.
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| 46. |
|
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| 47. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Limited permeability in the enclaved city
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Social segregation in Sweden’s metropolitan areas is considered a major societal problem. Several national initiatives have been launched to ameliorate residential segregation but so far they have been only marginally effective. This paper argues that the Swedish debate on urban segregation lacks a nuanced discussion about the impact of the built environment. To what extent are people favoured or disfavoured by urban form? To what extent are people in segregated areas prevented access to Swedish society through their everyday life experiences? To capture the role of the built environment this paper suggests a shift in focus from a discussion framed in terms of residential segregation to considering the segregating effect urban layouts can have on peoples’ chances to share urban space and share everyday practices. The empirical study has an experience-oriented spatial approach. Configurational analysis (using space syntax and place syntax) in combination with population analysis (censusbased) and analysis of the potential for a mix of people (residents and non-residents) in public space allow social segregation to be studied in relation to spatial segregation. Results indicate that segregation of urban space, including restricted access to a range of resources – such as job opportunities and contact with other people – is a tangible feature of segregated neighbourhoods. These are insights that can inform the development of improved urban design policies and interventions.
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| 48. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
New urban habits in Stockholm following COVID-19
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 60:8, s. 1448-1464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing, mobility restrictions and self-isolation measures were implemented around the world as the primary intervention to prevent the virus from spreading. Urban life has undergone sweeping changes, with people using spaces in new ways. Stockholm is a particularly relevant case of this phenomenon since most facilities, such as day care centres and schools, have remained open, in contrast to cities with a broader lockdown. In this study, we use Twitter data and an online map survey to study how COVID-19 restrictions have impacted the use of different locations, services and amenities in Stockholm. First, we compare the spatial distribution of 87,000 geolocated tweets pre-COVID-19 and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we analyse 895 survey responses asking people to identify places they ‘still visit’, ‘use more’, ‘avoid’ and self-report reasons for using locations. The survey provides a nuanced understanding of whether and how restrictions have affected people. Service and seclusion were found to be important; therefore, the accessibility of such amenities was analysed, demonstrating how changes in urban habits are related to conditions of the local environment. We find how different parts of the city show different capacities to accommodate new habits and mitigate the effects of restrictions on people’s use of urban spaces. In addition to the immediate relevance to COVID-19, this paper thus contributes to understanding how restrictions on movement and gathering, in any situation, expose more profound urban challenges related to segregation and social inequality.
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| 49. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-
(författare)
-
Patterns of co-presence : Spatial configuration and social segregation
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis notes that there is a lack of systematic research investigating segregation patterns based on how public space is used and frequented by citizens. In order for understanding of urban segregation to reach beyond residential segregation, the extent to which public space facilitates co-presence between social groups is a key issue. The main concern in this thesis is to arrive at a deeper understanding of the critical role urban form plays in terms of co-presence in public space and in extension for social segregation. The argument builds on knowledge from other fields, arguing that co-presence is of utmost importance for societal processes: by sharing space and being co-present with others, which does not necessarily imply focused interaction, we gain information and knowledge from our fellow citizens and participate in processes that negotiate social structures, acceptable behaviours and identities. The sharing of space thus becomes a central part of ‘being in society’. It is furthermore through public space that material urban resources are accessible, an access that is dependent on both the location of the amenities in space but also the distribution of space, as structured and shaped by urban form, which creates the actual experience of access through space.Segregation is primarily defined as a social problem. However, in this thesis, it is made clear that it is also a spatial problem. While also broadening the conceptualisation of segregation, the main focus has been upon the role of the built environment. The socio-spatial link builds on social theories. However, these theories are weak when it comes to explaining where co-presence occurs. Addressing the spatial side of the problem, the thesis primarily builds on the architectural theory of space syntax that exactly aims to study the space-society relationship from the viewpoint of space and provides empirical evidence for the correspondence between urban form – as it is shaped by urban design and architecture – and the creation of co-presence as well as variations in its intensity and its constitution. In addition, key questions such as what people may have access to ‘just around the corner’ in terms of human resources or other urban amenities are elaborated. The distinct variations found between neighbourhoods are argued both to enrich the discussion on social exclusion and unequal living conditions and inform future urban planning and design.The thesis demonstrates that specific configurational properties have great impact on the pattern of co-presence. More specifically, it is found that a segregation of public space, a limited spatial reach and an uneven distribution of spatial centrality appears not to favour an exchange between neighbourhoods or access to urban resources across the city – findings that are highly critical for the urban segregation issue. Detailed configurational analysis of Stockholm reveals the performative aspects of different urban layouts related not only to local circumstances and character but, more importantly, to the further context of such layouts. Increased knowledge of how spatial configuration relates to social practices offers new insight into how different neighbourhoods and urban layouts perform socially and increases understanding of the social implications of spatial configuration.The findings of this study are argued to open up theoretical developments that address the social and political dimension of urban design with greater precision. Not least, this knowledge can influence public debate. The knowledge produced can furthermore be used in urban design practice and anti-segregation initiatives, identifying whether spatial interventions can make a contribution and if so, what physical interventions respond to the social ends in question, where the ultimate aim is an urban design that not only builds cities but societies too.
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| 50. |
- Legeby, Ann, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Rumslig gestaltning och sociala processer : Skolor som förmedlare av samhällelig närvaro
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Stadsutveckling & design för motstridiga önskemål. - Stockholm : Arkus. - 9789198042283 ; , s. 213-239
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forskningsprojektet Gränssnitt Gottsunda syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur förutsättningar i byggnader och städer får betydelse för sociala processer som i sin tur formar och reproducerar samhället. Centrala frågor i det här projektet berör segregation, utanförskap och ojämna livsvillkor samt hur dessa är kopplade till stadens resurser, till andra människor och olika samhällsgrupper påverkas till följd av stadens form och organisationen i stadsrummet.I denna text redovisas en av projektets delstudier som handlar om hur olika byggnader och institutioner syns i stadsrummet och vad det signalerar om samhället i stort. Vi har valt skolbyggnader som exempel som får representera en typ av samhällelig funktion med stor betydelse för lokalsamhället, i synnerhet i områden med en befolkning som har begränsade socioekonomiska resurser. Närmare bestämt studeras i vilken grad och på vilket sätt skolor är synliga i stadsdelen, vilken rumslig logik deras placering följer och vad detta kan ha för betydelse för det vardagliga livet.
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