| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 4. |
- Liu, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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16% efficiency all-polymer organic solar cells enabled by a finely tuned morphology via the design of ternary blend
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:4, s. 914-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SUMMARY There is an urgent demand for all-polymer organic solar cells (AP-OSCs) to gain higher efficiency. Here, we successfully improve the performance to 16.09% by introducing a small amount of BN-T, a B <- N-type polymer acceptor, into the PM6:PY-IT blend. It has been found that BN-T makes the active layer, based on the PM6:PY-IT:BN-T ternary blend, more crystalline but meanwhile slightly reduces the phase separation, leading to enhancement of both exciton harvesting and charge transport. From a thermodynamic viewpoint, BN-T prefers to reside between PM6 and PY-IT, and the fraction of this fine-tunes the morphology. Besides, a significantly reduced nonradiative energy loss occurs in the ternary blend, along with the coexistence of energy and charge transfer between the two acceptors. The progressive performance facilitated by these improved properties demonstrates that AP-OSCs can possibly comparably efficient with those based on small molecule acceptors, further enhancing the competitiveness of this device type.
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| 5. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 7. |
- Zhou, Haitao, et al.
(författare)
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New cyano-substituted organic dyes containing different electrophilic groups : aggregation-induced emission and large two-photon absorption cross section
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 70:39, s. 7050-7056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three aggregation-induced emission active dyes (3a-c) were synthesized and their one- and two-photon absorption properties have been investigated. They were all found to be weakly fluorescent in THF solution, while they exhibited dramatic fluorescence enhancement in water/THF mixtures. The solid fluorescence of 3a-c was recorded and their fluorescence quantum efficiency (Phi(F)) values were determined to be 8.0%, 8.1%, and 16.4%, respectively. Moreover, the two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections (sigma) of 3a-c were measured and 3a showed the highest value of 702 GM. The excellent aggregation-induced emission and 2PA properties provide a promising alternative for biophotonic materials.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Li, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of Complex Metal Oxide Materials by Rapid Phase Identification and Structure Determination
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 141:12, s. 4990-4996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discovery of new inorganic functional materials is of fundamental importance in synthetic and materials science. In the past, the discovering new materials relied on a slow and serendipitous trial-and-error process, especially in the well-studied oxide systems. Here, we presented a strategy to shorten the period of discovery of new complex metal oxide materials by rapid phase identification and structure determination with 3D electron diffraction (ED) techniques, which do not require pure samples or single crystal growth. With such strategy, three new complex metal oxide materials (BiTi0.855Fe1.145O4.93, BiTi4FeO11 and BiTi2FeO7) were discovered in the simple ternary Bi2O3-Fe2O3-TiO2 system. To our best knowledge, it is the first time to discover three new complex metal oxide materials with new structure types in a single study of ternary metal oxide system. The structures of new materials were refined by combining powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with powder neutron diffraction (PND). The most striking feature in this system is that BiTi0.855Fe1.145O4.93 presents edge-shared five-coordinated iron/titanium polyhedra. In addition, another new phase BiTi4GaO11, which is isostructural with BiTi4FeO11, can be obtained when replacing Fe in BiTi4FeO11 with Ga. The band structure investigation of BiTi0.855Fe1.145O4.93, BiTi4FeO11, BiTi2FeO7 and BiTi4GaO11 shown that they were semiconductors with band gaps of 1.65, 2.0, 1.9, and 2.8 eV, respectively. Although this study focused on rapid developing of new inorganic functional materials, this method for developing new materials is available to all fields in chemistry and material chemistry where the limiting factors are impurity, submicrometersized crystals, etc.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Li, Ruihuan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Cr and W additions on the stability and migration of He in bcc Fe : A first-principles study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Computational materials science. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0256 .- 1879-0801. ; 123, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the effects of alloying Cr and W on the stability and diffusivity of interstitial He impurity in body-centered cubic (bcc) Fe host lattice. The interaction between two close Cr/W atoms is repulsive. The relative stable position for an interstitial He remains the tetrahedral interstitial site in the presence Cr. Energetically, He prefers to locate far away from W inside Fe host lattice due to the strong repulsive interaction between He and W. On the other hand, the He migration barrier becomes lower in the presence of Cr (0.026 eV) and W(0.049 eV), as compared to 0.059 eV for pure Fe. Addition of Cr is benefit for He self-trapping, while W is against. The effective diffusivity of He decreases with increasing Cr and W concentrations. Moreover, the additions of Cr and W slightly hinder He being trapped by monovacancy.
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| 12. |
- Liang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Syntheses, structure solutions, and catalytic performance of two novel layered silicates
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 44:35, s. 15567-15575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel layered silicates, PKU-13 and PKU-13a, were hydrothermally synthesized by using trimethyl-propylammonium hydroxide as the structure directing agent (SDA). Their structures were solved by using powder X-ray diffraction data in combination with electron diffraction technique and NMR spectroscopy. These two silicates are built from the same r52 layer in different stacking modes: the adjacent r52 layers in PKU-13a have a 0.5b + 0.68c shift compared with those in PKU-13. The difference is due to the SDA cations located between the layers. The SDA cations exist as a monolayer in the structure of PKU-13, and link the adjacent layers by Coulomb actions in combination with strong hydrogen bonds. In PKU-13a, the SDA cations present in the bi-layer expend the distance between layers and destroy the inter-layer hydrogen bonds. PKU-13a can transform to PKU-13 after treatment with acetic acid solution. The co-existence of intra-layer hydrogen bonds in PKU-13 interfere in its condensation to an ordered crystalline microporous framework. Both PKU-13 and PKU-13a exhibit good catalytic activities as base catalysts in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 49:8, s. 1786-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much attention due to its potentials offered by fully exploiting the spatial and temporal diversities of multiple transmit and receive antennas. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was previously proposed for demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. However, this technique is sensitive to interference and is likely to deteriorate or even break down in a wireless environment, where interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals exist. We propose a new coding and modulation scheme, referred to as the differential space-code modulation (DSCM), which is interference resistant. Our focus is on single-user communications. We show that DSCM outperforms DSTM significantly when interference is present. This advantage is achieved at the cost of a lower data rate or a wider bandwidth or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, a high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme is also presented, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit-error rate (BER), while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 14. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
-
Ingår i: 2001 IEEE Third Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC'01). Workshop Proceedings. - 0780367200 ; , s. 283-286
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much research attention recently due to the potential offered by fully exploiting spatial and temporal diversity. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was recently proposed to perform demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. More recently, a differential space-code modulation (DSCM) scheme, which is an improvement of DSTM for combating interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals, was proposed. DSCM significantly outperforms DSTM when interference is present. This advantage, however, is achieved at the cost of a lower transmission rate, a wider bandwidth, or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, we extend DSCM to a so-called high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit error rate, while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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On the Structure of alpha-BiFeO3
- 2013
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 52:5, s. 2388-2392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycrystalline and monocrystalline alpha-BiFeO3 crystals have been synthesized by solid state reaction and flux growth method, respectively. X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction techniques are used to study the crystallographic and magnetic structure of alpha-BiFeO3. The present data show that alpha-BiFeO3 crystallizes in space group PI with a = 0.563 17(1) nm, b = 0.563 84(1) nm, c = 0.563 70(1) nm, alpha = 59.33(1)degrees, beta = 59.35(1)degrees, gamma = 59.38(1)degrees, and the magnetic structure of alpha-BiFeO3 can be described by space group PI with magnetic modulation vector in reciprocal space q = 0.0045a* - 0.0045b*, which is the magnetic structure model proposed by I. Sosnowska(1) applied to the new PI crystal symmetry of alpha-BiFeO3
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| 16. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(författare)
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Additive-Induced Synergies of Defect Passivation and Energetic Modification toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defect passivation via additive and energetic modification via interface engineering are two effective strategies for achieving high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the synergies of pentafluorophenyl acrylate when used as additive, in which it not only passivates surface defect states but also simultaneously modifies the energetics at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interface to promote charge transport, are shown. The additive-induced synergy effect significantly suppresses both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination, resulting in a device efficiency of 22.42% and an open-circuit voltage of 1.193 V with excellent device stability. The two photovoltaic parameters are among the highest values for polycrystalline CsFormamidinium/Methylammonium (FAMA)/FAMA based n-i-p structural PSCs using low-cost silver electrodes reported to date. The findings provide a promising approach by choosing the dual functional additive to enhance efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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| 17. |
- Yuan, Shichen, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing Charge Injection via a Tailor-Made Electron-Transporting Material for High Performance Blue Perovskite QLEDs
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 8:1, s. 818-826
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the great challenges in perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (Pe-QLEDs) is the unbalanced charge injection that significantly hinders the device performance and stability. Herein, we tailor-made a high mobility electron-transporting material (ETM), named B2, to balance the carrier injection in blue Pe-QLEDs. B2 with a tailored asymmetric anthracenyl structure exhibits a promising electron mobility of 2.7 x 10(-4) cm(2)center dot V-1 center dot s(-1), which is almost 20 times higher than the commonly used ETM-TPBi (1.1 x 10(-5) cm(2)center dot V-1 center dot s(-1)). Subsequently, sky blue (490 nm) Pe-QLED with B2 as the ETM presented a remarkably high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.17% and a low turn-on voltage of 2.2 V, which is much better than that of the TPBi-based device (EQE of 8.31% and Vturn-on of 3.2 V). In addition, B2 also demonstrated a universal application in green and deep blue Pe-QLEDs. This work provides an important guidance to rational design of high electron mobility ETMs for high-performance LEDs.
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| 18. |
- Cai, Shengyun, et al.
(författare)
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Photo-stable substituted dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole-based organic dyes : tuning the photovoltaic properties by optimizing the pi structure for panchromatic DSSCs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tetrahedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-4020 .- 1464-5416. ; 70:43, s. 8122-8128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (DDC) donor based organic dyes (DDC6-DDC8) with long conjugated systems were successfully synthesized and characterized by optical, electrochemical, computational analysis, and photovoltaic methods. It was found that the elongated pi system as well as the high molar extinction coefficients (4.2-5.3 M-1 cm(-1)) sufficiently reinforced the light harvesting ability with the IPCE response of one dye DDC8 extended to 850 nm, which resulted in large J(sc) of these dyes based devices (high as 16.41 mA cm(-2)). The attached alkyl chains suppress the dark current to some extent, resulting the DDC6 and DDC7 devices in high V-oc, while DDC8 displayed low V-oc, because BTD in DDC8 could attract the iodine ion, which could accelerate the charge recombination. Among the three dyes, DDC7 displayed the best performance with an eta value 6.53% under 4 mu m thick scattering layer (condition 1+1), which was boosted to 7.49% under 8 mu m thick scattering layer (condition 1+2). The photo-stability measurements indicated that all the three dyes are fairly photo-stable.
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| 19. |
- Chen, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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PKU-3 : An HCI-Inclusive Aluminoborate for Strecker Reaction Solved by Combining RED and PXRD
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 137:22, s. 7047-7050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel microporous aluminoborate, denoted as PKU-3, was prepared by the boric acid flux method. The structure of PKU-3 was determined by combining the rotation electron diffraction and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data with well resolved ordered Cl- ions in the channel. Composition and crystal structure analysis showed that there are both proton and chlorine ions in the channels. Part of these protons and chlorine ions can be washed away by basic solutions to activate the open pores. The washed PKU-3 can be used as an efficient catalyst in the Strecker reaction with yields higher than 90%.
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| 20. |
- Chen, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Highly sensitive detection of low-level water content in organic solvents and cyanide in aqueous media using novel solvatochromic AIEE fluorophores
- 2015
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 5:16, s. 12191-12201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A great deal of effort has been devoted to develop easy-to-use fluorescent probes for detecting analytes due to their advantages in the field of chemo- and bio-sensing. Herein, two novel 2,2 '-biindenyl-based derivatives BDM and BDBM containing dicyanovinyl groups have been designed and synthesized, and are shown to possess the remarkable dual properties of solvatochromism and aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Importantly, both of them are found to serve as fluorescent indicators for the qualitative and quantitative detection of low-level water in organic solvents. Meanwhile, both BDM and BDBM emit yellowish orange and orange fluorescence, respectively, in their aggregated states. Furthermore, with dicyanovinyl groups as the recognition sites, both compounds can act as colourimetric and fluorescent sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of cyanide in aqueous media, and the apparent response signals can be observed by the naked eye even in the presence of various interference anions, promising practical applications for detecting cyanide in drinking water. Besides, optical spectroscopic techniques, NMR titration measurements, and density functional theory calculations are conducted to rationalize the sensing mechanisms of the two probes.
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| 21. |
- Cong, Rihong, et al.
(författare)
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Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Bismuth Hydroxyl Borates Containing [Bi(2)O(2)](2+) Layers : Bi(2)O(2)[B(3)O(5)(OH)] and Bi(2)O(2)[BO(2)(OH)]
- 2011
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Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 50:11, s. 5098-5104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new bismuth hydroxyl borates, Bi(2)O(2)[B(3)O5-(OH)] (I) and Bi(2)O(2)[BO(2)(OH)] (II), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures were determined by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data, respectively. Compound I crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with the lattice constants of a = 6.0268(3) angstrom, b = 11.3635(6) angstrom, and c = 19.348(1) angstrom. Compound II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cm with the lattice constants of a = 5.4676(6) angstrom, b = 14.6643(5) angstrom, c = 3.9058(1) angstrom, and beta = 135.587(6)degrees. The borate fundamental building block (FBB) in I is a three-ring unit [B(3)O(6)(OH)](4-), which connects one by one via sharing corners, forming an infinite zigzag chain along the a direction. The borate chains are further linked by hydrogen bonds, showing as a borate layer within the ab plane. The FBB in II is an isolated [BO(2)(OH)](2-) triangle, which links to two neighboring FBBs by strong hydrogen bonds, resulting in a borate chain along the a direction. Both compounds contain [Bi(2)O(2)](2+) layers, and the [Bi(2)O(2)](2+) layers combine with the corresponding borate layers alternatively, forming the whole structures. These two new bismuth borates are the first ones containing [Bi(2)O(2)](2+) layers in borates. The appearance of Bi(2)O(2)[BO(2)(OH)] (II) completes the series of compounds Bi(2)O(2)[BO(2)(OH)], Bi(2)O(2)CO(3), and Bi(2)O(2)[NO(3)(OH)] and the formation of Bi(2)O(2)[B(3)O(5)(OH)] provides another example in demonstrating the polymerization tendency of borate groups.
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| 22. |
- Feng, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Fused Bithiophene Imide Dimer-Based n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:45, s. 24198-24205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) lags far behind their p-type counterparts. In order to address this dilemma, we report here two new fused bithiophene imide dimer (f-BTI2)-based n-type polymers with a branched methyl end-capped glycol side chain, which exhibit good solubility, low-lying LUMO energy levels, favorable polymer chain orientation, and efficient ion transport property, thus yielding a remarkable OECT electron mobility (mu(e)) of up to approximate to 10(-2) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and volumetric capacitance (C*) as high as 443 F cm(-3), simultaneously. As a result, the f-BTI2TEG-FT-based OECTs deliver a record-high maximum geometry-normalized transconductance of 4.60 S cm(-1) and a maximum mu C* product of 15.2 F cm(-1) V-1 s(-1). The mu C* figure of merit is more than one order of magnitude higher than that of the state-of-the-art n-type OECTs. The emergence of f-BTI2TEG-FT brings a new paradigm for developing high-performance n-type polymers for low-power OECT applications.
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| 23. |
- Huang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Propeller-like D-pi-A architectures : bright solid emitters with AIEE activity and large two-photon absorption
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 2:33, s. 6843-6849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel molecules TABzPA and TATpPA with D-pi-A structure and large pi-conjugation have been synthesized via Wittig reaction. Unlike common molecules, which exhibit the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon, TABzPA and TATpPA exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) activity: weak luminescence in common solvents but strong emission when aggregated as nanoparticles and solid powders. Due to their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) attribution and AIEE features, TABzPA and TATpPA display bathochromic effects. Combining ICT and AIEE features, these molecules are intensely yellow solid emitters with high quantum efficiencies of about 23.2% and 24.1%. Moreover, TABzPA and TATpPA have excellent two-photon absorption (2PA) properties owing to good planarity and large pi-conjugation. The values of 2PA cross sections at 800 nm are 7590 GM and 7648 GM. The excellent optical properties of TABzPA and TATpPA pave the way for future potential applications in biophotonics and optoelectronics.
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| 24. |
- Kang, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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Two-Dimensional Quantum Transport in Free-Standing InSb Nanosheets
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 19:1, s. 561-569
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-dimensional narrow band gap III-V compound semiconductors, such as InAs and InSb, have attracted much attention as one of promising platforms for studying Majorana zero modes and non-Abelian statistics relevant for topological quantum computation. So far, most of experimental studies were performed on hybrid devices based on one-dimensional semiconductor nanowires. In order to build complex topological circuits toward scalable quantum computing, exploring high-mobility two-dimensional (2D) III-V compound electron system with strong spin-orbit coupling is highly desirable. Here, we study quantum transport in high-mobility InSb nanosheet grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The observations of Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations and quantum Hall states, together with the angular dependence of magnetotransport measurements, provide the evidence for the 2D nature of electronic states in InSb nanosheet. The presence of strong spin-orbit coupling in the InSb nanosheet is verified by the low-field magnetotransport measurements, characterized by weak antilocalization effect. Finally, we demonstrate the realization of high-quality InSb nanosheet-superconductor junctions with transparent interface. Our results not only advance the study of 2D quantum transport but also open up opportunities for developing hybrid topological devices based on 2D semiconducting nanosheets with strong spin-orbit coupling.
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| 25. |
- Li, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Modulated structure determination and ion transport mechanism of oxide-ion conductor CeNbO4+δ
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CeNbO4+δ, a family of oxygen hyperstoichiometry materials with varying oxygen content (CeNbO4, CeNbO4.08, CeNbO4.25, CeNbO4.33) that shows mixed electronic and oxide ionic conduction, has been known for four decades. However, the oxide ionic transport mechanism has remained unclear due to the unknown atomic structures of CeNbO4.08 and CeNbO4.33. Here, we report the complex (3 + 1)D incommensurately modulated structure of CeNbO4.08, and the supercell structure of CeNbO4.33 from single nanocrystals by using a three-dimensional electron diffraction technique. Two oxide ion migration events are identified in CeNbO4.08 and CeNbO4.25 by molecular dynamics simulations, which was a synergic-cooperation knock-on mechanism involving continuous breaking and reformation of Nb2O9 units. However, the excess oxygen in CeNbO4.33 hardly migrates because of the high concentration and the ordered distribution of the excess oxide ions. The relationship between the structure and oxide ion migration for the whole series of CeNbO4+δ compounds elucidated here provides a direction for the performance optimization of these compounds.
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| 26. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Suspended InAsnanowire gate-all-around field-effect transistors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 105:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gate-all-around field-effect transistors are realized with thin, single-crystalline, pure-phase InAs nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At room temperature, the transistors show a desired high on-state current I-on of similar to 10 mu A arid an on-off current ratio I-on/I-off of as high as 10(6) at sourcedrain bias voltage of 50 mV and gate length of 1 mu m with a gate underlap spacing of 1 mu m from the source and from the drain. At low temperatures, the on-state current I-on is only slightly reduced, while the ratio I-on/I-off is increased to 10(7). The field-effect mobility in the nanowire channels is also investigated and found to be similar to 1500 cm(2)/V s at room temperature and similar to 2000 cm(2)/V s at low temperatures. The excellent performance of the transistors is explained in terms of strong electrostatic and quantum confinements of carriers in the nanowires. (C) 2014 A1P Publishing LLC.
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| 27. |
- Li, Yajun, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct periods of fan aggradation and incision for tributary valleys of different sizes along the Bailong River, eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geomorphology. - : Elsevier. - 0169-555X .- 1872-695X. ; 373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the mechanisms of fan incision/aggradation provides key insights into the dynamics of fan evolution and hazardous fan-forming processes. This paper focuses on the discrepancy in fan evolution for two nearby valleys of different catchment areas along the Bailong River. Specifically, we study fan evolution in the small-sized CJB valley (watershed area being 1.1 km(2)) using sedimentary analyses and C-14 dating. Sedimentary logging of seven exposed profiles indicates that mudflows and debris flows are the primary fan-forming processes. Seven samples were taken from paleosols developed in mudflow sediments, and the humin fraction was extracted for C-14 dating. These ages constrain the fan aggradation period to between 10 and 4.9 cal kyr BP, and then the incision period occurred after 4.9 cal kyr BP. As the mudflow sediments may contain organic matter from hillslope legacies, the fan aggradation period may be later than the C-14 ages defined in this study. In any case, the time of fan incision/aggradation in CJB is younger than that of the GLP valley (watershed area being 20 km(2)) where fan aggradation occurred in 21.7-7 ka and incision occurred afterward. The fan aggradation period defined by the C-14 ages in CJB is consistent with an alluvial fan of similar thickness in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and two other fans along the Bailong River. This consistency may suggest a plausible climatic control on fan evolution for small-sized tributary valleys, while the inconsistency with the larger GLP valley may suggest different climate-response regimes for tributary valleys of different sizes. More research on similar types of alluvial fans and cross-validation of different dating methods is needed.
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| 28. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA systems
- 2002
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Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180. ; :3, s. 289-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A differential space-time block code (DSTBC) modulation scheme is used to improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems in fast time-dispersive fading channels. The resulting scheme is referred to as the differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA (DSTBC-CDMA) systems. The new modulation and demodulation schemes are especially studied for the down-link transmission of DS-CDMA systems. We present three demodulation schemes, referred to as the differential space-time block code Rake (D-Rake) receiver, differential space-time block code deterministic (D-Det) receiver, and differential space-time block code deterministic de-prefix (D-Det-DP) receiver, respectively. The D-Det receiver exploits the known information of the spreading sequences and their delayed paths deterministically besides the Rake type combination; consequently, it can outperform the D-Rake receiver, which employs the Rake type combination only. The D-Det-DP receiver avoids the effect of intersymbol interference and hence can offer better performance than the D-Det receiver.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Ming, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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金属镁的氧化及氧化机理研究进展
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cailiao Daobao/Materials Reports. - 1005-023X. ; 35:19, s. 19134-19141
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the lightest commercial metal structure material, magnesium alloy shows a wide application prospect in aerospace, automobile, 3C pro-ducts and other fields. At the same time, it is of great strategic significance to promote the application of magnesium alloy materials, in the face of the increasing shortage of iron and aluminum resources in the world and the dilemma of a large number of imported iron and aluminum ores. Compared with common steel and aluminum alloy, the research and development of magnesium alloy are not enough, and its application is also limited. The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy is partly due to the high chemical activity of magnesium and the lack of protective effect of the film formed on the surface. Especially at high temperature, magnesium and its alloys are easy to oxidize, even burn, and release a lot of heat, which has become one of the bottlenecks limiting the extensive application of magnesium alloys. In recent years, a lot of researches have been carried out on the oxidation mechanism and influencing factors of magnesium and its alloys. It is considered that the oxidation of magnesium alloy is affected by factors, such as P-B value of oxide film, evaporation and diffusion of magnesium and so on. At present, the oxidation resistance of magnesium is improved by alloying. This provides theoretical support for the preparation of magnesium alloy with high oxidation resistance. At the same time, it expands the application prospect of magnesium alloy at high temperature, and will bring huge economic benefits to magnesium alloy industry. This paper summarizes the research progress of oxidation characteristics and mechanism of magnesium and its alloys at home and abroad. Firstly, the oxidation of magnesium is briefly introduced. Secondly, the mechanism and influencing factors of magnesium oxidation are analyzed, and the influence rules and mechanism of P-B value, diffusion, evaporation, microstructure and alloy elements on the oxidation behavior of magnesium are emphatically discussed. Finally, the shortcomings of the current research are summarized, and suggestions on the research direction of magnesium oxidation resistance are put forward.
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| 31. |
- Paleti, Sri Harish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Hexanary blends : a strategy towards thermally stable organic photovoltaics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-fullerene based organic solar cells display a high initial power conversion efficiency but continue to suffer from poor thermal stability, especially in case of devices with thick active layers. Mixing of five structurally similar acceptors with similar electron affinities, and blending with a donor polymer is explored, yielding devices with a power conversion efficiency of up to 17.6%. The hexanary device performance is unaffected by thermal annealing of the bulk-heterojunction active layer for at least 23 days at 130 °C in the dark and an inert atmosphere. Moreover, hexanary blends offer a high degree of thermal stability for an active layer thickness of up to 390 nm, which is advantageous for high-throughput processing of organic solar cells. Here, a generic strategy based on multi-component acceptor mixtures is presented that permits to considerably improve the thermal stability of non-fullerene based devices and thus paves the way for large-area organic solar cells.
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| 32. |
- Park, Jongsun, et al.
(författare)
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DNA-dependent protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation of protein kinase B requires a specific recognition sequence in the C-terminal hydrophobic motif.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 0021-9258. ; 284:10, s. 6169-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) has been implicated in a variety of nuclear processes including DNA double strand break repair, V(D)J recombination, and transcription. A recent study showed that DNA-PK is responsible for Ser-473 phosphorylation in the hydrophobic motif of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in genotoxic-stressed cells, suggesting a novel role for DNA-PK in cell signaling. Here, we report that DNA-PK activity toward PKB peptides is impaired in DNA-PK knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblast cells when compared with wild type. In addition, human glioblastoma cells expressing a mutant form of DNA-PK (M059J) displayed a lower DNA-PK activity when compared with glioblastoma cells expressing wild-type DNA-PK (M059K) when PKB peptide substrates were tested. DNA-PK preferentially phosphorylated PKB on Ser-473 when compared with its known in vitro substrate, p53. A consensus hydrophobic amino acid surrounding the Ser-473 phospho-acceptor site in PKB containing amino acids Phe at position +1 and +4 and Tyr at position -1 are critical for DNA-PK activity. Thus, these data define the specificity of DNA-PK action as a Ser-473 kinase for PKB in DNA repair signaling.
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| 33. |
- Shao, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Cr doping on the oxygen evolution potential of SnO2/Ti and Sb-SnO2/Ti electrodes
- 2019
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 1572-6657. ; 832, s. 436-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen evolution potential is the determining factor affecting the anode efficiency of the wastewater treatment process. In this study, we focus on increasing oxygen evolution potential of Cr-SnO2/Ti and Cr-Sb-SnO2/Ti electrodes with the pyrolytic method. XRD, SEM and XPS techniques had been applied to characterize the microstructures and chemical compositions of the samples. Electrochemical measurements had been performed to evaluate the oxygen evolution potential as a criterion of the wastewater treatment efficiency. The results show that co-doping of Sb and Cr improved the crystallinity and grain size of SnO2 coating, and Cr existed in the form of Cr(III) valence states. The Cr doping treatment improved the electronic conductivity and the electrocatalytic activity of the electrodes. DFT calculation of the band-structure indicates Cr doped SnO2 had a superior electrical conductivity, where Cr atom acts as an acceptor providing vacancies for electron transportation. The DOS diagrams reveal the Cr doped SnO2 showing a p-type conductivity which would subsequently influence the built-in potential on metal-semiconductor interface. We proposed the mechanism of the increase of oxygen evolution potential is the doping of Cr expands the built-in potential.
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| 34. |
- Sun, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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A cubic DNA nanocage probe for in situ analysis of miRNA-10b in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - 1364-548X. ; 60, s. 4777-4780
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cubic DNA nanocage probe is able to enter EVs derived from MDA-MB-231 cells and react with miRNA-10b. The probe-loaded EVs were employed to monitor the process of entry of miRNA-10b into MCF-10A cells, allowing visualization of EV-mediated intercellular communication of miRNA-10b between the cancer cells.
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| 35. |
- Tian, Guojian, et al.
(författare)
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A new D-A-pi-A type organic sensitizer based on substituted dihydroindolo [2,3-b] carbazole and DPP unit with a bulky branched alkyl chain for highly efficient DSCs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 3:7, s. 3777-3784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new D-A-pi-A configuration metal-free organic sensitizers (T1-T2) based on 5,7-dihexyl-6,12-diphenyl-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole and a DPP unit with a bulky branched alkyl chain have been synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells. Due to a bulky branched alkyl chain being attached to the donor and DPP unit, both compounds obtain high V-oc values. Under standard global AM 1.5 solar light conditions, the T1 based-device gives a high conversion efficiency of 8.24% with a J(sc) of 15.72 mA cm(-2), a V-oc of 0.74 V and a FF of 0.71. These excellent performances make the donor dihydroindolo[2,3-b] carbazole and DPP unit promising candidates for further application in DSCs.
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| 36. |
- Wang, L. B., et al.
(författare)
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Phase-coherent transport and spin relaxation in InAs nanowires grown by molecule beam epitaxy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 106:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report low-temperature magnetotransport studies of individual InAs nanowires grown by molecule beam epitaxy. At low magnetic fields, the magnetoconductance characteristics exhibit a crossover between weak antilocalization and weak localization by changing either the gate voltage or the temperature. The observed crossover behavior can be well described in terms of relative scales of the transport characteristic lengths extracted based on the quasi-one-dimensional theory of weak localization in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. The spin relaxation length extracted from the magnetoconductance data is found to be in the range of 80-100 nm, indicating the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling in the InAs nanowires. Moreover, the amplitude of universal conductance fluctuations in the nanowires is found to be suppressed at low temperatures due to the presence of strong spin-orbit scattering. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.
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| 37. |
- Wu, Angjian, et al.
(författare)
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Co-generation of hydrogen and carbon aerosol from coalbed methane surrogate using rotating gliding arc plasma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 195, s. 67-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma, i.e., rotating gliding arc (RGA), is developed to upgrade coal bed methane (CBM) into hydrogen and carbon aerosol simultaneously. CH4 is used as a CBM surrogate. In present work, the V-I characteristics of RGA discharge in CH4 conversion are monitored with different gases (N2, Ar and CO2) as carrier gas, while the active species (such as OH, CH, CN, C2, excited molecules and ions) involved in the plasma reactions are identified by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). According to the sensitivity analysis of specific energy density (SED), the importance of operating conditions on SED sensitivity is in a sequence of CH4 concentration > applied voltage > residence time. The performance of CH4 conversions are comparatively evaluated based on the variation of operating conditions. In general, the enhancement of applied voltage and residence time effectively increases the CH4 conversions, selectivity of hydrogen, as well as the energy efficiency, while the augment of CH4 concentration has a negative effect in contrast. The carbon aerosol obtained in CH4/N2 and CH4/Ar discharge are comparatively investigated. Transparent crumped-like graphene sheets and spherical nanostructure carbon are observed in both obtained carbon aerosol, with relative high ID/IG ratios (∼0.62) indicated in Raman spectroscopy. High C/O ratios (>14) are obtained in the XPS survey spectra, with the intensity ratios of sp2 C[dbnd]C/sp3 C-C occupy about 80%. However, the BET surface area of carbon obtained from CH4/N2 is almost 3 times larger than that from CH4/Ar discharge. In addition, super hydrophobic and oleophilic properties are observed in both carbon samples. The contact angles of water droplets are above 130°, while the contact angle of oil is less than 4°.
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| 38. |
- Wu, Xiaofang, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of chondroitin and/or glucosamine on patients with Kashin-Beck disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science Insights Medicine. - : Insight Publisher. - 2378-8097. ; 2016
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic disease, is a special type of osteoarthritis (OA). Nowadays, due to prevention and treatment methods including selenium supplements, changing grains and water source as well as health education, the morbidity of KBD is reduced significantly as compared to that in the 1950s. However, many elderly adult KBD patients are still suffering from the degenerative changes of cartilage, pain, stiffness and deformation of joints, which are quite similar or even more serious than OA. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine have been widely used as symptomatic slow-acting drugs for the treatment of OA. Although their therapeutic effects, biochemical data, pharmacokinetics, preclinical studies, safety and economic evaluation have been well investigated in OA, they are not clearly studied in KBD. In this review, we will evaluate the clinical evidence (randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials), safeties and cost-effectiveness of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine for the treatment of KBD. Moreover, the therapeutic mechanisms of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine are also discussed in details.
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| 39. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Observation on p- to n-Type Transformation of Perovskite Surface Region during Defect Passivation Driving High Photovoltaic Efficiency
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:2, s. 467-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from significant nonradiative recombination, limiting their power conversion efficiencies. Here, for the first time, we directly observe a complete transformation of perovskite MAPbI(3) surface region energetics from p- to n-type during defect passivation caused by natural additive capsaicin, attributed to the spontaneous formation of a p-n homojunction in perovskite active layer. We demonstrate that the p-n homojunction locates at similar to 100 nm below perovskite surface. The energetics transformation and defect passivation promote charge transport in bulk perovskite layer and at perovskite/PCBM interface, suppressing both defect-assisted recombination and interface carrier recombination. As a result, an efficiency of 21.88% and a fill factor of 83.81% with excellent device stability are achieved, both values are the highest records for polycrystalline MAPbI(3) based p-i-n PSCs reported to date. The proposed new concept of synergetic defect passivation and energetic modification via additive provides a huge potential for further improvement of PSC performance.
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| 40. |
- Yang, Jianming, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive understanding of heat-induced degradation of triple-cation mixed halide perovskite for a robust solar cell
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 54, s. 218-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The triple-cation mixed halide perovskite Cs-0.05(MA(0.17)FA(0.83))(0.95)Pb(I0.83Br0.17)(3) emerges as one of the most promising candidates for photovoltaics due to superior optoelectronic properties, but the thermal stability is still a major challenge for the viability of perovskite solar cells towards commercialization. Herein, we firstly explore the thermal response of the photovoltaic performances to access device physical changes. It is shown that the efficiency loss originates from decreased charge mobility, increased trap density and generation of PbI2 charge recombination centers near the interface. In-depth analysis of evolutions in morphology, chemical composition, dynamic and electronic structure of the perovskite layer at the nanometer scales indicates that it is initial dangling bonds and vacancies on the imperfect surfaces decrease the activation energy and cause the perovskite decomposition in a layer-by-layer pathway sequentially from the film surface to bulk. Based on the results, a strategy of surface passivation to improve the thermal stability is demonstrated and discussed. This work for the first time provides insights into the physical and chemical change of such triple-cation perovskite and indicates that more effort should be invested in surface treatment for enhancing perovskite device stability.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Yao, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-center milestone study of clinical vertebral CT segmentation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0895-6111 .- 1879-0771. ; 49, s. 16-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiple center milestone study of clinical vertebra segmentation is presented in this paper. Vertebra segmentation is a fundamental step for spinal image analysis and intervention. The first half of the study was conducted in the spine segmentation challenge in 2014 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) Workshop on Computational Spine Imaging (CSI 2014). The objective was to evaluate the performance of several state-of-the-art vertebra segmentation algorithms on computed tomography (CT) scans using ten training and five testing dataset, all healthy cases; the second half of the study was conducted after the challenge, where additional 5 abnormal cases are used for testing to evaluate the performance under abnormal cases. Dice coefficients and absolute surface distances were used as evaluation metrics. Segmentation of each vertebra as a single geometric unit, as well as separate segmentation of vertebra substructures, was evaluated. Five teams participated in the comparative study. The top performers in the study achieved Dice coefficient of 0.93 in the upper thoracic, 0.95 in the lower thoracic and 0.96 in the lumbar spine for healthy cases, and 0.88 in the upper thoracic, 0.89 in the lower thoracic and 0.92 in the lumbar spine for osteoporotic and fractured cases. The strengths and weaknesses of each method as well as future suggestion for improvement are discussed. This is the first multi-center comparative study for vertebra segmentation methods, which will provide an up-to-date performance milestone for the fast growing spinal image analysis and intervention. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 46. |
- Zhiyun, Zhang, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Organic Dyes Based on Bulky Tri(triphenylamine)-Substituted Styrene for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Chinese journal of chemistry. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1001-604X .- 1614-7065. ; 30:12, s. 2779-2785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three novel donor-p-acceptor (D-p-A) metal-free organic dyes (TB, TS and TF) based on tri(triphenylamine)-substituted styrene as donor with various conjugated linkers (benzene, thiophene and furan) were synthesized, characterized and used for the application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Under the same condition, The photo-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the DSSCs sensitized with TB, TS and TF reach 1.84%, 4.10% and 4.52%, respectively, which are lower than that sensitized with R1 (5.02%) with one triphenylamine unit. The results suggest that these bulky donor-based sensitizers are unfavorable to DSSCs.
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| 47. |
- Zhu, You-an, et al.
(författare)
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The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 609:7929, s. 954-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular studies suggest that the origin of jawed vertebrates was no later than the Late Ordovician period (around 450 million years ago (Ma))(1,2). Together with disarticulated micro-remains of putative chondrichthyans from the Ordovician and early Silurian period(3-8), these analyses suggest an evolutionary proliferation of jawed vertebrates before, and immediately after, the end-Ordovician mass extinction. However, until now, the earliest complete fossils of jawed fishes for which a detailed reconstruction of their morphology was possible came from late Silurian assemblages (about 425 Ma)(9-13). The dearth of articulated, whole-body fossils from before the late Silurian has long rendered the earliest history of jawed vertebrates obscure. Here we report a newly discovered Konservat-Lagerstatte, which is marked by the presence of diverse, well-preserved jawed fishes with complete bodies, from the early Silurian (Telychian age, around 436 Ma) of Chongqing, South China. The dominant species, a `placoderm' or jawed stem gnathostome, which we name Xiushanosteus mirabilis gen. et sp. nov., combines characters from major placoderm subgroups(14-17) and foreshadows the transformation of the skull roof pattern from the placoderm to the osteichthyan condition(10). The chondrichthyan Shenacanthus uermiformis gen. et sp. nov. exhibits extensive thoracic armour plates that were previously unknown in this lineage, and include a large median dorsal plate as in placoderms(14-16), combined with a conventional chondrichthyan bauplan(18,19). Together, these species reveal a previously unseen diversification of jawed vertebrates in the early Silurian, and provide detailed insights into the whole-body morphology of the jawed vertebrates of this period.
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