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| 2. |
- Sattui, Sebastian E., et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry : a retrospective cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Rheumatology. - : Elsevier. - 2665-9913. ; 3:12, s. E855-E864
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica might be at a high risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes due to the treatments used, the potential organ damage cause by primary systemic vasculitis, and the demographic factors associated with these conditions. We therefore aimed to investigate factors associated with COVID-19 outcomes in patients with primary systemic vasculitis or polymyalgia rheumatica. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, adult patients (aged >= 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12, 2020, and April 12, 2021, who had a history of primary systemic vasculitis (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody [ANCA]-associated vasculitis, giant cell arteritis, Behcet's syndrome, or other vasculitis) or polymyalgia rheumatica, and were reported to the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance registry were included. To assess COVID-19 outcomes in patients, we used an ordinal COVID-19 severity scale, defined as: (1) no hospitalisation; (2) hospitalisation without supplemental oxygen; (3) hospitalisation with any supplemental oxygen or ventilation; or (4) death. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), adjusting for age, sex, time period, number of comorbidities, smoking status, obesity, glucocorticoid use, disease activity, region, and medication category. Analyses were also stratified by type of rheumatic disease. Findings Of 1202 eligible patients identified in the registry, 733 (61.0%) were women arid 469 (39.0%) were men, and their mean age was 63.8 years (SD 17.1). A total of 374 (31.1%) patients had polymyalgia rheumatica, 353 (29.4%) had ANCA-associated vasculitis, 183 (15.2%) had giant cell arteritis, 112 (9.3%) had Behcet's syndrome, and 180 (15.0%) had other vasculitis. Of 1020 (84. 9%) patients with outcome data, 512 (S0.2%) were not hospitalised, 114 (11.2%) were hospitalised and did not receive supplemental oxygen, 239 (23 - 4%) were hospitalised and received ventilation or supplemental oxygen, and 155 (15.2%) died. A higher odds of poor COVID-19 outcomes were observed in patients who were older (per each additional decade of life OR 1.44 [95% CI 1. 31-1- 571), were male compared with female (1.38 [1.05-1.801), had more comorbidities (per each additional comorbidity 1.39 [1- 23-1- 581), were taking 10 mg/day or more of prednisolone compared with none (2.14 [1.50-3.04J), or had moderate, or high or severe disease activity compared with those who had disease remission or low disease activity (2.12 [1.49-3.021). Risk factors varied among different disease subtypes. Interpretation Among patients with primary systemic vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica, severe COVID-19 outcomes were associated with variable and largely unmodifiable risk factors, such as age, sex, and number of comorbidities, as well as treatments, including high-dose glucocorticoids. Our results could be used to info rm mitigation strategies for patients with these diseases.
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| 4. |
- Abdelaziz, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Survey on network virtualization using openflow : Taxonomy, opportunities, and open issues
- 2016
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Ingår i: KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems. - : Korean Society for Internet Information (KSII). - 1976-7277. ; 10:10, s. 4902-4932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The popularity of network virtualization has recently regained considerable momentum because of the emergence of OpenFlow technology. It is essentially decouples a data plane from a control plane and promotes hardware programmability. Subsequently, OpenFlow facilitates the implementation of network virtualization. This study aims to provide an overview of different approaches to create a virtual network using OpenFlow technology. The paper also presents the OpenFlow components to compare conventional network architecture with OpenFlow network architecture, particularly in terms of the virtualization. A thematic OpenFlow network virtualization taxonomy is devised to categorize network virtualization approaches. Several testbeds that support OpenFlow network virtualization are discussed with case studies to show the capabilities of OpenFlow virtualization. Moreover, the advantages of popular OpenFlow controllers that are designed to enhance network virtualization is compared and analyzed. Finally, we present key research challenges that mainly focus on security, scalability, reliability, isolation, and monitoring in the OpenFlow virtual environment. Numerous potential directions to tackle the problems related to OpenFlow network virtualization are likewise discussed
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| 5. |
- Abercrombie, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Dark Matter benchmark models for early LHC Run-2 Searches : Report of the ATLAS/CMS Dark Matter Forum
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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| 6. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 10. |
- Alalawi, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Does Pain Extent Predict Ongoing Pain and Disability in Patients with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI AG. - 2077-0383. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether baseline pain extent, extracted from an electronic pain drawing, is an independent predictive factor of pain and disability measured 1 year and 2 years later in people with chronic WAD. Participants completed questionnaires assessing neck pain intensity, disability via the Neck Disability Index (NDI), psychological features, and work ability. Participants also completed electronic pain drawings from which their pain extent was extracted. A two-step modelling approach was undertaken to identify the crude and adjusted association between pain extent and NDI measured at 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. A total of 205 participants were included in the analysis. The univariate analysis showed that pain extent was significantly associated with the NDI score at the 1-year (p = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.159-0.909) and 2-year (p = 0.029, 0.057-0.914) follow-ups. These associations were not maintained when we introduced perceived disability, psychological health, and work ability into the model after 1 year (p = 0.56, 95%CI: -0.28-0.499) and 2 years (p = 0.401, -0.226-0.544). Pain extent, as an independent factor, was significantly associated with perceived pain and disability in patients with chronic WAD for up to 2 years. This association was masked by neck disability, psychological health, and work ability.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sprouting capacity from intact root systems of Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis decrease in autumn
- 2013
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Ingår i: Weed research (Print). - : Wiley. - 0043-1737 .- 1365-3180. ; 53:3, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perennial weeds are often controlled by mechanical means, which aim at stimulating axillary and adventitious buds to sprout. This happens when the apical dominance of the main shoot is removed by defoliation or when the underground system is fragmented. By repeating the measures, the result is a depletion of storage compounds, which weakens the plants and reduces their capacity to grow and reproduce. However, timing is critical. Earlier research has indicated that emergence from fragments of Sonchus arvensis cease during a period in autumn, while the seasonal pattern of sprouting in Cirsium arvense appears to be inconsistent. We studied the emergence pattern of defoliated plants with undisturbed root systems, from late summer to early spring. Potted plants grown outdoors were exhumed at regular intervals, put under forcing conditions for 4weeks, after which shoots above and below soil level were counted and weighed together with the remaining root systems. In both species, the number and weight of emerged shoots decreased during a period in the autumn. In C.arvense, underground shoots were constantly produced during the same period, while fewer underground shoots were present in S.arvensis. For the latter species, apical dominance does not fully explain the effect; thus, endodormancy might be involved. Root weight increased until withering and did not explain the lack of emergence. Our results suggest an impaired sprouting capacity of undisturbed root systems of C.arvense and S.arvensis during SeptemberOctober, which has implications for the timing and method of control of these species.
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| 17. |
- Banerjee, R., et al.
(författare)
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Realization of Hofstadter's butterfly and a one-way edge mode in a polaritonic system
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 98:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a scheme to generate an artificial gauge field for the system of neutral bosons, represented by polaritons in micropillars arranged into a square lattice. The splitting between the two polarizations of the micropillars breaks the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and results in the effective phase-dependent hopping between cavities. This can allow for engineering a nonzero flux on the plaquette, corresponding to an artificial magnetic field. Changing the phase, we observe a characteristic Hofstadter's butterfly pattern and the appearance of chiral edge states for a finite-size structure. For long-lived polaritons, we show that the propagation of wave packets at the edge is robust against disorder. Moreover, given the inherent driven-dissipative nature of polariton lattices, we find that the system can exhibit topological lasing, recently discovered for active ring cavity arrays. The results point to a static way to realize artificial magnetic field in neutral spinful systems, avoiding the periodic modulation of the parameters or strong spin-orbit interaction. Ultimately, the described system can allow for high-power topological single-mode lasing which is robust to imperfections.
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| 18. |
- Barratt, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Phase 2 Trial of Cemdisiran in Adult Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Society of Nephrology. Clinical Journal. - : AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY. - 1555-9041 .- 1555-905X. ; 19:4, s. 452-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background IgA nephropathy is the most common primary GN. Clinical features of IgA nephropathy include proteinuria, which is the strongest known surrogate of progression to kidney failure. Complement pathway activation is a critical driver of inflammation and tissue injury in IgA nephropathy. Cemdisiran is an investigational RNA interference therapeutic that suppresses hepatic production of complement component 5 (C5), thereby potentially reducing proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of cemdisiran in adult patients with IgA nephropathy at high risk of kidney disease progression. Methods In this phase 2, 36-week, double-blind study, adult patients with IgA nephropathy and urine protein >= 1 g/24 hours were randomized (2:1) to subcutaneous cemdisiran 600 mg or placebo every 4 weeks in combination with the standard of care. The primary end point was percentage change from baseline at week 32 in urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) measured by 24-hour urine collection. Additional end points included change from baseline in UPCR measured by spot urine, serum C5 level, and safety assessments. Results Thirty-one patients were randomized (cemdisiran, N=22; placebo, N=9). Cemdisiran-treated patients had a placebo-adjusted geometric mean change in 24-hour UPCR of -37.4% (cemdisiran-adjusted geometric mean ratio to baseline [SEM], 0.69 [0.10]) at week 32. Spot UPCR was consistent with 24-hour UPCR placebo-adjusted change of -45.8% (cemdisiran-adjusted geometric mean ratio to baseline [SEM], 0.73 [0.11]). Mean (SD) change in serum C5 level from baseline at week 32 was -98.7% (1.2) with cemdisiran and 25.2% (57.7) with placebo. Over 36 weeks, most adverse events were mild or moderate and transient; the most common adverse event after cemdisiran treatment was injection-site reaction (41%). Conclusions These findings indicate that treatment with cemdisiran resulted in a reduction of proteinuria at week 32 and was well tolerated.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bauer, Ann Z., et al.
(författare)
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Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Endocrinology. - : Springer Nature. - 1759-5029 .- 1759-5037. ; 17, s. 757-766
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), otherwise known as acetaminophen) is the active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used by pregnant women as governmental agencies, including the FDA and EMA, have long considered APAP appropriate for use during pregnancy when used as directed. However, increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to APAP might alter fetal development, which could increase the risks of some neurodevelopmental, reproductive and urogenital disorders. Here we summarize this evidence and call for precautionary action through a focused research effort and by increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women. APAP is an important medication and alternatives for treatment of high fever and severe pain are limited. We recommend that pregnant women should be cautioned at the beginning of pregnancy to: forego APAP unless its use is medically indicated; consult with a physician or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether use is indicated and before using on a long-term basis; and minimize exposure by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. We suggest specific actions to implement these recommendations. This Consensus Statement reflects our concerns and is currently supported by 91 scientists, clinicians and public health professionals from across the globe. A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to paracetamol (APAP) might alter development and increase the risk of some reproductive, urogenital and neurodevelopmental disorders. This Consensus Statement calls for precautionary action, including a focused research effort, increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women and, whenever possible, minimizing use.
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| 21. |
- Bauer, Ann Z., et al.
(författare)
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Paracetamol Use During Pregnancy-A Call for Precautionary Action
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0029-7828 .- 1533-9866. ; 77:3, s. 133-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paracetamol, otherwise known as acetaminophen, is the active ingredient in over 600 prescription and nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic medications. Worldwide and in the United States, more than 50% and 65% of pregnant women use acetaminophen, respectively. Currently, acetaminophen is considered to be of minimal risk and appropriate for use during pregnancy by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Despite this, there exists concern that environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals including acetaminophen during fetal life may contribute to the increased rates of neurological, urogenital, and reproductive disorders.This consensus statement aimed to provide an evidence-based summary of the literature relating to neurological, urogenital, and reproductive outcomes that have been associated with maternal and perinatal use of acetaminophen. This consensus statement was created by an international multidisciplinary group consisting of experts in neurology, obstetrics/gynecologists, pediatrics, epidemiology, toxicology, endocrinology, reproductive medicine, and neurodevelopment. A literature review was conducted for studies published between 1995 and 2020, including only those with acetaminophen as an independent exposure. There is a limitation in the existing epidemiological literature addressing these questions, and future efforts are required.This consensus statement and systematic review finds evidence of significant neurodevelopmental and reproductive adverse effects of acetaminophen prenatal exposure, particularly with long-term use. It is recommended by this document that acetaminophen be used by pregnant women cautiously at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time and longer or higher-dose use be discussed with a health professional. It is also advised that packaging display warning labels related to the evidence discussed here.
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| 27. |
- Boström, Ullalena, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variation in sprouting capacity from intact rhizome systems of three perennial weeds.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Weed research (Print). - : Wiley. - 0043-1737 .- 1365-3180. ; 53:5, s. 387-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three rhizomatous perennials Elytrigia repens, Equisetum arvense and Tussilago farfara are all problematic in Scandinavian agriculture, due to their low susceptibility to soil cultivation. While repeated soil tillage is a fundamental part of the integrated control of these species, it is highly energy consuming and inefficient during periods when little sprout regrowth occurs. Substituting cultivation with mowing will reduce the environmental impact and labour costs, but its efficiency will still depend on the capacity of plants to sprout. Therefore, we studied the seasonal pattern in emergence and rhizome biomass allocation from July to April in six populations for each of the species. Plants were grown outdoors in pots buried in soil and exhumed at regular intervals in a two-year experiment. In all three species, biomass allocation to rhizomes continued until late in the autumn. Emergence was severely impaired in E.arvense and T.farfara in September-October, while in E.repens, there was no such reduction in the number of emerged shoots. However, in the latter species, the shoot/rhizome ratio decreased and remained low until the plants had been exposed to a period of low temperatures. The increase in shoot/rhizome ratio for E.repens coincided with the resumed capacity to emerge for E.arvense and T.farfara. These results imply that there is no need to repeat a defoliation of E.arvense and T.farfara, if carried out in September-October. However, removal of the aerial plant parts early in the autumn is important to interrupt the upload of storage compounds to the rhizome systems of all species.
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| 28. |
- Charalampous, P., et al.
(författare)
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Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies. Methods We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the grey literature supplemented by handsearching, for BoD studies. We included injury BoD studies that quantified the BoD expressed in YLL, YLD, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in countries within the European Region between early-1990 and mid-2021. Results We retrieved 2,914 results of which 48 performed an injury-specific BoD assessment. Single-country independent and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-linked injury BoD studies were performed in 11 European countries. Approximately 79% of injury BoD studies reported the BoD by external cause-of-injury. Most independent studies used the incidence-based approach to calculate YLDs. About half of the injury disease burden studies applied disability weights (DWs) developed by the GBD study. Almost all independent injury studies have determined YLL using national life tables. Conclusions Considerable methodological variation across independent injury BoD assessments was observed; differences were mainly apparent in the design choices and assumption parameters towards injury YLD calculations, implementation of DWs, and the choice of life table for YLL calculations. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting of injury BoD studies is crucial to enhance transparency and comparability of injury BoD estimates across Europe and beyond.
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| 29. |
- Chin, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of eplerenone on major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with systolic heart failure according to baseline heart rate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Clinical Research in Cardiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1861-0684 .- 1861-0692. ; 108:7, s. 806-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIncreased resting heart rate is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been shown to improve cardiac sympathetic nerve activity, reduce heart rate and attenuate left ventricular remodelling. Whether or not the beneficial effects of MRA are affected by heart rate in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) is unclear.MethodsWe undertook a secondary analysis of data from the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure study to assess if clinical outcomes, as well as the efficacy of eplerenone, varied according to heart rate at baseline.ResultsHigh resting heart rate of 80bpm and above predisposed patients to greater risk of all outcomes in the trial, regardless of treatment allocation. The beneficial effects of eplerenone were observed across all categories of heart rate. Eplerenone reduced the risk of primary endpoint, the composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalisation for heart failure, by 30% (aHR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54-0.91) in subjects with heart rate80bpm, and by 48% (aHR 0.52; 95% CI 0.33-0.81) in subjects with heart rate60bpm. Eplerenone also reduced the risks of hospitalisation for heart failure, cardiovascular deaths and all-cause deaths independently of baseline heart rate.ConclusionsBaseline heart rate appears to be an important predictor of major clinical outcome events in patients with HFREF, as has been previously reported. The benefits of eplerenone were preserved across all categories of baseline heart rate, without observed heterogeneity in the responses.
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| 31. |
- Cornford, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 Update. Part I: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent.
- 2024
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Ingår i: European urology. - 1873-7560.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Association of Urology (EAU)-European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)-European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP)-International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) guidelines provide recommendations for the management of clinically localised prostate cancer (PCa). This paper aims to present a summary of the 2024 version of the EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically localised PCa.The panel performed a literature review of all new data published in English, covering the time frame between May 2020 and 2023. The guidelines were updated, and a strength rating for each recommendation was added based on a systematic review of the evidence.A risk-adapted strategy for identifying men who may develop PCa is advised, generally commencing at 50yr of age and based on individualised life expectancy. The use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in order to avoid unnecessary biopsies is recommended. When a biopsy is considered, a combination of targeted and regional biopsies should be performed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography imaging is the most sensitive technique for identifying metastatic spread. Active surveillance is the appropriate management for men with low-risk PCa, as well as for selected favourable intermediate-risk patients with International Society of Urological Pathology grade group 2 lesions. Local therapies are addressed, as well as the management of persistent prostate-specific antigen after surgery. A recommendation to consider hypofractionation in intermediate-risk patients is provided. Patients with cN1 PCa should be offered a local treatment combined with long-term intensified hormonal treatment.The evidence in the field of diagnosis, staging, and treatment of localised PCa is evolving rapidly. These PCa guidelines reflect the multidisciplinary nature of PCa management.This article is the summary of the guidelines for "curable" prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is "found" through a multistep risk-based screening process. The objective is to find as many men as possible with a curable cancer. Prostate cancer is curable if it resides in the prostate; it is then classified into low-, intermediary-, and high-risk localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. These risk classes are the basis of the treatments. Low-risk prostate cancer is treated with "active surveillance", a treatment with excellent prognosis. For low-intermediary-risk active surveillance should also be discussed as an option. In other cases, active treatments, surgery, or radiation treatment should be discussed along with the potential side effects to allow shared decision-making.
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| 33. |
- Daley, Jason R., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a deep learning algorithm for provision of a South Western Sydney diabetes retinal screening service
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1442-6404 .- 1442-9071. ; 49:8, s. 805-805
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is highly prevalent in the multi-ethnic and low socioeconomic population of South Western Sydney. This is a significant public health burden, demanding efficient and cost-effective diabetes retinal screening. The multi-centre South Western Eye and Diabetes Deep Learning Algorithm study, supported by an Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia grant, aims to develop and validate a novel deep learning algorithm, capable of grading DR, for a new diabetes retinal screening service. This abstract evaluates the performance of the Diabetic retinopathy OCT Open souRce Artificial Intelligence (Doctor AI©SK) program.Methods: Doctor AI analyses fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images simultaneously to grade diabetic retinopathy. It was trained with over 50,000 fundus photographs and 8000 OCT scans, using a combination of Australasian and publicly available datasets. As a screening tool, the algorithm's operating point was optimised for sensitivity and negative predictive value, and its performance reevaluated. Clinical validation is being undertaken in the recruited population at each study site.Results: For the detection of diabetic macula oedema from OCT images, Doctor AI achieved a 96.8% sensitivity, 98.1% specificity and 97.5% accuracy. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.996. For the diagnosis of DR from fundus photographs, Doctor AI achieved a 90.4% sensitivity, 96.8% specificity and 88.9% accuracy. Preliminary clinical validation revealed an accuracy of 89% and 85% for the OCT and fundus photograph modules of the algorithm, respectively.Conclusion: Doctor AI is a unique deep learning algorithm capable of diagnosing DR and diabetic macula oedema with high sensitivity and accuracy.
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| 36. |
- De Leoz, M. L. A., et al.
(författare)
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NIST Interlaboratory Study on Glycosylation Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies: Comparison of Results from Diverse Analytical Methods
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476. ; 19:1, s. 11-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A broad-based interlaboratory study of glycosylation profiles of a reference and modified IgG antibody involving 103 reports from 76 laboratories. Glycosylation is a topic of intense current interest in the development of biopharmaceuticals because it is related to drug safety and efficacy. This work describes results of an interlaboratory study on the glycosylation of the Primary Sample (PS) of NISTmAb, a monoclonal antibody reference material. Seventy-six laboratories from industry, university, research, government, and hospital sectors in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia submitted a total of 103 reports on glycan distributions. The principal objective of this study was to report and compare results for the full range of analytical methods presently used in the glycosylation analysis of mAbs. Therefore, participation was unrestricted, with laboratories choosing their own measurement techniques. Protein glycosylation was determined in various ways, including at the level of intact mAb, protein fragments, glycopeptides, or released glycans, using a wide variety of methods for derivatization, separation, identification, and quantification. Consequently, the diversity of results was enormous, with the number of glycan compositions identified by each laboratory ranging from 4 to 48. In total, one hundred sixteen glycan compositions were reported, of which 57 compositions could be assigned consensus abundance values. These consensus medians provide community-derived values for NISTmAb PS. Agreement with the consensus medians did not depend on the specific method or laboratory type. The study provides a view of the current state-of-the-art for biologic glycosylation measurement and suggests a clear need for harmonization of glycosylation analysis methods.
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| 37. |
- Delios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples.
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| 38. |
- Dimakakos, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
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Thromboembolic Disease in Patients With Cancer and COVID-19 : Risk Factors, Prevention and Practical Thromboprophylaxis Recommendations-State-of-the-Art
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - : Anticancer Research USA Inc.. - 1791-7530 .- 0250-7005. ; 42:7, s. 3261-3274
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer and COVID-19 are both well-established risk factors predisposing to thrombosis. Both disease entities are correlated with increased incidence of venous thrombotic events through multifaceted pathogenic mechanisms involving the interaction of cancer cells or SARS-CoV2 on the one hand and the coagulation system and endothelial cells on the other hand. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for hospitalized patients with active cancer and high-risk outpatients with cancer receiving anticancer treatment. Universal thromboprophylaxis with a high prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) or therapeutic dose in select patients, is currentlyindicated for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Also, prophylactic anticoagulation is recommended for outpatients with COVID-19 at high risk for thrombosis or disease worsening. However, whether there is an additive risk of thrombosis when a patient with cancer is infected with SARS-CoV2 remains unclear In the current review, we summarize and critically discuss the literature regarding the epidemiology of thrombotic events in patients with cancer and concomitant COVID-19, the thrombotic risk assessment, and the recommendations on thromboprophylaxis for this subgroup of patients. Current data do not support an additive thrombotic risk for patients with cancer and COVID-19. Of note, patients with cancer have less access to intensive care unit care, a setting associated with high thrombotic risk. Based on current evidence, patients with cancer and COVID-19 should be assessed with well-established risk assessment models for medically ill patients and receive thromboprophylaxis, preferentially with LMWH, according to existing recommendations. Prospective trials on well-characterized populations do not exist.
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| 39. |
- Dowsey, Michelle M., et al.
(författare)
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The association between radiographic severity and pre-operative function in patients undergoing primary knee replacement for osteoarthritis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Knee. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5800. ; 19:6, s. 860-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the association between radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and pre-operative function in patients undergoing primary knee replacement. Methods: Single centre study examining pre-operative outcomes in a consecutive series of 525 patients who underwent primary knee replacement for OA between January 2006 and December 2007. Pre-operative data included: demographics, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status and OA in the contralateral knee. The International Knee Society (IKS) rating and Short Form-12 (SF-12) were recorded for each patient. Pre-operative radiographs were read by a single observer for Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grading and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) atlas features. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the strength of associations between radiographic OA severity and function, adjusting for clinically relevant variables. Results: Lateral tibiofemoral osteophyte grade was an independent predictor of pre-operative function as determined by the functional sub-scale of the IKS in patients undergoing primary knee replacement (coefficient = 2.58, p = 0.033). No associations were evident between pre-operative function and modified K&L, joint space narrowing, Ahlback attrition and coronal plane deformity. Other statistically significant predictors of poorer pre-operative function included: advancing age, female gender, knee pain and poorer SF-12 mental component summary scores which including osteophyte grade accounted for 24.6% of the variation in functional scores, (r = 0.496). Conclusion: Osteophytes in the lateral compartment of the knee were associated with pre-operative function in patients with advanced knee OA. Further studies are required which examine individual radiographic features specifically in patients with advanced knee OA to determine their relationship to pre-operative pain and function. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gerhardt, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Polarization-dependent light-matter coupling and highly indistinguishable resonant fluorescence photons from quantum dot-micropillar cavities with elliptical cross section
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 100:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the optical properties of coupled quantum dot-microcavity systems with an elliptical cross section. First, we develop an analytic model that describes the spectrum of the cavity modes that are split due to the reduced symmetry of the resonator. By coupling the quantum dot (QD) emission to the polarized fundamental cavity modes, we observe the vectorial nature of the Purcell enhancement, which depends on the intrinsic polarization of the quantum dot and its relative alignment with respect to the cavity axis. The variable interaction strength of the QD with the polarized cavity modes leads to the observation of strong and weak coupling. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of elliptical micropillars to emit single and highly indistinguishable photons (visibility of 87%).
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| 44. |
- Gerotziafas, GT, et al.
(författare)
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Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine
- 2020
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Ingår i: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2567-689X .- 0340-6245. ; 120:12, s. 1597-1628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.
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| 45. |
- Goni, Maria Fernanda Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
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The ACER pollen and charcoal database : a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period
- 2017
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 9:2, s. 679-695
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st-century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D-O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here, we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database, which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73-15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (C-14, U-234/Th-230, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), Ar-40/Ar-39-dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts, and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes and is archived in Microsoft Access (TM) at https://doi. org/10.1594/PANGAEA. 870867.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Gremel, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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A prognosis based classification of undifferentiated uterine sarcomas : Identification of mitotic index, hormone receptors and YWHAE-FAM22 translocation status as predictors of survival
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 136:7, s. 1608-1618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (UUS) are rare tumors with a heterologous biology and a poor prognosis. The goal of this study was to examine clinicopathology, biomarkers and YWHAE-FAM22 translocation status, in the prognosis of these tumors. Twenty-six cases of UUS were included. All original slides were rereviewed and age at diagnosis, tumor stage, Kurihara diagnosis, mitotic index, presence of necrosis and grade of nuclear atypia were recorded. Additionally, a tissue microarray was constructed from 22 of the cases, and the protein biomarkers P53, P16, Ki-67, Cyclin-D1, ER, PR and ANLN were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. All tumors were evaluated for the presence of a YWHAE-FAM translocation; the translocation was demonstrated in the three Cyclin-D1 positive tumors. Follow-up data in the form of overall survival were available on all patients. These tumors could be divided into two prognostic groups, a high mitotic index group (10 cases, M=36.8, SD=5.4) and a low mitotic index group (16 cases, M=8.7, SD=5.8). These two groups showed a statistically significant difference in prognosis. The expression of ER, PR or presence of the YWHAE-FAM22 translocation correlated with low mitotic index and an additionally improved prognosis, although the number of cases was small. These results indicate that UUS can be divided into two prognostic groups using mitotic index as a primary criteria, followed by expression of either ER, PR or the presence of a YWHAE-FAM22 translocation as a secondary criteria. This study demonstrates the presence of statistically significant prognostic subgroups within UUS, and provides treatment insights.
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| 48. |
- Haugg, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Can we predict real-time fMRI neurofeedback learning success from pretraining brain activity?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 41:14, s. 3839-3854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurofeedback training has been shown to influence behavior in healthy participants as well as to alleviate clinical symptoms in neurological, psychosomatic, and psychiatric patient populations. However, many real-time fMRI neurofeedback studies report large inter-individual differences in learning success. The factors that cause this vast variability between participants remain unknown and their identification could enhance treatment success. Thus, here we employed a meta-analytic approach including data from 24 different neurofeedback studies with a total of 401 participants, including 140 patients, to determine whether levels of activity in target brain regions during pretraining functional localizer or no-feedback runs (i.e., self-regulation in the absence of neurofeedback) could predict neurofeedback learning success. We observed a slightly positive correlation between pretraining activity levels during a functional localizer run and neurofeedback learning success, but we were not able to identify common brain-based success predictors across our diverse cohort of studies. Therefore, advances need to be made in finding robust models and measures of general neurofeedback learning, and in increasing the current study database to allow for investigating further factors that might influence neurofeedback learning.
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| 49. |
- Haugg, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of real-time fMRI neurofeedback performance and improvement - A machine learning mega-analysis.
- 2021
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time fMRI neurofeedback is an increasingly popular neuroimaging technique that allows an individual to gain control over his/her own brain signals, which can lead to improvements in behavior in healthy participants as well as to improvements of clinical symptoms in patient populations. However, a considerably large ratio of participants undergoing neurofeedback training do not learn to control their own brain signals and, consequently, do not benefit from neurofeedback interventions, which limits clinical efficacy of neurofeedback interventions. As neurofeedback success varies between studies and participants, it is important to identify factors that might influence neurofeedback success. Here, for the first time, we employed a big data machine learning approach to investigate the influence of 20 different design-specific (e.g. activity vs. connectivity feedback), region of interest-specific (e.g. cortical vs. subcortical) and subject-specific factors (e.g. age) on neurofeedback performance and improvement in 608 participants from 28 independent experiments. With a classification accuracy of 60% (considerably different from chance level), we identified two factors that significantly influenced neurofeedback performance: Both the inclusion of a pre-training no-feedback run before neurofeedback training and neurofeedback training of patients as compared to healthy participants were associated with better neurofeedback performance. The positive effect of pre-training no-feedback runs on neurofeedback performance might be due to the familiarization of participants with the neurofeedback setup and the mental imagery task before neurofeedback training runs. Better performance of patients as compared to healthy participants might be driven by higher motivation of patients, higher ranges for the regulation of dysfunctional brain signals, or a more extensive piloting of clinical experimental paradigms. Due to the large heterogeneity of our dataset, these findings likely generalize across neurofeedback studies, thus providing guidance for designing more efficient neurofeedback studies specifically for improving clinical neurofeedback-based interventions. To facilitate the development of data-driven recommendations for specific design details and subpopulations the field would benefit from stronger engagement in open science research practices and data sharing.
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| 50. |
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