| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bjursell, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Opposing effects of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 on energy metabolism
- 2007
-
Ingår i: DIABETES. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 56:3, s. 583-593
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and influences the risk for developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin binds to two different seven-transmembrane domain receptors termed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. To study the physiological importance of these receptors, AdipoR1 gene knockout mice (AdipoR1−/−) and AdipoR2 gene knockout mice (AdipoR2−/−) were generated. AdipoR1−/− mice showed increased adiposity associated with decreased glucose tolerance, spontaneous locomotor activity, and energy expenditure. However, AdipoR2−/− mice were lean and resistant to high-fat diet–induced obesity associated with improved glucose tolerance and higher spontaneous locomotor activity and energy expenditure and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. Thus, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are clearly involved in energy metabolism but have opposing effects.
|
|
| 4. |
- Breznau, Nate, et al.
(författare)
-
Observing many researchers using the same data and hypothesis reveals a hidden universe of uncertainty
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores how researchers analytical choices affect the reliability of scientific findings. Most discussions of reliability problems in science focus on systematic biases. We broaden the lens to emphasize the idiosyncrasy of conscious and unconscious decisions that researchers make during data analysis. We coordinated 161 researchers in 73 research teams and observed their research decisions as they used the same data to independently test the same prominent social science hypothesis: that greater immigration reduces support for social policies among the public. In this typical case of social science research, research teams reported both widely diverging numerical findings and substantive conclusions despite identical start conditions. Researchers expertise, prior beliefs, and expectations barely predict the wide variation in research outcomes. More than 95% of the total variance in numerical results remains unexplained even after qualitative coding of all identifiable decisions in each teams workflow. This reveals a universe of uncertainty that remains hidden when considering a single study in isolation. The idiosyncratic nature of how researchers results and conclusions varied is a previously underappreciated explanation for why many scientific hypotheses remain contested. These results call for greater epistemic humility and clarity in reporting scientific findings.
|
|
| 5. |
- Costa, Raquel, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional differences in the quality of maternal and neonatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal : Results from the IMAgiNE EURO study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 159:S1, s. 137-153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare women's perspectives on the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around the time of childbirth across Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics 2 (NUTS-II) regions in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Women participating in the cross-sectional IMAgiNE EURO study who gave birth in Portugal from March 1, 2020, to October 28, 2021, completed a structured questionnaire with 40 key WHO standards-based quality measures. Four domains of QMNC were assessed: (1) provision of care; (2) experience of care; (3) availability of human and physical resources; and (4) reorganizational changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequencies for each quality measure within each QMNC domain were computed overall and by region. Results: Out of 1845 participants, one-third (33.7%) had a cesarean. Examples of high-quality care included: low frequencies of lack of early breastfeeding and rooming-in (8.0% and 7.7%, respectively) and informal payment (0.7%); adequate staff professionalism (94.6%); adequate room comfort and equipment (95.2%). However, substandard practices with large heterogeneity across regions were also reported. Among women who experienced labor, the percentage of instrumental vaginal births ranged from 22.3% in the Algarve to 33.5% in Center; among these, fundal pressure ranged from 34.8% in Lisbon to 66.7% in Center. Episiotomy was performed in 39.3% of noninstrumental vaginal births with variations between 31.8% in the North to 59.8% in Center. One in four women reported inadequate breastfeeding support (26.1%, ranging from 19.4% in Algarve to 31.5% in Lisbon). One in five reported no exclusive breastfeeding at discharge (22.1%; 19.5% in Lisbon to 28.2% in Algarve). Conclusion: Urgent actions are needed to harmonize QMNC and reduce inequities across regions in Portugal.
|
|
| 6. |
- Drandić, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
-
Women's perspectives on the quality of hospital maternal and newborn care around the time of childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic : Results from the IMAgiNE EURO study in Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 159:S1, s. 54-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) in countries of the former Yugoslavia. Method: Women giving birth in a facility in Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina between March 1, 2020 and July 1, 2021 answered an online questionnaire including 40 WHO standards-based quality measures. Results: A total of 4817 women were included in the analysis. Significant differences were observed across countries. Among those experiencing labor, 47.4%–62.3% of women perceived a reduction in QMNC due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 40.1%–69.7% experienced difficulties in accessing routine antenatal care, 60.3%–98.1% were not allowed a companion of choice, 17.4%–39.2% reported that health workers were not always using personal protective equipment, and 21.2%–53.8% rated the number of health workers as insufficient. Episiotomy was performed in 30.9%–62.8% of spontaneous vaginal births. Additionally, 22.6%–55.9% of women received inadequate breastfeeding support, 21.5%–62.8% reported not being treated with dignity, 11.0%–30.5% suffered abuse, and 0.7%–26.5% made informal payments. Multivariate analyses confirmed significant differences among countries, with Slovenia showing the highest QMNC index, followed by Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Serbia. Conclusion: Differences in QMNC among the countries of the former Yugoslavia during the COVID-19 pandemic were significant. Activities to promote high-quality, evidence-based, respectful care for all mothers and newborns are urgently needed. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04847336.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- James, Tojo, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of genetic risk loci for multiple sclerosis on expression of proximal genes in patients
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 27:5, s. 912-928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite advancements in genetic studies, it is difficult to understand and characterize the functional relevance of disease-associated genetic variants, especially in the context of a complex multifactorial disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS). As a large proportion of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are context-specific, we performed RNA-Seq in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients (n = 145) to identify eQTLs in regions centered on 109 MS risk single nucleotide polymorphisms and 7 associated human leukocyte antigen variants. We identified 77 statistically significant eQTL associations, including pseudogenes and non-coding RNAs. Thirty-eight out of 40 testable eQTL effects were colocalized with the disease association signal. As many eQTLs are tissue specific, we aimed to detail their significance in different cell types. Approximately 70% of the eQTLs were replicated and characterized in at least one major peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived cell type. Furthermore, 40% of eQTLs were found to be more pronounced in MS patients compared with non-inflammatory neurological diseases patients. In addition, we found two single nucleotide polymorphisms to be significantly associated with the proportions of three different cell types. Mapping to enhancer histone marks and predicted transcription factor binding sites added additional functional evidence for eight eQTL regions. As an example, we found that rs71624119, shared with three other autoimmune diseases and located in a primed enhancer (H3K4me1) with potential binding for STAT transcription factors, significantly associates with ANKRD55 expression. This study provides many novel and validated targets for future functional characterization of MS and other diseases.
|
|
| 9. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lazzerini, Marzia, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of facility-based maternal and newborn care around the time of childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic : online survey investigating maternal perspectives in 12 countries of the WHO European Region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet regional health. Europe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7762. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multi-country studies assessing the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as defined by WHO Standards, are lacking.Methods: Women who gave birth in 12 countries of the WHO European Region from March 1, 2020 - March 15, 2021 answered an online questionnaire, including 40 WHO Standard-based Quality Measures.Findings: 21,027 mothers were included in the analysis. Among those who experienced labour (N=18,063), 41·8% (26·1%- 63·5%) experienced difficulties in accessing antenatal care, 62% (12·6%-99·0%) were not allowed a companion of choice, 31·1% (16·5%-56·9%) received inadequate breastfeeding support, 34·4% (5·2%-64·8%) reported that health workers were not always using protective personal equipment, and 31·8% (17·8%-53·1%) rated the health workers' number as "insufficient". Episiotomy was performed in 20·1% (6·1%-66·0%) of spontaneous vaginal births and fundal pressure applied in 41·2% (11·5% -100%) of instrumental vaginal births. In addition, 23·9% women felt they were not treated with dignity (12·8%-59·8%), 12·5% (7·0%-23·4%) suffered abuse, and 2·4% (0·1%-26·2%) made informal payments. Most findings were significantly worse among women with prelabour caesarean birth (N=2,964). Multivariate analyses confirmed significant differences among countries, with Croatia, Romania, Serbia showing significant lower QMNC Indexes and Luxemburg showing a significantly higher QMNC Index than the total sample. Younger women and those with operative births also reported significantly lower QMNC Indexes.Interpretation: Mothers reports revealed large inequities in QMNC across countries of the WHO European Region. Quality improvement initiatives to reduce these inequities and promote evidence-based, patient-centred respectful care for all mothers and newborns during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond are urgently needed.Funding: The study was financially supported by the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04847336.
|
|
| 11. |
- Lindahl, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
-
IL-22 Binding Protein Promotes the Disease Process in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 203:4, s. 888-898
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have mapped the specific sequence variants that predispose for multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie these associations could be leveraged to develop safer and more effective MS treatments but are still poorly understood. In this article, we study the genetic risk variant rs17066096 and the candidate gene that encodes IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), an antagonist molecule of the cytokine IL-22. We show that monocytes from carriers of the risk genotype of rs17066096 express more IL-22BP in vitro and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-22BP correlate with MS lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging. We confirm the pathogenicity of IL-22BP in both rat and mouse models of MS and go on to suggest a pathogenic mechanism involving lack of IL-22-mediated inhibition of T cell-derived IFN-gamma expression. Our results demonstrate a pathogenic role of IL-22BP in three species with a potential mechanism of action involving T cell polarization, suggesting a therapeutic potential of IL-22 in the context of MS.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Lindén, Daniel, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Pnpla3 silencing with antisense oligonucleotides ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in Pnpla3 I148M knock-in mice.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Molecular metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 22:April, s. 49-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a leading cause of advanced chronic liver disease. The progression of NAFLD, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a strong genetic component, and the most robust contributor is the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 encoding the 148M protein sequence variant. We hypothesized that suppressing the expression of the PNPLA3 148M mutant protein would exert a beneficial effect on the entire spectrum of NAFLD.We examined the effects of liver-targeted GalNAc3-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated silencing of Pnpla3 in a knock-in mouse model in which we introduced the human PNPLA3 I148M mutation.ASO-mediated silencing of Pnpla3 reduced liver steatosis (p=0.038) in homozygous Pnpla3 148M/M knock-in mutant mice but not in wild-type littermates fed a steatogenic high-sucrose diet. In mice fed a NASH-inducing diet, ASO-mediated silencing of Pnpla3 reduced liver steatosis score and NAFLD activity score independent of the Pnpla3 genotype, while reductions in liver inflammation score (p=0.018) and fibrosis stage (p=0.031) were observed only in the Pnpla3 knock-in 148M/M mutant mice. These responses were accompanied by reduced liver levels of Mcp1 (p=0.026) and Timp2 (p=0.007) specifically in the mutant knock-in mice. This may reduce levels of chemokine attracting inflammatory cells and increase the collagenolytic activity during tissue regeneration.This study provides the first evidence that a Pnpla3 ASO therapy can improve all features of NAFLD, including liver fibrosis, and suppress the expression of a strong innate genetic risk factor, Pnpla3 148M, which may open up a precision medicine approach in NASH.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lindén, Magdalena
(författare)
-
Studies of risk loci in multiple sclerosis
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is one of the most common causes of neurological disability among young adults. While the etiology is unknown, an increasing number of environmental and genetic risk factors is being identified. The major contribution to the genetic risk in MS is by alleles of HLA genes, with the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele being the strongest risk factor. At present also more than 100 non-HLA loci have been identified. The main objective of the research presented in this thesis was to study genetic variants and their contribution to MS risk. In Paper I we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorhisms (SNPs) in the region including the IL21 gene, associated with other inflammatory diseases, also contribute to an increased risk for MS. Our results confirmed that this locus does most probably not have a strong effect, if any, on MS risk. In Paper II we studied protein levels of the CXCL13 chemokine as measured in the cerebrospinal fluid in relation to a number of MS-associated genetic variants. We found that the risk genotypes of HLA-DRB1*15:01 as well as SNPs in the regions of the IRF5, OLIG3/TNFAIP3 and RGS1 genes were associated with increased levels of CXCL13 which has also been suggested as a biomarker for a more severe disease course of relapsing-remitting MS. In Paper III we performed an analysis of gene-gene interactions between the currently established risk loci in MS and found three pairs of interacting variants with significant interaction effects that departed from additivity of the separate effects of the single variants. We found interactions between HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, the risk allele of rs6677309 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, as well as the risk allele of rs7196953 and HLA-DRB1*03:01. The findings suggest that these pairs of risk factors are involved in the same sufficient causes for MS. In Paper IV we studied cis-regulation of gene expression by MS associated loci and found several expression quantitative loci in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We replicated some of them in lymphoblastic cell lines, and observed that one of the eQTLs was also active in CD19+, and another in CD4+ cells. Replications and functional experiments are needed in order to take the results presented in this thesis further in the search for biological pathways involved in MS disease mechanisms.
|
|
| 15. |
- Morrison, Kathleen D., et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping past human land use using archaeological data : A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization
- 2021
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
|
|
| 16. |
- Petersson, Jöran, et al.
(författare)
-
Teaching dimensional analysis in secondary school mathematics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Abstract book nofa8. - : Western Norway University of Applied Sciences.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- AbstractIn its elementary form, the idea of dimensional analysis is to look at the unit of a magnitude, for example speed, and conclude that speed measured in m/s is a quotient having meters in the numerator and seconds in the denominator. However, despite dimensional analysis being a not un-common theme for research in mathematics education at tertiary level teaching, it seems in practice absent below that level. This is surprising since dimensional analysis is useful in mathematical problem solving involving proportionality. Even more so since, from halves and doubles in preschool to scalar multiplication in upper secondary school, proportionality permeates school mathematics and is well-researched (Lamon, 2007). Hence, the authors initiated a research project on how to teach dimensional analysis in school years 6-12. The novelty of this area made us choose didactical engineering (Artigue, 2015) as a theoretical framework suitable for developing the teaching of dimensional analysis. Accordingly, in a cycle of a priori and a posteriori analyses, the authors are developing an empirically based teaching model for dimensional analysis including the topic of constructing exercises for students. We present results from this on-going development project. ReferencesArtigue, M. (2015). Perspectives on Design Research: The Case of Didactical Engineering. In A. Bikner-Ahsbahs, C. Knipping, N. Presmeg. (Eds.). Approaches to Qualitative Research in Mathematics Education. Dordrecht: Springer.Lamon, S. J. (2007). Rational numbers and proportional reasoning: Towards a theoretical framework. In F.K. Lester (red) Second handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning, vol 2 (pp. 629–668). Charlotte, NC: NCTM.
|
|
| 17. |
- Pumpure, Elizabete, et al.
(författare)
-
Womenʼs perspectives on the quality of maternal and newborn care in childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia : Results from the IMAgiNE EURO study on 40 WHO standards-based quality measures
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 0020-7292 .- 1879-3479. ; 159:S1, s. 97-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate women's perspectives on the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around the time of childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia, comparing the years 2020 and 2021, among women who went into labor or had a prelabor cesarean. Methods: Women giving birth in healthcare facilities in Latvia from March 1, 2020, to October 28, 2021, answered an online questionnaire including 40 WHO standards-based quality measures. Descriptive and multivariate quantile regression analyses were performed to compare QMNC in 2020 and 2021. Results: 2079 women were included in the analysis: 1860 women who went into labor (group 1) and 219 with prelabor cesarean (group 2). Among group 1, 66.4% (n = 99/149) of women received fundal pressure in an instrumental vaginal birth, 43.5% (n = 810) lacked involvement in choices, 17.4% (n = 317) reported suffering abuse, 32.7% (n = 609) reported inadequate breastfeeding support while 5.2% (n = 96) lack of early breastfeeding. A significant reduction in QMNC due to the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by 29.5% (n = 219) and 25.0% (n = 270) of respondents in 2020 and 2021, respectively (P = 0.045). Multivariate analyses highlighted a significantly lower QMNC index for 2020 compared with 2021 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This first study investigating QMNC in Latvia showed significant gaps in QMNC perceived by respondents, with slightly better results in 2021. Appropriate healthcare strategies to improve health care for women and newborns in Latvia are required. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04847336.
|
|
| 18. |
- Raivio, Magdalena, 1972-
(författare)
-
Gudinnefeminister : Monica Sjöös och Starhawks berättande - subjektskonstruktion, idéinnehåll och feministiska affiniteter
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the discursive position of 'goddess feminism', in relation to some of the difference- and eco feminist positions from the1960s and until today. In focus are the texts of the two goddess feminists, Monica Sjöö and Starhawk. The thesis contributes to a historiographical (re)situating of their political and religious narratives. It also contributes to an elaborated understanding of these goddess feminists and the goddess feminist discourse they are part of. The tentative feminist figuration 'the goddess identified feminist’ is articulated as a tool to discuss the religious and political discourse of goddess feminists as part of contemporary feminist and environmental political conversations and practices.Donna Haraway’s and Karen Barad’s post humanist theoretical interventions are used to explore and discuss the affinities between goddess feminists (re)negotiation of the subject/s 'goddess/nature/human' – and the (re)negotiation of 'nature/human’ made by new materialist/post humanist difference- and eco feminists of the 2000s. Rosi Braidotti’s writings on sexual difference, becoming and feminist figurations further informs the conclusions drawn in the thesis.Drawing on the methodological approaches of Clare Hemmings and Mieke Bal in the analysis of story-telling and subject construction, a contribution is also made, to the understanding of how story-telling as part of a discourse, produces meaning and asymmetric subject relations. In particular the thesis shows how a compassionate feminist storytelling involuntarily produces subject positions through, essentialist dualisms, hierarchical ordering and othering. In parallel, the thesis also discusses alternative narrative strategies that focus on both the discursive boarders and affinities.
|
|
| 19. |
- Sundqvist, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of replication of interaction between EBNA1 IgG and smoking in risk for multiple sclerosis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Neurology. - 0028-3878 .- 1526-632X. ; 79:13, s. 1363-1368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Epstein-Barr virus infection, smoking, HLA-A*02, and DRB1*15 have all been proposed as risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). In 2010, Simon et al. described an interaction on the multiplicative scale between EBNA1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and smoking regarding risk of MS, a finding that we attempted to replicate. Methods: This Swedish case-control study consisted of patients with newly diagnosed MS and matched controls. Using logistic regression, we analyzed association to MS risk and interactions between EBNA1 IgG and smoking, HLA-DRB1*15, and A*02, respectively, on the multiplicative scale. In addition, we analyzed interactions on the additive scale using attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). Results: We did not observe any interaction on the multiplicative scale between EBNA1 IgG and any of the 3 risk factors, smoking, DRB1*15, or absence of A*02, although in a conditional analysis the interaction with absence of A*02 becomes significant. However, we observed interactions on the additive scale between EBNA1 IgG and DRB1*15 (AP = 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.57, p = 5 x 10(-3)) and between EBNA1 IgG and absence of A*02 (AP = 0.36, 0.13-0.59, p = 2 x 10(-3)) but not between smoking and DRB1*15 and EBNA1 IgG. The interaction between EBNA1 IgG and DRB1*15 was not significant in the conditional analysis. Conclusion: We did not observe any interaction between EBNA1 IgG and smoking, regardless of scale used, and thus did not replicate the observations from Simon et al. Neurology (R) 2012;79:1363-1368
|
|
| 20. |
- Valente, Emanuelle Pessa, et al.
(författare)
-
WHO Standards-based questionnaire to measure health workers' perspective on the quality of care around the time of childbirth in the WHO European region : development and mixed-methods validation in six countries
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Develop and validate a WHO Standards-based online questionnaire to measure the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) around the time of childbirth from the health workers' perspective.DESIGN: Mixed-methods study.SETTING: Six countries of the WHO European Region.PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The questionnaire is based on lessons learnt in previous studies, and was developed in three sequential phases: (1) WHO Quality Measures were prioritised and content, construct and face validity were assessed through a Delphi involving a multidisciplinary board of experts from 11 countries of the WHO European Region; (2) translation/back translation of the English version was conducted following The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research guidelines; (3) internal consistency, intrarater reliability and acceptability were assessed among 600 health workers in six countries.RESULTS: The questionnaire included 40 items based on WHO Standards Quality Measures, equally divided into four domains: provision of care, experience of care, availability of human and physical resources, organisational changes due to COVID-19; and its organised in six sections. It was translated/back translated in 12 languages: Bosnian, Croatian, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish. The Cronbach's alpha values were ≥0.70 for each questionnaire section where questions were hypothesised to be interrelated, indicating good internal consistence. Cohen K or Gwet's AC1 values were ≥0.60, suggesting good intrarater reliability, except for one question. Acceptability was good with only 1.70% of health workers requesting minimal changes in question wording.CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the questionnaire has good content, construct, face validity, internal consistency, intrarater reliability and acceptability in six countries of the WHO European Region. Future studies may further explore the questionnaire's use in other countries, and how to translate evidence generated by this tool into policies to improve the QMNC.TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04847336.
|
|
