| 1. |
- Keller, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide DNA promoter methylation and transcriptome analysis in human adipose tissue unravels novel candidate genes for obesity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 6:1, s. 86-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective/methods DNA methylation plays an important role in obesity and related metabolic complications. We examined genome-wide DNA promoter methylation along with mRNA profiles in paired samples of human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and omental visceral adipose tissue (OVAT) from non-obese vs. obese individuals. Results We identified negatively correlated methylation and expression of several obesity-associated genes in our discovery dataset and in silico replicated ETV6 in two independent cohorts. Further, we identified six adipose tissue depot-specific genes (HAND2, HOXC6, PPARG, SORBS2, CD36, and CLDN1). The effects were further supported in additional independent cohorts. Our top hits might play a role in adipogenesis and differentiation, obesity, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue expandability. Finally, we show that in vitro methylation of SORBS2 directly represses gene expression. Conclusions Taken together, our data show distinct tissue specific epigenetic alterations which associate with obesity.
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| 2. |
- Antonelli, Alexandre, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research
- 2018
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 2018:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our understanding of the origin and diversification of many Neotropical taxa and biotic regions, many questions remain to be answered. Additional biological and geological data are still needed, as well as methodological advances that are capable of bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students and early-career scientists, we introduce the concept of "trans-disciplinary biogeography," which refers to the integration of data from multiple areas of research in biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) and Earth and the physical sciences (e.g., geology, climatology, palaeontology), as a means to reconstruct the giant puzzle of Neotropical biodiversity and evolution in space and time. We caution against extrapolating results derived from the study of one or a few taxa to convey general scenarios of Neotropical evolution and landscape formation. We urge more coordination and integration of data and ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, as a basis for advancing tomorrow's ground-breaking research. Our review highlights the great opportunities for studying the Neotropical biota to understand the evolution of life.
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| 3. |
- Lohmann, C, et al.
(författare)
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Atherosclerotic mice exhibit systemic inflammation in periadventitial and visceral adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic islets.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 207:2, s. 360-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of major conduit arteries. Similarly, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with accumulation of macrophages in visceral white adipose tissue and pancreatic islets. Our goal was to characterize systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis with hypercholesterolemia, but without obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared 22-week-old apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) with wild-type mice kept for 14 weeks on a high cholesterol (1.25%) diet (CD, n=8) and 8-week-old ApoE(-/-) with wild-type mice kept on a normal diet (ND, n=8). Hypercholesterolemic, atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mice on CD exhibited increased macrophages and T-cells in plaques and periadventitial adipose tissue that revealed elevated expression of MIP-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor, and IL-6. Mesenteric adipose tissue and pancreatic islets in ApoE(-/-) mice showed increased macrophages. Expression of IL-1beta was enhanced in mesenteric adipose tissue of ApoE(-/-) mice on CD. Furthermore, these mice exhibited steatohepatitis with macrophage and T-cell infiltrations as well as increased MIP-1alpha and IL-1 receptor expression. Blood glucose, insulin and total body weight did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In hypercholesterolemic lean ApoE(-/-) mice, inflammation extends beyond atherosclerotic plaques to the periadventitial and visceral adipose tissue, liver, and pancreatic islets without affecting glucose homeostasis.
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| 4. |
- Pfeiffer, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell activation at the shoot apical meristem
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major feature of embryogenesis is the specification of stem cell systems, but in contrast to the situation in most animals, plant stem cells remain quiescent until the postembryonic phase of development. Here, we dissect how light and metabolic signals are integrated to overcome stem cell dormancy at the shoot apical meristem. We show on the one hand that light is able to activate expression of the stem cell inducer WUSCHEL independently of photosynthesis and that this likely involves inter-regional cytokinin signaling. Metabolic signals, on the other hand, are transduced to the meristem through activation of the TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase. Surprisingly, TOR is also required for light signal dependent stem cell activation. Thus, the TOR kinase acts as a central integrator of light and metabolic signals and a key regulator of stem cell activation at the shoot apex.
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| 5. |
- von Lukowicz, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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PARP1 is required for adhesion molecule expression in atherogenesis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0008-6363 .- 1755-3245. ; 78:1, s. 158-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in Western societies and a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the key mediators linking recruitment of inflammatory cells to atherogenesis remain poorly defined. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a nuclear enzyme, which plays a role in acute inflammatory diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to test the role of PARP in atherogenesis, we applied chronic pharmacological PARP inhibition or genetic PARP1 deletion in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and measured plaque formation, adhesion molecules, and features of plaque vulnerability. After 12 weeks of high-cholesterol diet, plaque formation in male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice was decreased by chronic inhibition of enzymatic PARP activity or genetic deletion of PARP1 by 46 or 51%, respectively (P < 0.05, n >or= 9). PARP inhibition or PARP1 deletion reduced PARP activity and diminished expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and P- and E-selectin. Furthermore, chronic PARP inhibition reduced plaque macrophage (CD68) and T-cell infiltration (CD3), increased fibrous cap thickness, and decreased necrotic core size and cell death (P < 0.05, n >or= 6). CONCLUSION: Our data provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that endogenous PARP1 is required for atherogenesis in vivo by increasing adhesion molecules with endothelial activation, enhancing inflammation, and inducing features of plaque vulnerability. Thus, inhibition of PARP1 may represent a promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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