| 1. |
- Agrenius, Stefan, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Marine Invertebrates
- 2005
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Ingår i: The 2005 Red List of Swedish Species. - Uppsala : Artdatabanken, SLU. - 9188506304 ; , s. 409-447
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Amnebrink, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal dynamics and life cycle strategies of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon in the Baltic proper
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aphanizomenon, together with Dolichospermum and Nodularia, constitute the major genera of bloom forming filamentous nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea. Like the other genera, Aphanizomenon displays summer blooms that are highly variable in magnitude and duration but unlike the others it is considered a holoplanktonic species. Still, the molecular mechanisms enabling Aphanizomenon year-round presence in surface waters are currently unknown. Here we combine analysis of Aphanizomenon population dynamics at the Linnaeus Microbial Observatory (LMO) station in the Baltic Proper over nine years (2011-2019) with associated gene expression patterns during 2016-2017 to identify annual abundance, and metabolic and life cycle strategies. Aphanizomenon biomass showed large annual variability and a consistent biovolume peak in summer, with bloom intensity ranging from 78-1334 mm3 m-3. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data showed that one Aphanizomenon amplicon sequence variant (ASV) dominated, and its relative abundance correlated with biovolume measurements. Metatranscriptomic reads that mapped to an Aphanizomenon metagenome- assembled genome (MAG) revealed annually repeating gene expression patterns, resulting in distinct gene expression profiles during different meteorological seasons. Genes encoding proteins involved in several important functional classes, e.g. carbon fixation, photosynthesis, and associated photopigments showed seasonal variation, but were detected year round. Other genes, particularly those involved in nitrogen fixation, were highly expressed in summer, while absent in winter. Vitamin metabolism and phosphorus scavenging genes were preferentially expressed during the colder periods of the annual cycle. Together, these data show that Aphanizomenon regulates the molecular machinery on the seasonal scale, providing context to the observed dynamics of Aphanizomenon in the Baltic Proper and a foundation for understanding the ecology of these cyanobacteria.
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| 4. |
- Arnadottir, Solveig A, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Application of rasch analysis to examine psychometric aspects of the activities-specific balance confidence scale when used in a new cultural context
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9993 .- 1532-821X. ; 91:1, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arnadottir SA, Lundin-Olsson L, Gunnarsdottir ED, Fisher AG. Application of Rasch analysis to examine psychometric aspects of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale when used in a new cultural context. OBJECTIVE: To investigate by using Rasch analysis the psychometric properties of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale when applied in a new Icelandic context. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based, random selection from the Icelandic National Registry. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: Icelanders (N=183), 65 to 88 years old, and 48% women. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: ABC, an instrument used to evaluate how confident older people are in maintaining balance and remaining steady when moving through the environment. An Icelandic translation of the ABC (ABC-ICE) scale was evaluated by implementing Rasch rating scale analysis to transform ordinal ABC-ICE scores into interval measures and evaluating aspects of validity and reliability of the scale. RESULTS: Participants were not able to differentiate reliably between the 11 rating scale categories of the ABC-ICE. Additionally, 3 items failed to show acceptable goodness of fit to the ABC-ICE rating scale model. By collapsing categories and creating a new 5-category scale, only 1 item misfit. Removing that item resulted in a modified version of ABC-ICE with 5 categories and 15 items. Both item goodness-of-fit statistics and principal components analysis supported unidimensionality of the modified ABC-ICE. The ABC-ICE measures reliably separated the sample into at least 4 statistically distinct strata of balance confidence. Finally, the hierarchical order of item difficulties was consistent with theoretic expectations, and the items were reasonably well targeted to the balance confidence of the persons tested. CONCLUSIONS: Rasch analysis indicated a need to modify the ABC-ICE to improve its psychometric properties. Further studies are needed to determine if similar analyses of other versions of the ABC, including the original one, will yield similar results.
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| 5. |
- Arnadottir, Solveig A, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Are rural older Icelanders less physically active than those living in urban areas? : a population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:4, s. 409-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Older people in rural areas have been labelled as physically inactive on the basis of leisure-time physical activity research. However, more research is needed to understand the total physical activity pattern in older adults, considering all domains of physical activity, including leisure, work, and domestic life. AIMS: We hypothesised that: (a) total physical activity would be the same for older people in urban and rural areas; and (b) urban and rural residency, along with gender and age, would be associated with differences in domain-specific physical activities. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in Icelandic rural and urban communities from June through to September 2004. Participants were randomly selected, community-dwelling, 65-88 years old, and comprised 68 rural (40% females) and 118 urban (53% females) adults. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to obtain a total physical activity score and subscores in leisure, during domestic life, and at work. RESULTS: The total PASE score was not associated with rural vs. urban residency, but males were, in total, more physically active than females, and the 65-74-year-olds were more active than the 75-88-year-olds. In the leisure domain, rural people had lower physical activity scores than urban people. Rural males were, however, most likely of all to be physically active in the work domain. In both urban and rural areas, the majority of the physical activity behaviour occurred in relation to housework, with the rural females receiving the highest scores. CONCLUSIONS: Older Icelanders in rural areas should not be labelled as less physically active than those who live in urban areas. Urban vs. rural living may, however, influence the physical activity patterns among older people, even within a fairly socioeconomically and culturally homogeneous country such as Iceland. This reinforces the need to pay closer attention to the living environment when studying and developing strategies to promote physical activity.
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| 6. |
- Arnadottir, Solveig A, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of self-rated health in old age : a population-based, cross-sectional study using the international classification of functioning
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 11, s. 670-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is a widely used indicator of general health and multiple studies have supported the predictive validity of SRH in older populations concerning future health, functional decline, disability, and mortality. The aim of this study was to use the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to create a better understanding of factors associated with SRH among community-dwelling older people in urban and rural areas.Methods: The study design was population-based and cross-sectional. Participants were 185 Icelanders, randomly selected from a national registry, community-dwelling, 65-88 years old, 63% urban residents, and 52% men. Participants were asked: "In general, would you say your health is excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor?" Associations with SRH were analyzed with ordinal logistic regression. Explanatory variables represented aspects of body functions, activities, participation, environmental factors and personal factors components of the ICF.Results: Univariate analysis revealed that SRH was significantly associated with all analyzed ICF components through 16 out of 18 explanatory variables. Multivariate analysis, however, demonstrated that SRH had an independent association with five variables representing ICF body functions, activities, and personal factors components: The likelihood of a better SRH increased with advanced lower extremity capacity (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] = 1.05, p < 0.001), upper extremity capacity (adjOR = 1.13, p = 0.040), household physical activity (adjOR = 1.01, p = 0.016), and older age (adjOR = 1.09, p = 0.006); but decreased with more depressive symptoms (adjOR = 0.79, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The results highlight a collection of ICF body functions, activities and personal factors associated with higher SRH among community-dwelling older people. Some of these, such as physical capacity, depressive symptoms, and habitual physical activity are of particular interest due to their potential for change through public health interventions. The use of ICF conceptual framework and widely accepted standardized assessments should make these results comparable and relevant in an international context.
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| 7. |
- Arnadottir, Solveig A, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Participation frequency and perceived participation restrictions at older age : applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework
- 2011
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 33:23-24, s. 2208-2216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To identify variables from different components of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) associated with older people's participation frequency and perceived participation restrictions. Method: Participants (N = 186) were community-living, 65-88 years old and 52% men. The dependent variables, participation frequency (linear regression) and perceived participation restrictions (logistic regression), were measured using The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument. Independent variables were selected from various ICF components. Results: Higher participation frequency was associated with living in urban rather than rural community (beta = 2.8, p < 0.001), physically active lifestyle (beta = 4.6, p < 0.001) and higher cognitive function (beta = 0.3, p = 0.009). Lower participation frequency was associated with being older (beta = -0.2, p = 0.002) and depressive symptoms (beta = -0.2, p = 0.029). Older adults living in urban areas, having more advanced lower extremities capacity, or that were employed had higher odds of less perceived participation restrictions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.5, p = 0.001; OR = 1.09, p < 0.001; OR = 3.7, p = 0.011; respectively). In contrast, the odds of less perceived participation restriction decreased as depressive symptoms increased (OR = 0.8, p = 0.011). Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of capturing and understanding both frequency and restriction aspects of older persons' participation. ICF may be a helpful reference to map factors associated with participation and to study further potentially modifiable influencing factors such as depressive symptoms and advanced lower extremity capacity.
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| 8. |
- Arnadottir, Solveig, 1968-
(författare)
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Physical activity, participation and self-rated health among older community-dwelling Icelanders : a population-based study
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate older people’s physical activity, their participation in various life situations, and their perceptions of their own health. This included an exploration of potential influences of urban versus rural residency on these outcomes, an evaluation of the measurement properties of a balance confidence scale, and an examination of the proposed usefulness of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a conceptual framework to facilitate analysis and understanding of selected outcomes.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional, population-based, with random selection from the national register of one urban and two rural municipalities in Northern Iceland. There were 186 participants, all community-dwelling, aged 65 to 88 years (mean = 73.8), and 48% of the group were women. The participation rate was 79%. Data was collected in 2004, in face-to-face interviews and through various standardized assessments. The main outcomes were total physical activity; leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity; participation frequency and perceived participation restrictions; and self-rated health. Other assessments represented aspects of the ICF body functions, activities, environmental factors and personal factors. Moreover, Rasch analysis methods were applied to examine and modify the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and the ICF used as a conceptual framework throughout the study.Results: The total physical activity score was the same for urban and rural people and the largest proportion of the total physical activity behavior was derived from the household domain. Rural females received the highest scores of all in household physical activity and rural males were more physically active than the others in the work-related domain. However, leisure-time physical activity was more common in urban than rural communities. A physically active lifestyle, urban living, a higher level of cognition, younger age, and fewer depressive symptoms were all associated with more frequent participation. Rural living and depressive symptoms were associated with perceived participation restrictions. Moreover, perceived participation restrictions were associated with not being employed and limitations in advanced lower extremity capacity. Both fewer depressive symptoms and advanced lower extremity capacity also increased the likelihood of better self-rated health, as did capacity in upper extremities, older age, and household physical activity. Rasch rating scale analysis indicated a need to modify the ABC to improve its psychometric properties. The modified ABC was then used to measure balance confidence which, however, was found not to play a major role in explaining participation or self-rated health. Finally, the ICF was useful as a conceptual framework for mapping various components of functioning and health and to facilitate analyses of their relationships.Conclusions: The results highlighted the commonalities and differences in factors associated with participation frequency, perceived participation restrictions, and self-rated health in old age. Some of these factors, such as advanced lower extremity capacity, depressive symptoms, and physical activity pattern should be of particular interest for geriatric physical therapy due to their potential for interventions. While the associations between depressive symptoms, participation, and self-rated health are well known, research is needed on the effects of advanced lower extremity capacity on participation and self-rated health in old age. The environment (urban versus rural) also presented itself as an important contextual variable to be aware of when working with older people’s participation and physically active life-style. Greater emphasis should be placed on using Rasch measurement methods for improving the availability of quality scientific measures to evaluate various aspects of functioning and health among older adults. Finally, a coordinated implementation of a conceptual framework such as ICF may further advance interdisciplinary and international studies on aging, functioning, and health.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dahlborg, Elin, 1990-
(författare)
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Grid frequency stability from a hydropower perspective
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many AC grids suffer from decreased frequency stability due to less system inertia. This has increased the risk of large-scale blackouts. This thesis and its papers address the frequency stability problem from a hydropower perspective.Grid frequency stability assessments often require accurate system inertia estimates. One approach is to estimate the inertia of all individual power plants and sum up the results. We implemented three inertia estimation methods on a Kaplan unit and compared their results. The generator contributed with 92-96% of the unit inertia, which verified the results from previous studies. However, the three methods estimated slightly different values for the unit inertia, which raises the question of when to use which method.Hydropower often deliver frequency control, yet we found no studies which validate Kaplan turbine models for large grid frequency disturbances on strong grids. Therefore, we performed frequency control tests on a Kaplan unit, implemented three hydropower models, and compared the simulation results to the measurement data. The models overestimated the change in output power and energy delivered within the first few seconds after a large change in frequency. Thus, it is important to have sufficient stability margin when using these types of hydropower models to assess the grid frequency stability.The Nordic transmission system operators are updating their frequency control requirements. We used measurement data and simulation models to assess whether improved runner blade angle control could help a Kaplan unit fulfill the coming requirements. The results showed that improved runner control does not improve the performance sufficiently for requirements fulfillment. The requirements are based on an assumption on minimum system inertia and became easier to fulfill if they were implemented with more system inertia. Thus, more inertia could allow more participants to deliver frequency control in the Nordic grid.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Dlugosz, Aldona, et al.
(författare)
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No difference in small bowel microbiota between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have indicated that colonic microbiota may exhibit important differences between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. Less is known about the microbiota of the small bowel. We used massive parallel sequencing to explore the composition of small bowel mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with IBS and healthy controls. We analysed capsule biopsies from the jejunum of 35 patients (26 females) with IBS aged 18-(36)-57 years and 16 healthy volunteers (11 females) aged 20-(32)-48 years. Sequences were analysed based on taxonomic classification. The phyla with the highest total abundance across all samples were: Firmicutes (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (15%), Actinobacteria (9.3%) and Fusobacteria (7.0%). The most abundant genera were: Streptococcus (19%), Veillonella (13%), Prevotella (12%), Rothia (6.4%), Haemophilus (5.7%), Actinobacillus (5.5%), Escherichia (4.6%) and Fusobacterium (4.3%). We found no difference among major phyla or genera between patients with IBS and controls. We identified a cluster of samples in the small bowel microbiota dominated by Prevotella, which may represent a common enterotype of the upper small intestine. The remaining samples formed a gradient, dominated by Streptococcus at one end and Escherichia at the other.
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| 14. |
- Ebeling Barbier, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Percutaneous Closure in Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation : A Single-Centre Experience
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0174-1551 .- 1432-086X. ; 38:6, s. 1438-1443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To report the experience of a percutaneous closure device used for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in an unselected patient and operator population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two consecutive patients (32 women, 50 men) who underwent transfemoral TAVI between September 2009 and February 2014 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed for percutaneous closure device (PCD) failure, vascular complications, and bleeding. The diameter and calcification of the common femoral artery (CFA) and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer in the groin were assessed on computed tomography images.RESULTS: The incidences of PCD failure and minor and major vascular complications were 19.5 % (n = 16/82), 19.5 % (n = 16/82), and 7 % (n = 6/82) respectively. 8.5 % (n = 7/82) had a minor perioperative bleeding, 6 % (n = 5/82) had a major bleeding, and none had any life-threatening bleeding. When PCD failed, haemostasis was obtained with fascia suturing, covered stent placement, or with surgical cutdown. Thirty-day mortality and 1-year all-cause mortality were 8.5 % (n = 7/82) and 19.5 % (n = 16/82), respectively. In a multiple regression analysis, the CFA diameter and the presence of severe calcification were independently related to PCD failure (correlation coefficient = -0.24, p = 0.027 and correlation coefficient = 0.23, p = 0.036, respectively).CONCLUSION: PCD failure was related to a small CFA diameter and to a severely calcified CFA. Failure could largely be managed with minimally invasive techniques such as covered stents or fascia suturing.
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| 15. |
- Ericsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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From deadpan machine to relating socially: Middle school students' experiences speaking English with embodied conversational agents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Research on Technology in Education. - 1539-1523.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speaking with an artificial counterpart in simulated environments has been shown beneficial for foreign language learning. Still, few studies have explored how it is experienced by younger students. We report on a study of Swedish students (N = 22) speaking English with embodied conversational agents (ECAs) in everyday-life scenarios. Data were collected on students' rankings, choices, and open-response items in logbooks and questionnaires. Self-reported data on experiences were analyzed through three dimensions: cognitive, emotional, and social. Findings show that students were generally satisfied with the activity and emotionally engaged with large individual differences within the social dimension. We unpack aspects regarding social relating to the ECA, analyzing the space between experiencing the ECA as a socially distant "deadpan machine" to humanizing and relating socially.
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| 16. |
- Ericsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Fun and frustrating: Students' perspectives on practising speaking English with virtual humans
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cogent Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-186X. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speaking in a foreign language is considered challenging to both teach and learn. Virtual humans (VHs), as conversational agents (CAs), provide opportunities to practise speaking skills. Lower secondary school students (N = 25) engaged in an AI-based spoken dialogue system (SDS) and interacted verbally with VHs in simulated everyday-life scenarios to solve given tasks. Our analysis is based on system-generated metrics and self-reported experiences collected through questionnaires, logbooks, and interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in seven themes, revolving around the speaking practice method, scenarios and technology, which, in combination with descriptive statistics, enabled a deeper understanding of the students' experiences. The results indicate that, on average, they found it easy, fun, and safe, but sometimes frustrating in scenarios not always relevant to their everyday lives. Factors suggested as underlying the levels of experienced frustration include technical issues and constraints with the system, such as not being understood or heard as expected. The findings suggest that lower secondary school students conversing with VHs in the SDS in an institutional educational context facilitated a beneficial opportunity for practising speaking skills, especially pronunciation and interaction in dialogues, aligning with the key principles of second language acquisition (SLA) for language development.
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| 17. |
- Ericsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ Attitudes and Experiences of Digital Tools Within Speaking Proficiency in Foreign Language Teaching and Learning - Interactional Competence Left in The Dark
- 2019
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Ingår i: 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation, ICERI2019, 11-13 November 2019, Seville, Spain. - : IATED. - 2340-1095. - 9788409147557
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speaking proficiency is crucial, complex and ranked as the most important skill to teach and learn in foreign language education (Cambridge University, 2017). Communication in foreign languages and digital competence are two key competencies formulated by the European Union. Communicative competence, authentic interaction in the target language in relevant and meaningful contexts is in focus in today’s communicative approach of language learning. Digital tools can enhance language learning enabling users to engage in authentic learning situations facilitating real-life oral communication, and the development of speaking and listening skills (Li, 2017; Bajorek, 2018). Immersive simulations and safe digital environments lower learners’ anxiety to speak a foreign language (Grant et al., 2013). The purpose of this study is to explore language teachers’ attitudes towards using digital tools. Our study reports on responses from 36 Swedish teachers of French, German, Spanish and English surveyed about teaching speaking supported by digital tools. Speaking proficiency is here subcategorised in pronunciation of phrases, own production of utterances and interaction including dialogues. In accordance with previous research, our results show that teachers consider speaking as the most challenging skill to provide possibilities to practice. The survey shows that interactional competence is the hardest to practice and at the same time experienced as the least supported by digital tools. The majority of the teachers have positive attitudes towards digital tools in language education but use them to a varied extent. Tools for translation like Google Translate are used by almost all teachers but at varied frequency. Digital communicative tools like Skype are hardly ever used. The majority of the teachers seldom or never use digital textbooks, language apps, games designed for language learning or immersive simulations. Around a third of them report no use of digital tools for supporting speaking proficiency. Among those teachers who do provide digital tools for practising speaking, support for pronunciation is the most common whereas interaction is the least frequent. The teachers report on the importance of a safe environment, and working with meaningful and interesting topics to enable students to dare to speak. Though many digital tools can provide these possibilities, the teachers report obstacles for using them; lack of competence, time, and research evidence for the effects. Also, some teachers report on unreliable quality, lack of objective evaluation of the tools and as a source of distraction. In conclusion, the studied teachers view speaking and interactional competence as the hardest skills to practice. Although the questionnaire reveals positive attitudes, the teachers report on quite sparse use of a few types of digital tools in foreign language education. Speaking proficiency supported by digital tools seems to be a challenge, especially the interactional competence almost left in the dark. Based on the teachers’ perceived obstacles for students regarding anxiety to speak, and the teachers’ limited use of digital tools, there is a need for more empirical research of interactive tools as facilitators for more effective teaching and learning of speaking a foreign language in general and interactional competence in particular. At the moment we are conducting a study of digital tools supporting interaction in language learning.
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| 18. |
- Hallgren, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Alcohol Consumers.
- 2021
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Ingår i: American Journal of Health Promotion. - : Sage Publications. - 0890-1171 .- 2168-6602. ; 35:5, s. 669-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe physical activity habits, sedentary behavior, and cardiorespiratory fitness levels among alcohol abstainers, hazardous and non-hazardous drinkers.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with data collected between 2017-19.SETTING: Sweden.SUBJECTS: Adults aged 18-65 years (n = 47,559; 59.4% male).MEASURES: During a routine health assessment, participants answered validated single-item questions regarding: habitual physical activity, structured exercise, and the percentage of time spent sedentary during leisure-time (past 30 days), and completed a 6-minute cycle ergometer test (V02max) to determine cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Participants were categorized as alcohol abstainers, non-hazardous drinkers or hazardous drinkers (low/high) based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) cut-points for men and women.ANALYSIS: Logistic regression models stratified by sex and age.RESULTS: Compared to non-hazardous drinkers, the heaviest drinkers were less physically active (males: OR = 1.38, CI = 1.13-1.67, p = .001; females: OR = 1.41, CI = 1.01-1.97, p = .040) and more sedentary during leisure time (males: OR = 1.94, CI = 1.62-2.32, p = .000; females: OR = 1.62, CI = 1.21-2.16, p = .001). Apart from young females, the heaviest drinkers also did less structured exercise than non-hazardous drinkers (males: OR = 1.22, CI = 1.15-1.51, p = .000; females: OR = 1.43, CI = 1.15-1.78, p = .001). The strongest associations were seen among adults aged 40-65 years (shown here). High-hazardous drinking was associated with low CRF among older males only (OR = 1.19, CI = 1.00-1.41).CONCLUSION: Middle-aged adults with AUDIT-C scores of ≥6 (women) and ≥7 (men) were less physically active and more sedentary during leisure time and may be appropriate targets for physical activity interventions.
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| 19. |
- Johansson, Martin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial sexual dimorphism of X and Y homolog gene expression in the human central nervous system during early male development
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of Sex Differences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2042-6410. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Renewed attention has been directed to the functions of the Y chromosome in the central nervous system during early human male development, due to the recent proposed involvement in neurodevelopmental diseases. PCDH11Y and NLGN4Y are of special interest because they belong to gene families involved in cell fate determination and formation of dendrites and axon. Methods: We used RNA sequencing, immunocytochemistry and a padlock probing and rolling circle amplification strategy, to distinguish the expression of X and Y homologs in situ in the human brain for the first time. To minimize influence of androgens on the sex differences in the brain, we focused our investigation to human embryos at 8-11 weeks post-gestation. Results: We found that the X- and Y-encoded genes are expressed in specific and heterogeneous cellular sub-populations of both glial and neuronal origins. More importantly, we found differential distribution patterns of X and Y homologs in the male developing central nervous system. Conclusions: This study has visualized the spatial distribution of PCDH11X/Y and NLGN4X/Y in human developing nervous tissue. The observed spatial distribution patterns suggest the existence of an additional layer of complexity in the development of the male CNS.
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| 20. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of rehabilitation services from the perspective of older adults with dual sensory loss : a qualitative study
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Research on Health and Well-being.. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe the rehabilitation service experiences of older adults with dual sensoryloss (DSL).Methods: Twenty older adults aged ≥65 years with DSL participated in semistructuredinterviews. Inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted.Results: The participants’ experiences were classified into three main categories: 1.Maintaining and regaining function included experiences regarding interventions compensat-ing for loss of function and medical corrections; 2. Mastering the situation described theindividuals’ competence of DSL, skills acquisition and taking control; and 3. Delivery ofrehabilitation services included experiences of encounters with professionals, their attitudesand the organizational impact on accessibility and collaboration.Conclusions: It was important for participants to regain function and compensate for loss infunction and to meet others in group rehabilitation. The professionals’ attitudes were animportant factor that affected the participants’ approach to rehabilitation services.Rehabilitation services mainly focused on either VL or HL, not DSL. Based on the participants’experiences, the rehabilitation services seemed to contribute to the older adults’ well-being,participation in activities and life roles, which is consistent with the WHO’s definition ofhealthy ageing. The findings can contribute to the development of rehabilitation services forolder adults with DSL to meet the diversity of these individuals’ needs.
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| 21. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors affecting padlock probe efficiency
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Padlock probes have proved to be extremely versatile and useful molecular tools. They have unique properties that allow them to be used in various applications, ranging from diagnostic assays to spatially resolved transcriptomics. Padlock probes are used for detection of specific DNA or RNA sequences in enzymatic multistep assays. As the assays involve circularization and rolling circle amplification of the padlock probe, different factors play a role in the efficiency of the separate steps. Guidelines for how to design padlock probes have been lacking. We investigated how the length and the secondary structure of the different parts of the padlock probe affected its efficacy in the different steps of the assay as well as the impact on the total assay. The optimal length of the padlock probe is a compromise between a shorter total probe length, which leads to more efficient amplification and longer target specific sequence, which confers more efficient circularization. Complex secondary structure interfering with the detection motif or involving both the target-specific parts of the padlock probe seriously impair the assay efficiency. However, less complex secondary structures can be tolerated without significant efficiency loss. Taken together, the results present important considerations for the design of padlock probes and guidelines for how to improve the general detection efficiency.
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| 22. |
- Lundin, Elin
(författare)
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Konsten att hitta sin teori
- 2008
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Ingår i: Uppdrag: Forskning. - : Liber, Malmö. - 9789147087280 ; , s. 223-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1970-
(författare)
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Motstånd och kreativitet : George Herbert Meads bidrag till aktör-strukturdebatten
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is about the agency-structure debate. Different ways of comprehending the relationship between agency and structure constitute a watershed between theoretical approaches in sociology. On one side, we have the Weberian social definition paradigm. On the other, we have the Durkheimian social facts paradigm. My overriding focus is, however, not on theories that explain social reality in terms of either agency or structure. But rather, I focus on sociological theories whose aim is to integrate the two explanations or paradigms. How to integrate agency and structure in a satisfying way has become one of the central problems - perhaps even the most central - in social theory today. The vital question is how to create a theory that explains social reality by proceeding from both the notion of people doing things which affect the social relationships in which they are embedded (agency) and the idea of the social context moulding and forming social activity (structure). In the present dissertation, I examine George Herbert Mead's answer to the question by comparing his social pragmatism with the contemporary contributions to the agency-structure debate made by Anthony Giddens, Pierre Bourdieu and Jürgen Habermas. Often Mead has been erroneously associated primarily with a concern with agency, rejecting the importance of social structures. By discussing the revisionist, "social behavioristic" critique of Herbert Blumer's "symbolic interactionistic" interpretation my aim is to come to terms with such bias perspectives of Mead's views. His solution of the problem of agency and structure is based on two central ideas: 1) about the situated character of human action and 2) about the primary sociality of human action. I illustrate how Mead considers corporeal social structures of habitual responses to a certain stimuli as a precondition for experiencing inhibitions of the act or problematic social relations. The inhibited social act transforms our social behavior into social interaction where we get consciously aware of meaning and ourselves. He speaks of this as taking the attitude of the (generalized) other from which he means that self-reflexion arises. Giddens, Bourdieu and Habermas had intentions of exceeding the dualism between agency and structure by focusing on social practices. I argue, by emphasizing the importance Mead ascribed to the inhibited social act, his theory gives us better possibilities than the contemporary theories to solve the vital question.
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| 24. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1976-
(författare)
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Older Adults with Dual Sensory Loss : Prevalence, Diagnoses & Rehabilitation Services
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Globally, the population aged 65 years and older are predicted to double within 30 years. The risk of developing vision loss in combination with hearing loss – dual sensory loss (DSL) increases with age. DSL affects older adults within several aspects, and the main areas are communication, information, participation and orientation and mobility. Aim: The overall aim was to describe older adults with DSL regardingprevalence, diagnoses, rehabilitation and experiences with rehabilitation services in the Swedish context.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Data were collected by using register data, mainly medical records (Study I), and by individual interviews with older adults with DSL (Study II). In the first study, data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi square tests, and in the second study inductive qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Study I showed that the national prevalence of severe DSL was estimated to approximately 0.08%. The result also showed statisticallysignificant differences in prevalence of severe DSL between age groups and the prevalence of severe DSL increased with age. No statistically significant difference were found between women and men regarding prevalence. Older adults with DSL had been provided with several rehabilitation services and the focus of the services were mainly on one of the senses, not on the combination of sensory losses. Sensorineural hearing loss in combination with cataracts and age-related macular degeneration were the most common diagnoses. Study II presented older adults experiences of rehabilitation services and they described that several of the rehabilitation services were significant for them to be able to communicate, participate in social events and independently perform day-to-day activities.Conclusion: It is important that rehabilitation services provided to older adults with DSL are person-centred to promote healthy aging.
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| 25. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence, diagnoses and rehabilitation services related to severe dual sensory loss (DSL) in older persons : a cross-sectional study based on medical records
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 59:12, s. 921-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate the prevalence of severe dual sensory loss (DSL) among older persons (aged >= 65 years) in the Swedish population, to identify the diagnoses that cause severe DSL, and to identify rehabilitation services in which the participants have been involved.Design: A cross-sectional design was applied. Medical records from Audiological, Low Vision, and Vision clinics from two Swedish counties were used.Study sample: 1257 adults, aged >= 65 years with severe hearing loss (HL) (>= 70 dB HL) were included, whereof 101 had decimal visual acuity <= 0.3.Results: Based on the population size in the two counties (>= 65 years, n = 127,638), the prevalence of severe DSL was approximately 0.08% in the population. Within the group having DSL (n = 101), 61% were women and 71% were aged >= 85 years. Common diagnoses were cataract and/or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in combination with HL. The rehabilitation services offered were mainly hearing aids and various magnifiers.Conclusions: The study confirmed previous results, indicating that the prevalence of severe DSL increases with age and that sensorineural HL and cataract, AMD or glaucoma coexist. The identified rehabilitation services mainly focussed on either vision loss or HL but not on severe DSL as a complex health condition.
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| 26. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1983-
(författare)
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RNA-based spatial characterization of cell and tissue heterogeneity
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Technical advances in cell biology have revolutionized the field of cell biology. With new technology it is now possible to address scientific questions in cell biology at the molecular level. Single-cell RNA-sequencing can reveal transcriptomic information for single cells and spatially resolved transcriptomic technology can visualize thousands or millions of cells and transcripts for spatial molecular profiling. The work in this thesis describes the technological development from traditional in situ hybridization to the current state-of-the-art technology for spatial multiplexed gene expression analysis. This development has enabled RNA-based molecular characterization of cells and tissues with the spatial dimension maintained. The work included in the thesis highlights the potential and the advantages of padlock-probe-based technology for spatial RNA-based profiling of cells and tissues. Furthermore, it demonstrates the possibilities arising from the inherent ability of padlock probes to distinguish between transcripts based on differences in single nucleotides.The study in paper I investigates the prevalence of Enterovirus species B in patients with Crohn’s disease by a chromogenic in situ hybridization assay combined with immunohistochemistry to detect viral RNA and proteins directly in tissue samples.In paper II, padlock probes were used to study the spatial gene expression of gene homologs from the X and Y chromosome in human embryonic nervous tissue. Furthermore, a strategy was devised to visualize and evaluate spatial expression patterns.The padlock probe-based approach for multiplexed spatial transcriptional profiling, in situ sequencing, was applied in paper III to study the regional and cell-type-specific dynamics of A-to-I RNA editing in the developing mouse brain.In paper IV, a technical characterization of padlock probes was performed with the aim of determining how to design a padlock probe to obtain optimal detection efficiency.The work in this thesis demonstrates the dramatic shift in how biological questions in cell and tissue biology can be addressed, enabled by the technological evolution of traditional in situ hybridization assays into high-throughput, multiplexed spatial transcription profiling.
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| 27. |
- Lundin, Elin, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal mapping of RNA editing in the developing mouse brain using in situ sequencing reveals regional and cell-type-specific regulation
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a process that contributes to the diversification of proteins that has been shown to be essential for neurotransmission and other neuronal functions. However, the spatiotemporal and diversification properties of RNA editing in the brain are largely unknown. Here, we applied in situ sequencing to distinguish between edited and unedited transcripts in distinct regions of the mouse brain at four developmental stages, and investigate the diversity of the RNA landscape.Results: We analyzed RNA editing at codon-altering sites using in situ sequencing at single-cell resolution, in combination with the detection of individual ADAR enzymes and specific cell type marker transcripts. This approach revealed cell-type specific regulation of RNA editing of a set of transcripts, and developmental and regional variation in editing levels for many of the targeted sites. We found increasing editing diversity throughout development, which arises through regional- and cell type-specific regulation of ADAR enzymes and target transcripts.Conclusions: Our single-cell in situ sequencing method has proved useful to study the complex landscape of RNA editing and our results indicate that this complexity arises due to distinct mechanisms of regulating individual RNA editing sites, acting both regionally and in specific cell types.
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| 28. |
- Lundin, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Spatiotemporal mapping of RNA editing in the developing mouse brain using in situ sequencing reveals regional and cell-type-specific regulation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7007. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a process that contributes to the diversification of proteins that has been shown to be essential for neurotransmission and other neuronal functions. However, the spatiotemporal and diversification properties of RNA editing in the brain are largely unknown. Here, we applied in situ sequencing to distinguish between edited and unedited transcripts in distinct regions of the mouse brain at four developmental stages, and investigate the diversity of the RNA landscape. Results We analyzed RNA editing at codon-altering sites using in situ sequencing at single-cell resolution, in combination with the detection of individual ADAR enzymes and specific cell type marker transcripts. This approach revealed cell-type-specific regulation of RNA editing of a set of transcripts, and developmental and regional variation in editing levels for many of the targeted sites. We found increasing editing diversity throughout development, which arises through regional- and cell type-specific regulation of ADAR enzymes and target transcripts. Conclusions Our single-cell in situ sequencing method has proved useful to study the complex landscape of RNA editing and our results indicate that this complexity arises due to distinct mechanisms of regulating individual RNA editing sites, acting both regionally and in specific cell types.
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| 29. |
- Lundin, Karin E, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility to infections, without concomitant hyper-IgE, reported in 1976, is caused by hypomorphic mutation in the phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) gene
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1521-6616 .- 1521-7035. ; 161:2, s. 366-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) is an enzyme converting N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetylglucosamine-l-phosphate, a precursor important for glycosylation. Mutations in the PGM3 gene have recently been identified as the cause of novel primary immunodeficiency with a hyper-IgE like syndrome. Here we report the occurrence of a homozygous mutation in the PGM3 gene in a family with immunodeficient children, described already in 1976. DNA from two of the immunodeficient siblings was sequenced and shown to encode the same homozygous missense mutation, causing a destabilized protein with reduced enzymatic capacity. Affected individuals were highly prone to infections, but lack the developmental defects in the nervous and skeletal systems, reported in other families. Moreover, normal IgE levels were found. Thus, belonging to the expanding group of congenital glycosylation defects, PGM3 deficiency is characterized by immunodeficiency, with or without increased IgE levels, and with variable forms of developmental defects affecting other organ systems.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lundin [Thunman], Elin, 1970-
(författare)
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G H Mead och de sociala strukturernas betydelse för individen
- 2001
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Ingår i: Utbildning och Demokrati. - Örebro : Örebro universitet. - 1102-6472 .- 2001-7316. ; 10:3, s. 53-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article draws attention to unnoticed aspects of Mead’s social pragmatism. I argue that in his social pragmatism, put in modern social scientific terms, there is a tendency to transcend the dualism between agency and structure. Modern social scientists as Bourdieu, Giddens and Habermas all approach this dualism. Mead’s social pragmatism can be interpreted as an attempt to transcend the dualism by stressing the reciprocity between agency and structure. The article shows that his view is best described in the following way: social structures are both enabling and constraining in relation to the individual. In Mead’s descrip- tion of taking the role of the other, especially the generalized other, and the relationship between ”I” and ”me” it clearly appears how the internalization of social structures is a necessary condition for agency. It also becomes evident how agency or creativity have a vital importance in relation to social structures, particularly for structural change.
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| 32. |
- Lundin [Thunman], Elin, 1970-
(författare)
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Motståndets betydelse : ett bidrag till aktör-strukturdebatten
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; :4, s. 46-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A central problem in social theory today is how to integrate agency and structure. The vital question is how to explain social reality by proceeding from both the notion of people doing things which affect the social relationships in which they are embedded (agency) and the idea of the social context moulding social activity (structure). Sociologists as Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens and Jürgen Habermas call attention to social practices as the “missing link” between agency and structure. In accentuating social practices, the aim is to explain how people in their daily encounters actively contribute to the production and reproduction of social structures. This article puts forth the posthumous contribution of George Herbert Mead to the agency-structure debate. I argue that his social pragmatist theory gives us a compound and thorough – but not fully recognized – explanation of the dynamics and the course of events in structurally framed encounters. By especially emphasizing the importance Mead ascribes to the inhibited social act, I examine how his theory deepens the understanding of social practices as a bridge between agency and structure.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nyström, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
Human Enterovirus Species B in Ileocecal Crohn's Disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2155-384X. ; 4:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Advanced ileocecal Crohn's disease (ICD) is characterized by strictures, inflammation in the enteric nervous system (myenteric plexitis), and a high frequency ofNOD2mutations. Recent findings implicate a role ofNOD2and another CD susceptibility gene,ATG16L1, in the host response against single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. However, the role of viruses in CD is unknown. We hypothesized that human enterovirus species B (HEV-B), which are ssRNA viruses with dual tropism both for the intestinal epithelium and the nervous system, could play a role in ICD.METHODS:We used immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization to study the general presence of HEV-B and the presence of the two HEV-B subspecies, Coxsackie B virus (CBV) and Echovirus, in ileocecal resections from 9 children with advanced, stricturing ICD and 6 patients with volvulus, and in intestinal biopsies from 15 CD patients at the time of diagnosis.RESULTS:All patients with ICD had disease-associated polymorphisms inNOD2orATG16L1. Positive staining for HEV-B was detected both in the mucosa and in myenteric nerve ganglia in all ICD patients, but in none of the volvulus patients. Expression of the cellular receptor for CBV, CAR, was detected in nerve cell ganglia.CONCLUSIONS:The common presence of HEV-B in the mucosa and enteric nervous system of ICD patients in this small cohort is a novel finding that warrants further investigation to analyze whether HEV-B has a role in disease onset or progress. The presence of CAR in myenteric nerve cell ganglia provides a possible route of entry for CBV into the enteric nervous system.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Sassi, Atfa, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypomorphic homozygous mutations in phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) impair immunity and increase serum IgE levels
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 133:5, s. 1410-U681
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, eczema, and increased serum IgE levels characterize patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). Known genetic causes for HIES are mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8), which are involved in signal transduction pathways. However, glycosylation defects have not been described in patients with HIES. One crucial enzyme in the glycosylation pathway is phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), which catalyzes a key step in the synthesis of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, which is required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. Objective: We sought to elucidate the genetic cause in patients with HIES who do not carry mutations in STAT3 or DOCK8. Methods: After establishing a linkage interval by means of SNPchip genotyping and homozygosity mapping in 2 families with HIES from Tunisia, mutational analysis was performed with selector-based, high-throughput sequencing. Protein expression was analyzed by means of Western blotting, and glycosylation was profiled by using mass spectrometry. Results: Mutational analysis of candidate genes in an 11.9-Mb linkage region on chromosome 6 shared by 2 multiplex families identified 2 homozygous mutations in PGM3 that segregated with disease status and followed recessive inheritance. The mutations predict amino acid changes in PGM3 (p. Glu340del and p. Leu83Ser). A third homozygous mutation (p. Asp502Tyr) and the p. Leu83Ser variant were identified in 2 other affected families, respectively. These hypomorphic mutations have an effect on the biosynthetic reactions involving uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine. Glycomic analysis revealed an aberrant glycosylation pattern in leukocytes demonstrated by a reduced level of tri-antennary and tetra-antennary N-glycans. T-cell proliferation and differentiation were impaired in patients. Most patients had developmental delay, and many had psychomotor retardation. Conclusion: Impairment of PGM3 function leads to a novel primary (inborn) error of development and immunity because biallelic hypomorphic mutations are associated with impaired glycosylation and a hyper-IgE-like phenotype.
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| 38. |
- Schött, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Analytic continuation by averaging Pade approximants
- 2016
-
Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - 2469-9950. ; 93:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ill-posed analytic continuation problem for Green's functions and self-energies is investigated by revisiting the Pade approximants technique. We propose to remedy the well-known problems of the Pade approximants by performing an average of several continuations, obtained by varying the number of fitted input points and Pade coefficients independently. The suggested approach is then applied to several test cases, including Sm and Pr atomic self-energies, the Green's functions of the Hubbard model for a Bethe lattice and of the Haldane model for a nanoribbon, as well as two special test functions. The sensitivity to numerical noise and the dependence on the precision of the numerical libraries are analyzed in detail. The present approach is compared to a number of other techniques, i.e., the nonnegative least-squares method, the nonnegative Tikhonov method, and the maximum entropy method, and is shown to perform well for the chosen test cases. This conclusion holds even when the noise on the input data is increased to reach values typical for quantum Monte Carlo simulations. The ability of the algorithm to resolve fine structures is finally illustrated for two relevant test functions.
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| 39. |
- Thunman [Lundin], Elin, 1970-
(författare)
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Den svåra konsten att vara äkta
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nerikes Allehanda. - Örebro : Nerikes Allehanda. - 1103-971X. ; :2011-08-14, del 2, s. 10-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 40. |
- Thunman [Lundin], Elin, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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George Herbert Mead och motståndet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Det socialpsykologiska perspektivet. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144053707 ; , s. 47-71
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 41. |
- Thunman [Lundin], Elin, 1970-
(författare)
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Sjuk av självförverkligande : individen i det nya arbetslivet
- 2011
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1990-talet har antalet anställda inom svenskt arbetsliv som drabbats av psykiska besvär på grund av stress mer än fördubblats. Den här studien belyser utbrändas erfarenheter av sin identitet och psykosociala arbetsmiljö med utgångspunkt från de senaste årtiondenas djupgående och strukturella samhälleliga omvandlingar. Avsikten är att finna helhetsförklaringar på samhällsnivå, framförallt vilka konsekvenser tendenserna till ökad individualisering i samhället med nya och höjda krav får för arbetstagares psykiska hälsa. Undersökningen bygger på djupintervjuer med långtidssjukskrivna för olika utmattningsdiagnoser. Materialet består även av bloggar och andra texter av de intervjuade. Analysen sker med hjälp av Axel Honneths transformationsteoretiska tanke att dagens arbetsliv utmärks av institutionaliserade förväntningar på självförverkligande. Därmed kan studien presentera en samhällsorienterad förklaringsmodell som flyttar fokus från den sjuke till stressrelaterade symptoms samhälleliga orsaker genom att betrakta dem som vår tids samhällsjukdom, något som hittills i hög utsträckning saknats inom svensk stressforskning. Resultaten visar att tiden före sjukskrivningen strävade samtliga intervjupersoner efter att vara autentiska genom att utforska och visa upp sina förmågor och egenskaper i arbetet. Mer eller mindre omedvetet följde deras uttryckande av sig själva vissa standardiserade mönster. Gemensamma nämnare är deras engagemang, initiativrikedom, framåtanda, flexibilitet och utvecklingsvillighet. Gemensamt för studiens deltagare är även att deras arbetsplats varit eller var utsatt för omfattande omstruktureringar och/eller nedskärningar vilka de haft litet inflytande över. I kölvattnet följde bland annat konflikter, splittrade arbetsgrupper, ökad arbetsbelastning, ökade och nya krav, oklara och motsägelsefulla förväntningar och oklar ansvarsfördelning. Av undersökningen framgår att sökandet efter sig själv på en arbetsplats präglad av sådana följdverkningar blev den utlösande faktorn bakom samtligas utveckling av utmattningssymptom. De intervjuades självkänsla var nära förbunden med att verka för altruistiska värden, som på olika sätt dikterar omsorg om andra. Med önskan om att vara sanna mot sig själva och sina värden tog alla personligt ansvar för bristerna i organisation och ledning. Den gränslösa arbetssituationen gav till slut upphov till en ond spiral av värdelöshetskänslor och utmattning. En bidragande orsak till den bristande självkänslan var upplevelsen av en konflikt mellan att vara autentisk på egna villkor och att uttrycka och utveckla sin person på ett villkorat sätt. Med hjälp av Honneths terminologi förstår jag detta som att personerna utvecklade en social patologi som en reaktion på arbetsvillkoren, framförallt upplevelsen av otillräcklig gemensam mening skapad av människor i deras arbetsvardag. I samband med sjukskrivningen var det vanligt att indirekt börja ifrågasätta den standardiserade mallen för självförverkligande. En mer medveten strävan efter självförverkligande för sin egen skull och på egna villkor inleddes av intervjupersonerna. Detta nya självförverkligandeprojekt hamnade lätt i konflikt med det gränslösa arbetet, vilket komplicerade återvändandet till arbetslivet. Resultaten pekar på faktorer utanför individen som kan åtgärdas för att förebygga utbrändhet. Några av studiens slutsatser är att tydliga strukturer för beslutsfattande, gemensamt uppsatta mål och visioner samt delaktighet är avgörande för ett ovillkorat självförverkligande.
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| 42. |
- Weibrecht, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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In situ detection of individual mRNA molecules and protein complexes or post-translational modifications using padlock probes combined with the in situ proximity ligation assay
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Nature Protocols. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-2189 .- 1750-2799. ; 8:2, s. 355-372
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis at the single-cell level is essential for the understanding of cellular responses in heterogeneous cell populations, but it has been difficult to perform because of the strict requirements put on detection methods with regard to selectivity and sensitivity (i.e., owing to the cross-reactivity of probes and limited signal amplification). Here we describe a 1.5-d protocol for enumerating and genotyping mRNA molecules in situ while simultaneously obtaining information on protein interactions or post-translational modifications; this is achieved by combining padlock probes with in situ proximity ligation assays (in situ PLA). In addition, we provide an example of how to design padlock probes and how to optimize staining conditions for fixed cells and tissue sections. Both padlock probes and in situ PLA provide the ability to directly visualize single molecules by standard microscopy in fixed cells or tissue sections, and these methods may thus be valuable for both research and diagnostic purposes.
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| 43. |
- Widén-Nilsson, Elin, 1975-
(författare)
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Global-Scale Modelling of the Land-Surface Water Balance : Development and Analysis of WASMOD-M
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Water is essential for all life on earth. Global population increase and climate change are projected to increase the water stress, which already today is very high in many areas of the world. The differences between the largest and smallest global runoff estimates exceed the highest continental runoff estimates. These differences, which are caused by different modelling and measurement techniques together with large natural variabilities need to be further addressed. This thesis focuses on global water balance models that calculate global runoff, evaporation and water storage from precipitation and other climate data.A new global water balance model, WASMOD-M was developed. Already when tuned against the volume error it reasonable produced within-year runoff patterns, but the volume error was not enough to confine the model parameter space. The parameter space and the simulated hydrograph could be better confined with, e.g., the Nash criterion. Calibration against snow-cover data confined the snow parameters better, although some equifinality still persisted. Thus, even the simple WASMOD-M showed signs of being overparameterised. A simple regionalisation procedure that only utilised proximity contributed to calculate a global runoff estimate in line with earlier estimations. The need for better specifications of global runoff estimates was highlighted. Global modellers depend on global data-sets that can have low quality in many areas. Major sources of uncertainty are precipitation and river regulation. A new routing method that utilises high-resolution flow network information in low-resolution calculations was developed and shown to perform well over all spatial scales, while the standard linear reservoir routing decreased in performance with decreasing resolution. This algorithm, called aggregated time-delay-histogram routing, is intended for inclusion in WASMOD-M.
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| 44. |
- Önnevall, Elin
(författare)
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Television Practices : Ethnography, Television and User Practices
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores television practices in a time when new technology has made it possible to interact with and create your own TV content. The work is focused on how user practices need to be understood in a context of chan- ging technology. The practices studied also show the relevance of ethno- graphic methods, and especially the wide spectrum of these different meth- ods within the field of Human-Computer Interaction. We distinguish be- tween sociologically informed ethnography and anthropological ethnogra- phy. Two questions are addressed: how can new forms of television practices be understood by means of different ethnographic methods, and, on a wider level, what method can we use for analysing methods in ethnographic re- search? Because ethnographic methods are qualitative, we have also chosen to use an open and qualitative approach when analysing them. Through comparing our different methods – their data and findings on one specific topic – we have discovered the differences between the methodological ap- proaches.
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