| 1. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Establishing epistemic practices in students’ formulation of scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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In: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 24-24
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The development of students' capability to engage in scientific inquiry is part of the science curricula across the educational system. However, previous research shows that laboratory and practical work in science education do not necessarily develop the capability to engage in scientific inquiry or contribute to developing an understanding of the nature of inquiry. The purpose of this study is to explore how teaching activities can be designed with a specific focus to develop students' capability to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Some science education research points to that in order for students to develop an understanding of the nature of science inquiry, teaching has to include activities explicitly focusing aspects of inquiry such as asking questions, observing and making inferences. In this study we draw on the theoretical framework of epistemic practices to analyse and design teaching with the purpose of developing students' capabilities to formulate questions for scientific inquiry. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating scientifically researchable questions makes sense only as part of epistemic practice in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The research question is: How can epistemic practices be established in upper-secondary school science where students are invited to participate in activities of formulating researchable questions?The study was carried out as a design-based research collaboration with a research team consisting of nine science teachers and four science education researchers. Data was collected in three cycles of design, intervention and analysis of research lessons with six classes in three different upper-secondary schools. The data consists of video-recordings of student interaction while engaging in tasks of formulating researchable scientific questions. The data is analysed using the didactical model of organizing purposes; distinguishing between overarching purposes and the student-orientated purposes emerging in interaction. The results indicate that the development of students’ capabilities to formulate researchable questions is situated in the processes of interaction with peers, and the conditions for situating the formulation of questions in a practice characterised by closeness to an epistemic object and gathering of observational data. Based on the results, we argue for a shift in science education from focusing students’ views of a generic nature of science or nature of science inquiry to focussing student participation in epistemic practices of various kinds.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Students’ capabilities to formulate scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education
- 2019
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In: NOFA7 ABSTRACTS Stockholm University, 13 - 15 May 2019. ; , s. 25-25
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A goal for science education is to develop student capabilities to participate in scientific inquiry. This includes various aspects of inquiry; formulating scientifically researchable questions as well as planning, performing, analyzing and presenting science investigations. In science education practices, there is a tradition of using practical or laboratory work to illustrate science concepts; focussing correct answers and reproduction of ready-made scientific knowledge, rather than engaging students in inquiry. Previous research shows that inquiry teaching predominantly engage students in investigating science questions as formulated beforehand by the teacher or a textbook. Little attention has been paid to what might characterize the capability of formulating scientifically researchable questions in school. In this study we draw on a theoretical framework of epistemic practices. Epistemic practices refer to the ways people in a specific community propose, justify, evaluate and legitimize knowledge claims within a disciplinary framework. From this perspective, formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions makes sense only in relation to a motive of knowledge production. The aim of this study is to explore what might characterize students’ capabilities to formulate and develop scientifically researchable questions in upper secondary science education.The collected data consists of video-recordings of student interaction in group-work focussing formulating and developing scientifically researchable questions. Data was collected as part of a design-based study with six classes in three different schools. The video-recordings were transcribed in verbatim and analysed by the means of qualitative content analysis. The preliminary results suggest three themes: Formulation of scientifically researchable questions as:1) Working with the specification of the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students elaborated on the meaning of related scientific concepts and discussed cause and effect. 2) Specifying researchability by focussing on how to operationalize the epistemic object. The theme illustrates how the students reformulate their questions as part of a process of discussing e.g. measurability and variables.3) Making value-judgements of epistemic objects. The theme illustrates how the students distinguish between scientific and non-scientific questions and make value-judgements about relevance. The results contribute to an understanding of what the capability to engage in scientific inquiry as participation in collective epistemic work in an upper-secondary school science classroom might entail. The themes are related to the establishing of a specific scientific epistemic object. The results are discussed in relation to previous research in science education and the development of resources for teaching inquiry framing capabilities of inquiry as generic.
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| 3. |
- Björnhammer, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Att designa epistemiska praktiker i nv-undervisningen - en studie om hur gymnasieelever producerar naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I läroplanen för gymnasiet betonas det i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena att undervisningen ska innefatta naturvetenskapliga arbetsmetoder som att formulera och söka svar på frågor. Holmström, Pendrill et al. (2018) beskriver dock hur besparingar och en minskad tid för gymnasiets laborationsundervisning resulterat i att reformer likt denna inte fått någon genomslagskraft i lärares planering av laborationsundervisning. Den naturvetenskapliga undervisningen öppnar sällan upp för elever att formulera och utforska egna frågor (Lunde, 2015). Stort fokus läggs istället på reproduktion av redan etablerad kunskap och “rätta svar” (Andrée, 2007). När väl ansatser görs för att utforma uppgifter som ger eleverna möjlighet att utveckla förmåga till systematiskt undersökande är det inte självklart att uppgifterna faktiskt möjliggör det. Utmaningen är att utforma uppgifter som inte bara fokuserar på att eleverna ska utveckla förmåga att använda vissa tekniker och redskap för systematiskt undersökande utan att involvera eleverna i arbete med utveckla naturvetenskaplig kunskap (Bergvall, Lavett Lagerström & Andrée, 2018). Eleverna behöver få delta i aktiviteter som syftar till att synliggöra vad som kännetecknar naturvetenskapliga praktiker (Lunde, 2015; Kelly & Licona, 2018). En förutsättning för att etablera naturvetenskaplig epistemisk undervisningspraktik är enligt Kelly (2008) att eleverna får vara med och producera nya frågor och ny kunskap. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur epistemiska praktiker kan etableras i naturvetenskaplig undervisning på gymnasiet där elever ges möjlighet att utveckla förmågan att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Vi har genomfört en designbaserad studie i tre iterativa cykler i ett nära samarbete mellan nio NV-lärare och sex forskare i NV-didaktik. Cyklerna har genomförts på tre gymnasieskolor i stockholmsregionen, med 60-90 deltagande elever i respektive cykel. Empiri består av videoinspelningar och ljudupptagningar från elevgruppers diskussioner under lektionerna, samt elevers skriftligt formulerade frågor. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ innehållsanayls (Graneheim & Lundman, 2003;2017) vilket har resulterat i en variation av kvaliteter av förmågan att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. De preliminära resultaten visar att dessa kvaliteter, som exempelvis att förhålla sig till frågans undersökningsbarhet, och hur eleverna fick möjlighet att utveckla dessa spelade roll för huruvida kunskapsproduktion eller vanemässiga handlingar etablerades i undervisningen (jfr Eriksson & Lindberg, 2016; Knorr Cetina, 2001).
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| 4. |
- Björnhammer, Sebastian, et al.
(author)
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Vad kan elever som kan formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor?
- 2020
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In: Forskning om undervisning och lärande. - 2000-9674 .- 2001-6131. ; 8:1, s. 81-104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Denna studie fokuserar på innebörder av att kunna formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap. Studien tar utgångspunkt i naturvetenskapligt undersökande som epistemiskt arbete. Den forskningsfråga som undersöks är: Vilka kvalitativa aspekter av kunnande kommer till uttryck i gymnasieelevers arbete med att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor? Studien har genomförts som en designbaserad studie med sex interventioner på gymnasiet där eleverna i den genomförda undervisningen har fått i uppgift att, i olika sammanhang, formulera undersökningsbara frågor. Data innefattar film- och ljudinspelningar och har analyserats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten synliggör tre kvalitativa aspekter av att formulera undersökningsbara frågor: Precisering av det epistemiska objektet, Operationalisering av det epistemiska objektet samt Värdering av frågeställningen i relation till det epistemiska objektet.
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| 5. |
- Freerks, Per, et al.
(author)
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Att utveckla gymnasieelevers förmåga att formulera, värdera och precisera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tidigare forskning visar att elevers deltagande i laborationer inte självklart utvecklar förmågan till systematiskt undersökande arbete. I studien som presenteras utforskas därför hur undervisning kan bidra till att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Lärare från tre olika gymnasieskolor och fem ämnesdidaktiska forskare har i tre cykler tillsammans designat, implementerat och analyserat lektioner där elever engagerats i att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. Det preliminära resultatet visar att gymnasieelever kan urskilja och diskutera flera aspekter av vad som kan känneteckna en naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbar fråga. Vidare synliggörs betydelsen av att sätta formuleringen av naturvetenskapliga frågor i relation till att också planera och genomföra en undersökning.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundström, Emeli, et al.
(author)
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HLA-DRB1*04/*13 alleles are associated with vascular disease and antiphospholipid antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2013
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In: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 72:6, s. 1018-1025
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Vascular disease is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at high risk to develop arterial and venous thrombosis. Since HLA class II genotypes have been linked to the presence of pro-thrombotic aPL, we investigated the relationship between HLA-DRB1 alleles, aPL and vascular events in SLE patients.METHODS:665 SLE patients of Caucasian origin and 1403 controls were included. Previous manifestations of ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) and venous thromboembolism (together referred to as any vascular events (AVE)) were tabulated. aPL were measured with ELISA. Two-digit HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by sequence-specific primer-PCR.RESULTS: HLA-DRB1*04 was more frequent among SLE patients with ICVD compared to unaffected patients. This association remained after adjustment for known traditional cardiovascular risk factors. HLA-DRB1*13 was associated with AVE. All measured specificities of aPL—cardiolipin IgG and IgM, β2-glycoprotein-1 IgG, prothrombin (PT) IgG and a positive lupus anticoagulant test were associated with HLA-DRB1*04—while HLA-DRB1*13 was associated with IgG antibodies (β2-glycoprotein-1, cardiolipin and PT). In patients with the combined risk alleles, HLA-DRB1*04/*13, there was a significant additive interaction for the outcomes AVE and ICVD.CONCLUSIONS:The HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*13 alleles are associated with vascular events and an aPL positive immune-phenotype in SLE. Results demonstrate that a subset of SLE patients is genetically disposed to vascular vulnerability.
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| 9. |
- Planting-Bergloo, Sara, 1978-, et al.
(author)
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Att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera undersökningsbara frågor i naturvetenskap : Mangling av en didaktisk modell
- 2021
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In: LUMAT. - : LUMA Centre Finland. - 2323-7112. ; 9:1, s. 774-803
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- En viktig målsättning för naturvetenskaplig undervisning är att utveckla förmågan att formulera undersökningsbara frågor. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur undervisning som utformats med hjälp av metoden Question Formulation Technique (QFT) kan stödja utveckling av elevers förmåga att formulera naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor. QFT är en modell för att utveckla elevers förmåga att formulera och värdera sina egna frågor i allmänhet. I studien prövas QFT i en svensk skolkontext och inom ramen för naturvetenskaplig undervisning. Studien genomfördes som en interventionsstudie i gymnasieskolan och inom ramen för kursen Gymnasiearbete. I kursen ska eleverna genomföra en egen naturvetenskaplig undersökning. QFT användes för att utforma undervisning som del av introduktionen till kursen. Data består av videoinspelningar av elevsamtal från undervisning som har analyserats utifrån ett pragmatiskt ramverk med organiserande syften och praktisk epistemologisk analys. Resultaten visar vilka närliggande syften som etableras i elevernas samtal om undersökningsbara frågor i undervisningen: (A) att producera så många frågor som möjligt, (B) att bedöma vilka frågor som är mest relevanta, (C) att kategorisera frågor, (D) att hitta och specificera ett undersökningsobjekt och (E) att planera för att genomföra en undersökning. Slutsatsen är att QFT kan fungera som stöd för lärares planering av undervisning om naturvetenskapligt undersökningsbara frågor under förutsättning att läraren aktivt stödjer eleverna i att uppmärksamma centrala kvaliteter avseende undersökningsbarhet och genom att binda samman närliggande syften med det övergripande syftet.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
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The unbounded body of the law of rape : the intrusive criterion of non-consent
- 2018
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In: Responsible selves. - : Routledge. - 9781315193656 - 075462160X - 9780815376514 ; , s. 331-352
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the judicial context, the law of rape is plied chiefly around two central concepts: force and non-consent. These concepts are analogues to male and female sexuality and lie at the heart of what may be described as the dichotomy of rape law. When force is part of the legislative definition of rape, non-consent seems to be used in case law as an instrument to decide whether force may be proven. On the contrary, when the legislative definition contains non-consent, force is generally looked at in order to prove non-consent.
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| 12. |
- Diaz-Gallo, Lina-Marcela, et al.
(author)
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Four Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subgroups, Defined by Autoantibodies Status, Differ Regarding HLA-DRB1 Genotype Associations and Immunological and Clinical Manifestations
- 2022
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In: ACR Open Rheumatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2578-5745. ; 4:1, s. 27-39
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) constitutes clinical and therapeutical challenges. We therefore studied whether unrecognized disease subgroups can be identified by using autoantibody profiling together with HLA-DRB1 alleles and immunological and clinical data.Methods: An unsupervised cluster analysis was performed based on detection of 13 SLE-associated autoantibodies (double-stranded DNA, nucleosomes, ribosomal P, ribonucleoprotein [RNP] 68, RNPA, Smith [Sm], Sm/RNP, Sjögren's syndrome antigen A [SSA]/Ro52, SSA/Ro60, Sjögren's syndrome antigen B [SSB]/La, cardiolipin [CL]-Immunoglobulin G [IgG], CL-Immunoglobulin M [IgM], and β2 glycoprotein I [β2 GPI]-IgG) in 911 patients with SLE from two cohorts. We evaluated whether each SLE subgroup is associated with HLA-DRB1 alleles, clinical manifestations (n = 743), and cytokine levels in circulation (n = 446).Results: Our analysis identified four subgroups among the patients with SLE. Subgroup 1 (29.3%) was dominated by anti-SSA/Ro60/Ro52/SSB autoantibodies and was strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*03 (odds ratio [OR] = 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.52-4.94). Discoid lesions were more common for this disease subgroup (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.18-2.47). Subgroup 2 (28.7%) was dominated by anti-nucleosome/SmRNP/DNA/RNPA autoantibodies and associated with HLA-DRB1*15 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.41-1.84). Nephritis was most common in this subgroup (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.14-2.26). Subgroup 3 (23.8%) was characterized by anti-ß2 GPI-IgG/anti-CL-IgG/IgM autoantibodies and a higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 compared with the other patients with SLE. Vascular events were more common in Subgroup 3 (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.2-2.5). Subgroup 4 (18.2%) was negative for the investigated autoantibodies, and this subgroup was not associated with HLA-DRB1. Additionally, the levels of eight cytokines significantly differed among the disease subgroups.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that four fairly distinct subgroups can be identified on the basis of the autoantibody profile in SLE. These four SLE subgroups differ regarding associations with HLA-DRB1 alleles and immunological and clinical features, suggesting dissimilar disease pathways.
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| 13. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(author)
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Balancing wood production and biodiversity in intensively managed boreal forest
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fennoscandian boreal forests are managed intensively for wood production, which has had a negative impact on biodiversity. The harvesting pressure on the forests is likely to increase in the future because wood is seen as an important resource in a bio-based economy. Thus, there is an urgent need to better describe the trade-offs between wood production and biodiversity, and to understand how these trade-offs can be alleviated by adapting forest management. Encompassing a broad range of biodiversity aspects, we studied how forest management can increase biodiversity indicators while maintaining or increasing current harvest levels. We found that there is considerable leeway for forestry to pursue multiple objectives simultaneously in Fennoscandian forest landscapes. We show that it is possible to both increase harvests and structural elements of importance for biodiversity compared to present levels in a forest landscape that is representative of conditions in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Achieving this requires a variation in management strategies at the landscape level, and an adaptation of management practices to explicitly consider and implement multiple objectives in the planning process.
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| 14. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(author)
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Management Strategies for Wood Fuel Harvesting-Trade-Offs with Biodiversity and Forest Ecosystem Services
- 2020
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bioenergy is expected to contribute to mitigating climate change. One major source for bioenergy is woody biomass from forests, including logging residues, stumps, and whole trees from young dense stands. However, at increased extraction rates of woody biomass, the forest ecosystem, its biodiversity, and its ability to contribute to fundamental ecosystem services will be affected. We used simulation and optimization techniques to assess the impact of different management strategies on the supply of bioenergy and the trade-offs between wood fuel harvesting, biodiversity, and three other ecosystem services-reindeer husbandry, carbon storage, and recreation. The projections covered 100 years and a forest area of 3 million ha in northern Sweden. We found that the development of novel and cost-effective management systems for biomass outtake from young dense stands may provide options for a significant supply of bioenergy to the emerging bioeconomy, while at the same time securing biodiversity and important ecosystem values in future stand developments. In addition, there is potential to increase the extraction of harvest residues and stumps while simultaneously improving conditions for biodiversity and the amount of carbon stored in forest ecosystems compared to current levels. However, the projected continuing trend of increased forest density (in terms of basal area) has a negative impact on the potential for reindeer husbandry and recreation, which calls for researching new management strategies on landscape levels.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gerhardsson, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Does insufficient sleep affect how you learn from reward or punishment? Reinforcement learning after 2 nights of sleep restriction
- 2021
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In: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 30:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To learn from feedback (trial and error) is essential for all species. Insufficient sleep has been found to reduce the sensitivity to feedback as well as increase reward sensitivity. To determine whether insufficient sleep alters learning from positive and negative feedback, healthy participants (n = 32, mean age 29.0 years, 18 women) were tested once after normal sleep (8 hr time in bed for 2 nights) and once after 2 nights of sleep restriction (4 hr/night) on a probabilistic selection task where learning behaviour was evaluated in three ways: as generalised learning, short-term win-stay/lose-shift learning strategies, and trial-by-trial learning rate. Sleep restriction did not alter the sensitivity to either positive or negative feedback on generalised learning. Also, short-term win-stay/lose-shift strategies were not affected by sleep restriction. Similarly, results from computational models that assess the trial-by-trial update of stimuli value demonstrated no difference between sleep conditions after the first block. However, a slower learning rate from negative feedback when evaluating all learning blocks was found after sleep restriction. Despite a marked increase in sleepiness and slowed learning rate for negative feedback, sleep restriction did not appear to alter strategies and generalisation of learning from positive or negative feedback.
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| 17. |
- Gulyas, Miklos, et al.
(author)
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COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
- 2018
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In: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 244-250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition.Methods: In a multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells. For each compartment, COX-2 expression was graded as high or low, based on a product score of extension and intensity of positively stained cells.Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.81–1.27 and HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.78–1.61, respectively). High COX-2 scores in tumor (n = 71) or stromal cells (n = 55) was not associated with a superior survival outcome with celecoxib vs. placebo (HR =0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.54; and HR =1.51; 95% CI 0.86–2.66), and no significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p = .48 and .25, respectively).Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated within the context of a randomized trial, we could not detect any interaction effect of COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and the outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
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| 18. |
- Hasselquist, Eliza Maher, et al.
(author)
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Moving towards multi-layered, mixed-species forests in riparian buffers will enhance their long-term function in boreal landscapes
- 2021
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 493
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Riparian buffers are the primary tool in forest management for protecting the habitat structure and function of streams. They help protect against biogeochemical perturbation, filter sediments and nutrients, prevent erosion, contribute food to aquatic organisms, regulate light and hence water temperature, contribute deadwood, and preserve biodiversity. However, in production forests of Sweden and Finland, many headwater streams have been straightened, ditched, and/or channelized, resulting in altered hydrology and reduced natural disturbance by floods, which in turn affects important riparian functions. Furthermore, in even-aged management systems as practiced in much of Fennoscandia, understory trees have usually been cleared right up to the stream’s edge during thinning operations, especially around small, headwater streams. Fire suppression has further favored succession towards shade tolerant species. In the regions within Fennoscandia that have experienced this combination of intensive management and lack of natural disturbance, riparian zones are now dominated by single-storied, native Norway spruce. When the adjacent forest is cut, thin (5 - 15m) conifer-dominated riparian buffers are typically left. These buffers do not provide the protection and subsidies, in terms of leaf litter quality, needed to maintain water quality or support riparian or aquatic biodiversity. Based on a literature review, we found compelling evidence that the ecological benefits of multi-layered, mixed-species riparian forest with a large component of broadleaved species are higher than what is now commonly found in the managed stands of Fennoscandia. To improve the functionality of riparian zones, and hence the protection of streams in managed forest landscapes, we present some basic principles that could be used to enhance the ecological function of these interfaces. These management actions should be prioritized on streams and streamside stands that have been affected by simplification either through forest management or hydrological modification. Key to these principles is the planning and managing of buffer zones as early as possible in the rotation to ensure improved function throughout the rotation cycle and not only at final felling. This is well in line with EU and national legislation which can be interpreted as requiring landscape planning at all forest ages to meet biodiversity and other environmental goals. However, it is still rare that planning for conservation is done other than at the final felling stage. Implementing this new strategy is likely to have long-term positive effects and improve the protection of surface waters from negative forestry effects and a history of fire suppression. By following these suggested management principles, there will be a longer time period with high function and greater future management flexibility in addition to the benefits provided by leaving riparian buffers at the final felling stage.
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| 19. |
- Herlevi, Heidi, et al.
(author)
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Environmental abundances of the non-native round goby Neogobius melanostomus influence feeding of native fish predators
- 2023
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In: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 102:6, s. 1340-1357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors assessed the importance of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus as prey for three native predatory fish species, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, European perch Perca fluviatilis and northern pike Esox lucius, in a northern and southern area of the Baltic Proper, using a combination of visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding of predator stomach contents. To explore the influence of environmental abundances of N. melanostomus on predation, they related the occurrence of N. melanostomus in predator diets to its abundance in survey fishing. Gadus morhua and E. lucius in the southern area showed the highest tendency to feed on N. melanostomus when it was abundant, as N. melanostomus occurred in up to 100% of stomachs and constituted up to 88% of the total diet volume proportion. The diet contribution of N. melanostomus was associated with N. melanostomus abundances for G. morhua and E. lucius, and when N. melanostomus was abundant, these predators exhibited lower prey richness and a higher degree of piscivory. G. morhua and P. fluviatilis also fed less on crustacean prey when N. melanostomus was abundant. The high importance of N. melanostomus in diets of native fish predators may modify indirect interactions between N. melanostomus and native prey species in invaded coastal communities.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hof, Anouschka, et al.
(author)
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Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services in Boreal Forests
- 2023
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In: Boreal Forests in the Face of Climate Change : sustainable management. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783031159879 ; :74, s. 613-636
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With the increasing effects of climate change, a rapid development of effective approaches and tools are needed to maintain forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The response, or lack thereof, of forest managers to climate change and its impacts on ecosystem services will have broad ramifications. Here we give an overview of approaches used to predict impacts of climate change and management scenarios for a range of ecosystem services provided by the boreal forest, including timber supply, carbon sequestration, bioenergy provision, and habitat for wildlife and biodiversity. We provide examples of research in the field and summarize the outstanding challenges.
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| 22. |
- Klein, Julian, et al.
(author)
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Climate targets in European timber-producing countries conflict with goals on forest ecosystem services and biodiversity
- 2023
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In: Communications earth & environment. - 2662-4435. ; 4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of increased timber harvests in reaching climate mitigation targets for European countries will be limited if the protection of forest ecosystem services and biodiversity is to be achieved, suggests an empirical forest model driven by future scenarios to limit warming to 1.5 degrees C in 2100.The European Union (EU) set clear climate change mitigation targets to reach climate neutrality, accounting for forests and their woody biomass resources. We investigated the consequences of increased harvest demands resulting from EU climate targets. We analysed the impacts on national policy objectives for forest ecosystem services and biodiversity through empirical forest simulation and multi-objective optimization methods. We show that key European timber-producing countries - Finland, Sweden, Germany (Bavaria) - cannot fulfil the increased harvest demands linked to the ambitious 1.5 degrees C target. Potentials for harvest increase only exists in the studied region Norway. However, focusing on EU climate targets conflicts with several national policies and causes adverse effects on multiple ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that the role of forests and their timber resources in achieving climate targets and societal decarbonization should not be overstated. Our study provides insight for other European countries challenged by conflicting policies and supports policymakers.
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| 23. |
- Lindskog, Magnus, et al.
(author)
-
Fluid therapy is associated with lower care quality and higher symptom burden during last days of life of patients with cancer : a population-based register study
- 2024
-
In: BMC Palliative Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-684X. ; 23:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Parenteral fluid (PF) therapy of patients in end-of-life (EOL) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between PF, quality of the EOL care process and symptom burden in dying cancer patients, using a population-based approach.Methods: This was a nationwide retrospective register study of all adult cancer deaths with documented information on PF in the last 24 h of life as reported to the Swedish Register of Palliative Care during a three-year period (n = 41,709). Prevalence and relief of symptoms during the last week of life as well as EOL care process quality indicators were assessed in relation to PF in those patients who had a documented decision to focus on EOL care (immediately dying, n = 23,112). Odds ratios were calculated, adjusting for place of death (hospital vs. non-hospital).Results: PF was administered to 30.9% of immediately dying patients in hospitals compared to 6.5% outside of hospitals. PF was associated with a higher likelihood for breathlessness and nausea. In patients screened for EOL symptoms with a validated instrument, PF was inversely associated with the likelihood of complete relief of breathlessness, respiratory secretions, anxiety, nausea and pain. Several palliative care quality indicators were inversely associated with PF, including EOL conversations and prescriptions of injectable drugs as needed. These associations were more pronounced in hospitals.Conclusions: Parenteral fluid therapy in the last 24 h of life was associated with inferior quality of the EOL care process and with increased symptom burden in imminently dying cancer patients.
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| 24. |
- Lundström, Annika, et al.
(author)
-
Vilse, a conserved Rac/Cdc42 GAP mediating Robo repulsion in tracheal cells and axons
- 2004
-
In: Genes & Development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 18:17, s. 2161-2171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Slit proteins steer the migration of many cell types through their binding to Robo receptors, but how Robo controls cell motility is not clear. We describe the functional analysis of vilse, a Drosophila gene required for Robo repulsion in epithelial cells and axons. Vilse defines a conserved family of RhoGAPs (Rho GTPase-activating proteins), with representatives in flies and vertebrates. The phenotypes of vilse mutants resemble the tracheal and axonal phenotypes of Slit and Robo mutants at the CNS midline. Dosage-sensitive genetic interactions between vilse, slit, and robo mutants suggest that vilse is a component of robo signaling. Moreover, overexpression of Vilse in the trachea of robo mutants ameliorates the phenotypes of robo, indicating that Vilse acts downstream of Robo to mediate midline repulsion. Vilse and its human homolog bind directly to the intracellular domains of the corresponding Robo receptors and promote the hydrolysis of RacGTP and, less efficiently, of Cdc42GTP. These results together with genetic interaction experiments with robo, vilse, and rac mutants suggest a mechanism whereby Robo repulsion is mediated by the localized inactivation of Rac through Vilse.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Lundström Gondouin, Johanna, 1972-
(author)
-
Per Olof Sundman
- 2012
-
In: Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Band 34. - Stockholm : Riksarkivet. ; , s. 285-285
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lundström (Gondouin), Johanna
(author)
-
Terrängbeskrivning. P. O. Sundman, moderniteten och medmänniskan
- 2006
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relationship between aesthetics, modernity andsociaJ interaction in Sundman's works. Sundman is known for his behavioristic, "objective"narrative method as Linked to an epistemological, sceptical view of reality as conventionallyunders tood. However the dissertation shows how the formal distinctiveness of Sundman'snarratives prove to coincide with a critical scrutiny of modernity understood as an ar onceexistential and social condition. The thesis' approach is textual-analytical and historical. Close readings of the texts considered as Literary artefacts are related to a historical contextsummarized in the term modernity.The examination takes as its starting-point an analysis of Sundman's two short-fiction collections Jägarna (The Hunter;, 1957) and Sökarna (The Searchers, 1963). Thereafter it treats Sundman's novels Undersökningen (The Investigation, 1958), Skytten (The Marksman, 1960) and Expeditionen (The Expedition, 1962.) in chronological order. These texts together display the spectrum of Sundman's critiques of modernity. The narratological analysis is concentrated upon focalization and narrator functions. Other forms of presentation studied are repetition,parataxis and deixis. The analysis lays bare complications in the mimetic aesthetics of the narratives involved, and show how Sundman's objective rhetoric functions as a legitimizing strategy. These aspects are then related co the fundamental issues of social interaction depicted in the narratives; in sum revealed as a problematic of unmotivated giving and receiving.Regarding the theme of modernity, the terms rationality, bureaucracy and Gemeinschaft-Gesellschaft are central to the study. The analysis on the one hand shows Sundman's texts thematizing modernity as a paradoxical phenomenon, on the other hand that precisely its paradoxical nature sheds significant light on contradictions inherent co Sundman's own authorship. The ideology criticized by Sundman is in other words simultaneously found fundamental to his own basic outlook as a writer. The struggle made evident in the texts between an authoritarian fixation upon theoretical knowledge and an open-ended giving and receiving acquires much of its tension by the ambiguity of the narration and is at length laid bare as a contradiction inherenc to modernity itself Modernity thus becomes a "formal" and"material" theme launched in Sundman's oeuvre while at the same time forming its essential prerequisite. The dissertation considers the intra-human conflicts depicted in Sundman's worksas forming a complex of problems linked to modern life. Sundman's staging of unmotivated giving and receiving as a way of conceiving human relations thus appears as a comprehensively political figure of thought.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Comparing buffer zone alternatives in forest planning using a decision support system
- 2018
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 33, s. 493-501
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased awareness of the connection between forest management activities and negative effects on water quality means that forestry needs to consider its potential impact on the aquatic environment when planning operations. Protective buffer zones are effective, but their design can vary. To be able to incorporate up-to-date scientific theory into practical applications easy-to-use planning tools are needed. In this study, we evaluate different buffer zone alternatives by using the freely available decision support system Heureka. The consequences on both economic and ecological values over a time period of 100 years were evaluated for two buffer zone approaches and three management alternatives within the buffer zones. Results indicated that there is a trade-off between economic and ecological values when managing the buffer zones. To be able to perform the analyses within Heureka, a new tool was developed. This software development provides access to a forest planning tool that can help improve nature conservation.
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| 31. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Considering Future Potential Regarding Structural Diversity in Selection of Forest Reserves
- 2016
-
In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A rich structural diversity in forests promotes biodiversity. Forests are dynamic and therefore it is crucial to consider future structural potential when selecting reserves, to make robust conservation decisions. We analyzed forests in boreal Sweden based on 17,599 National Forest Inventory (NFI) plots with the main aim to understand how effectiveness of reserves depends on the time dimension in the selection process, specifically by considering future structural diversity. In the study both the economic value and future values of 15 structural variables were simulated during a 100 year period. To get a net present structural value (NPSV), a single value covering both current and future values, we used four discounting alternatives: (1) only considering present values, (2) giving equal importance to values in each of the 100 years within the planning horizon, (3) applying an annual discount rate considering the risk that values could be lost, and (4) only considering the values in year 100. The four alternatives were evaluated in a reserve selection model under budget-constrained and area-constrained selections. When selecting young forests higher structural richness could be reached at a quarter of the cost over almost twice the area in a budget-constrained selection compared to an area-constrained selection. Our results point to the importance of considering future structural diversity in the selection of forest reserves and not as is done currently to base the selection on existing values. Targeting future values increases structural diversity and implies a relatively lower cost. Further, our results show that a re-orientation from old to young forests would imply savings while offering a more extensive reserve network with high structural qualities in the future. However, caution must be raised against a drastic reorientation of the current old-forest strategy since remnants of ancient forests will need to be prioritized due to their role for disturbance-sensitive species.
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| 32. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Cost-effective age structure and geographical distribution of boreal forest reserves
- 2011
-
In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 48, s. 133-142
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- P>1. Forest reserves are established to preserve biodiversity, and to maintain natural functions and processes. Today there is heightened focus on old-growth stages, with less attention given to early successional stages. The biodiversity potential of younger forests has been overlooked, and the cost-effectiveness of incorporating different age classes in reserve networks has not yet been studied.2. We performed a reserve selection analysis in boreal Sweden using the Swedish National Forest Inventory plots. Seventeen structural variables were used as biodiversity indicators, and the cost of protecting each plot as a reserve was assessed using the Heureka system. A goal programming approach was applied, which allowed inclusion of several objectives and avoided a situation in which common indicators affected the result more than rare ones. The model was limited either by budget or area.3. All biodiversity indicators were found in all age classes, with more than half having the highest values in ages >= 100 years. Several large-tree indicators and all deadwood indicators had higher values in forests 0-14 years than in forests 15-69 years.4. It was most cost-effective to protect a large proportion of young forests since they generally have a lower net present value compared to older forests, but still contain structures of importance for biodiversity. However, it was more area-effective to protect a large proportion of old forests since they have a higher biodiversity potential per area.5. The geographical distribution of reserves selected with the budget-constrained model was strongly biassed towards the north-western section of boreal Sweden, with a large proportion of young forest, whereas the area-constrained model focussed on the south-eastern section, with dominance by the oldest age class.6. Synthesis and applications. We show that young forests with large amounts of structures important to biodiversity such as dead wood and remnant trees are cheap and cost-efficient to protect. This suggests that reserve networks should incorporate sites with high habitat quality of different forest ages. Since young forests are generally neglected in conservation, our approach is of interest also to other forest biomes where biodiversity is adapted to disturbance regimes resulting in open, early successional stages.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
How reserve selection is affected by preferences in Swedish boreal forests
- 2014
-
In: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 41, s. 40-50
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is important to consider the preferences of the various stakeholders involved when evaluating effective reserve selection, since it is largely their preferences that determine which of a given set of potential reserve networks that actually is "the best". We interviewed eight conservation planners working at the county administrative boards in each of the eight administrative counties covering boreal Sweden to establish weightings for different structural biodiversity indicators by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The subjective weightings were applied in a reserve selection model based on a goal programming (GP) approach. The structural indicators were derived from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) and used as proxy for biodiversity potential. A biodiversity indicator score, based on the values of those indicators, was maximized. The model adjusted this score ensuring that all indicators were represented in the selection, and further also adjusted the influence of the indicators based on the subjective weightings. We evaluated the GP approach by comparing it to a simple linear programming (LP) formulation, only maximizing the indicator richness. In all cases the model was limited either by a budget or an area. The biodiversity potential in young forests are often neglected within present conservation policies, however, the proportion of selected forest under 15 years was relatively high in all our cost-effective cases, varying between 32% and 60% using the individual planners subjective weightings, compared to 80% when using a simple LP model. The proportion of selected forest over 100 years varied between 69% and 85% in the area-effective cases using the subjective weightings, compared to 80% when using a simple LP model. Middle-aged forest was not favored in any of the selections, although they make up a substantial part of the total area. We conclude that there are differences in how conservation planners prioritize the indicators, and depending on how specific biodiversity indicators are weighted the age distribution of the selected reserves differs. This demonstrates the importance of considering how to establish appropriate weightings. It is also important to consider the, at least in our case, substantial difference in how common the different indicators are to ensure that the weightings get their intended impact on the selections. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Lekande lätt att lära ut fysik : Teaching physics is child's play
- 2012
-
In: Partille Nyheter. ; 2012:5 jan
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- När professorn Ann-Marie Mårtensson Pendrill ska undervisa barn i fysik går hon gärna till en lekpark eller ett nöjesfält. De är nämligen utmärkta platser att demonstrera Newtons lagar på.
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| 36. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Lekande lätt att lära ut fysik
- 2012
-
In: Partille Nyheter.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- När professorn Ann-Marie Mårtensson Pendrill ska undervisa barn i fysik går hon gärna till en lekpark eller ett nöjesfält. De är nämligen utmärkta platser att demonstrera Newtons lagar på.
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| 37. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
Lichen species richness on retained aspens increases with time since clear-cutting
- 2013
-
In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 293, s. 49-56
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In modem forestry, attempts to mitigate negative effects on biodiversity include the integration of conservation actions into forestry activities, e.g. by leaving trees at harvesting. This practice has been used on a large scale for more than two decades without solid scientific support of whether desirable effects are achieved or not. To increase the knowledge of changes in the lichen flora on retained aspen trees (Populus tremula) with time since clear-cutting we made a study in boreal Sweden where 720 retained aspens in 24 stands were surveyed. Twelve stands were clear-felled 0-4 years and 12 where clear-felled 10-16 years prior to the inventory. Total lichen species richness increased with time since clear-cutting, as did richness of aspen-dependent lichens and lichens adapted to open environments. There was no difference between the age classes regarding the number of cyanolichens. We show that retained aspens function as lifeboats for old-forest lichens and as a new habitat for lichens adapted to open, sun-exposed habitats. Our results indicate that epiphytic species richness on retained trees is higher after the logging, due to coexistence of remaining species and colonizing species. We suggest that the retention of old aspen and the promotion of aspen generation in the production forest would benefit epiphytic lichens and are thus important conservation measures. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundström, Jan O., et al.
(author)
-
Transstadial Transmission of Francisella tularensis holarctica in Mosquitoes, Sweden
- 2011
-
In: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 17:5, s. 794-799
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In Sweden, human cases of tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis holarctica are assumed to be transmitted by mosquitoes, but how mosquito vectors acquire and transmit the bacterium is not clear. To determine how transmission of this bacterium occurs, mosquito larvae were collected in an area where tularemia is endemic, brought to the laboratory, and reared to adults in their original pond water. Screening of adult mosquitoes by real-time PCR demonstrated F tularensis IpnA sequences in 14 of the 48 mosquito pools tested; IpnA sequences were demonstrated in 6 of 9 identified mosquito species. Further analysis confirmed the presence of F tularensis holarctica-specific 30-bp deletion region sequences (FtM19inDel) in water from breeding containers and in 3 mosquito species (Aedes sticticus, Ae. vexans, and Ae. punctor) known to take blood from humans. Our results suggest that the mosquitoes that transmit F tularensis holarctica during tularemia outbreaks acquire the bacterium already as larvae.
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| 40. |
- Lundström, Johanna
(author)
-
Reserve selection in boreal forest : focusing on young forest biodiversity potential
- 2013
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most boreal forests in North Europe are intensively managed, and the forest landscape is far from its natural stage leading to hundreds of species being threatened in Sweden alone. Reserves are established to protect biodiversity, but since the resources available for conservation do not cover all species in need of protection, effective prioritization is essential. In this thesis, a reserve selection model based on a goal programming approach was developed, finding the optimal age composition of reserves in boreal Sweden under different prerequisites. Forest data were derived from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) and the amount of structural indicators (proxy for biodiversity) registered in the NFI were maximized while simultaneously reassuring that all indicators were represented. I wanted to investigate how reserve selection could be made more effective by considering: (1) cost, (2) subjective preferences, and (3) future biodiversity potential, where the development over time was simulated using the forest analysis and planning tool Heureka PlanWise. To evaluate species response to retained structures in young managed forest, lichen species richness on retained aspen trees was surveyed. Results show that young forest is a cost-effective alternative. The proportion of young forest varied from 46% when subjective preferences were considered, to 76% when only the future values were considered. The cost-effective models were contrasted with area-effective models to show the pros and cons with such approaches. The area-constrained models often selected a more or less large proportion of old forest (77% when subjective preferences were considered, but 13% when only future values were considered), and were more expensive but covered less area to reach the same biodiversity value. In the aspen study higher lichen species richness was found on the retained trees that had been exposed for a longer time, including easily dispersed species and species often found in old forest. Scientists alone cannot find the optimal reserve network, since it depends on the goals that are set by society and how success is valued. Decision makers have to integrate societal, ecological and economic data and balance short term and long term constraints in terms of cost and available area in order to design cost-effective conservation strategies.
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| 41. |
- Lundström, Johanna, et al.
(author)
-
The effect of dehydration rates on anhydrobiotic survival and trehalose levels in tardigrades
- 2006
-
In: Tsunami. - 1651-5803. ; :3
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- The disaccharide trehalose is an important factor in many anhydrobiotic organisms, as it has a strong stabilizing effect on proteins and enzymes under desiccation. Trehalose has the ability to maintain biological structures at low water levels that would otherwise lead to irreversible denaturation. The rate at which anhydrobiotic tardigrades desiccate influence the probability to survive during a dry period, and this has earlier been documented in studies on nematodes. In this study we experimentally evaluated the effect of desiccation rate on trehalose production and anhydrobiotic survival in two tardigrade species, by using different relative humidities in desiccators. In R. coronifer the analysed trehalose level increased significantly with higher relative humidity during desiccation. In M. cf. hufelandi no such increase was observed. The survival increased at higher humidities and the revival rate showed the same pattern. We suggest that total desiccation is necessary before revival at humidities lower than about 70%. The desiccation rate in nature is not well known. Our results show high survival in lower humidities which suggest that the animals are able to cope with a wide range of desiccation rates.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Lundström, Patrik, et al.
(author)
-
Effectiveness of Prophylactic Antibiotics in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients Undergoing Planned Cholecystectomy
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1091-255X .- 1873-4626. ; 14:2, s. 329-334
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the absence of randomized controlled trials with sufficient power to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics (PA), the best evidence is provided by large population-based register studies. The Swedish Register of Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) started in May 2005 and reached 75% national coverage in 2007. During 2006 and 2007, a total of 16,400 operations were registered in GallRiks. In the present study, all elective procedures performed in 2006-2007 in units performing at least 25 operations annually were included in an analysis of the risk for postoperative infectious complications Altogether 10,927 procedures were performed 2006-2007. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a paradoxical increase in postoperative infectious complications requiring antibiotic treatment and postoperative abscess if PA were given (p < 0.05). This increase disappeared in multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, gender, presence of cholecystitis, accidental gallbladder perforation, and presence of bile duct stones. No benefit from PA was seen in this study on elective cholecystectomy. Although a randomized controlled trial could possibly show a reduction in the risk for postoperative infectious complications not detected in this study, such a reduction must be weighed against the risk of promoting drug resistance by the widespread use of PA.
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| 44. |
- Lämås, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
The multi-faceted Swedish Heureka forest decision support system: context, functionality, design, and 10 years experiences of its use
- 2023
-
In: Frontiers in forests and global change. - 2624-893X. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For several decades, computerized forest decision support systems (DSS) have helped managers and decision makers to analyze different management options and supported the search for preferred management alternatives. In Sweden, a country rich in forests and with a long tradition in intensive forest management, such systems have been developed and available since the 1970s. Changes in societal as well as in forest owners' preferences and objectives in the 1990s led to a need for forest DSS handling broader perspectives compared to precedent single-objective timber-oriented systems. In Sweden, this led to the initiation of a research programme in the beginning of the 2000s aiming at developing a versatile and multi-objective forest DSS, resulting in the first version of the Heureka forest DSS released in 2009. The system handles several forest values, such as timber and biofuel production, carbon sequestration, dead wood dynamics, habitat for species, recreation and susceptibility to forest damages (spruce bark beetle, wind-throw and root rot). It contains a suite of software for different problem settings and geographical scales and uses simulation as well as optimization techniques. Three software handle projections of the forest using a common core of growth and yield models for simulating forest dynamics. A fourth software, built for multi-criteria decision analysis and including a web-version, enables also group decision making and participatory planning. For more than 10 years, the Heureka system has been used in teaching, environmental analysis, research and as decision support in practical forestry. For example, several research groups using the system for analyses in different problem areas have so far published more than 80 scientific papers. The system is used for nation-wide forest impact analysis for policy support and all large and many medium-sized forest owners use it for their long-term forest planning, meaning that it directly influences forest management decisions and activities on more than 50% of the Swedish forest area. Besides presenting the present system and its use, we also discuss lessons learned and potential future development.
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| 45. |
- Mazziotta, Adriano, et al.
(author)
-
More future synergies and less trade-offs between forest ecosystem services with natural climate solutions instead of bioeconomy solutions
- 2022
-
In: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28, s. 6333-6348
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To reach the Paris Agreement, societies need to increase the global terrestrial carbon sink. There are many climate change mitigation solutions (CCMS) for forests, including increasing bioenergy, bioeconomy, and protection. Bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions use climate-smart, intensive management to generate high quantities of bioenergy and bioproducts. Protection of (semi-)natural forests is a major component of "natural climate solution" (NCS) since forests store carbon in standing biomass and soil. Furthermore, protected forests provide more habitat for biodiversity and non-wood ecosystem services (ES). We investigated the impacts of different CCMS and climate scenarios, jointly or in isolation, on future wood ES, non-wood ES, and regulating ES for a major wood provider for the international market. Specifically, we projected future ES given by three CCMS scenarios for Sweden 2020-2100. In the long term, fulfilling the increasing wood demand through bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will decrease ES multifunctionality, but the increased stand age and wood stocks induced by rising greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations will partially offset these negative effects. Adopting bioenergy and bioeconomy solutions will have a greater negative impact on ES supply than adopting NCS. Bioenergy or bioeconomy solutions, as well as increasing GHG emissions, will reduce synergies and increase trade-offs in ES. NCS, by contrast, increases the supply of multiple ES in synergy, even transforming current ES trade-offs into future synergies. Moreover, NCS can be considered an adaptation measure to offset negative climate change effects on the future supplies of non-wood ES. In boreal countries around the world, forestry strategies that integrate NCS more deeply are crucial to ensure a synergistic supply of multiple ES.
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| 46. |
- Moraes Holst, Luiza, et al.
(author)
-
Downregulated Mucosal Autophagy, Alpha Kinase-1 and IL-17 Signaling Pathways in Active and Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis
- 2022
-
In: Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7023. ; 15, s. 129-144
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Improved mucosal immune profiling in active and quiescent colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is needed to develop therapeutic options for treating and preventing flares. This study therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive mucosal characterization with emphasis on immunological host response of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC active), UC during remission (UC remission) and active colonic Crohn's disease (CD active).Methods: Colonic biopsies from 47 study subjects were collected for gene expression and pathway analyses using the NanoString host-response panel, including 776 genes and 56 immune-related pathways.Results: The majority of mucosal gene expression and signaling pathway scores were increased in active IBD (n=27) compared to healthy subjects (n=10). However, both active IBD and UC remission (n=10) demonstrated decreased gene expression and signaling pathway scores related to autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways compared to healthy subjects. Further, UC remission was characterized by decreased scores of several signaling pathways linked to homeostasis along with increased mononuclear cell migration pathway score as compared to healthy subjects. No major differences in the colonic mucosal gene expression between CD active (n=7) and UC (n=20) active were observed.Conclusion: This study indicates that autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways are persistently downregulated in UC irrespective of disease activity. Further, UC patients in remission present a unique mucosal environment, potentially preventing patients from reaching and sustaining true homeostasis. These findings may enable better comprehension of the remitting and relapsing pattern of colonic IBD and guide future treatment and prevention of flares.
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| 47. |
- Nousiainen, Kevät, et al.
(author)
-
Preface
- 2018
-
In: Responsible Selves. - 9780815376514 - 9781351758734 - 9781315193656
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 48. |
- Nousiainen, Kevät, et al.
(author)
-
Responsible selves
- 2018
-
Book (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This title was first published in 2001. In the Nordic countries women are considered equal to men. Advanced social and economic rights are often given as the explanation for the equality. In this volume, Nordic feminist legal scholars give a more contradictory image of gender equality. The gendered construction of the legal subject and the legal understanding of gender have a two-pronged potential, both to change and to reproduce gender relations. Nordic women have been considered responsible for upholding the gendered social system - as "responsible selves" rather than as individuals engaged in rights discourse. The authors claim, with examples, that the belief in equality has made certain discriminative practices difficult to recognize and conceptualize. Also a transformation of the social welfare system puts the collective equality policies to the test.
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| 49. |
|
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| 50. |
- Pålsson, Simon Henry, et al.
(author)
-
Registration of health-related quality of life in a cohort of patients undergoing cholecystectomy.
- 2011
-
In: ISRN Gastroenterology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-4398 .- 2090-4401. ; 2011
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Assessment of gallstone surgery's impact on quality of life (QoL) requires a reliable instrument with sufficient responsiveness. The instrument should also enable estimation of each individual's expected condition in an unaffected state. Materials and Methods. The Swedish Register for Gallstone Surgery and ERCP (GallRiks) registers indications, complications, results, and QoL-outcome of gallstone surgery. In 2008, 68 hospitals were registered in GallRiks. Between 2007 and 2008, SF-36 (a short form health survey) was filled in 1-2 weeks pre- and 6-9 months postoperatively at five of the units. Expected scores were determined from an age- and gender-matched Swedish population (AGMSP). Results. Of the 330 patients, 212 responded to SF36 pre- and postoperatively (RR = 64%; 212/330). Standardized response means ranged from 0.20 to 0.93 for the SF-36 subscores. Highest responsiveness was seen for bodily pain. Preoperatively, all subscores were significantly lower than in the AGMSP (all P < .05). Six months postoperatively, there was no significant difference between any of the observed and expected quality of life subscales. Conclusion. SF-36 is a useful instrument for measuring the impact of gallstone surgery on QoL. The postinterventional health status equalled or even exceeded the AGMSP for all subscales.
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