| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Björk, Magnus, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Exposed Datapath for Efficient Computing
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We introduce FlexCore, which is the first exemplar of a processor based on the FlexSoC processor paradigm. TheFlexCore utilizes an exposed datapath for increased performance. Microbenchmarks yield a performance boost of a factor of two over a traditional five-stage pipeline with the same functional units as the FlexCore.We describe our approach to compiling for the FlexCore.A flexible interconnect allows the FlexCore datapath to bedynamically reconfigured as a consequence of code generation. Additionally, specialized functional units may be introduced and utilized within the same architecture and compilation framework. The exposed datapath requires a wide control word. The conducted evaluation of two micro benchmarks confirms that this increases the instruction bandwidth and memory footprint. This calls for an efficient instruction decoding as proposed in the FlexSoC paradigm.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Karl-Axel, et al.
(författare)
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The quality assurance process for the ARTSCAN head and neck study - a practical interactive approach for QA in 3DCRT and IMRT.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 87:2, s. 290-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This paper describes the quality assurance (QA) work performed in the Swedish multicenter ARTSCAN (Accelerated RadioTherapy of Squamous cell CArcinomas in the head and Neck) trial to guarantee high quality in a multicenter study which involved modern radiotherapy such as 3DCRT or IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was closed in June 2006 with 750 randomised patients. Radiation therapy-related data for every patient were sent by each participating centre to the QA office where all trial data were reviewed, analysed and stored. In case of any deviation from the protocol, an interactive process was started between the QA office and the local responsible clinician and/or physicist to increase the compliance to the protocol for future randomised patients. Meetings and workshops were held on a regular basis for discussions on various trial-related issues and for the QA office to report on updated results. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This review covers the 734 patients out of a total of 750 who had entered the study. Deviations early in the study were corrected so that the overall compliance to the protocol was very high. There were only negligible variations in doses and dose distributions to target volumes for each specific site and stage. The quality of the treatments was high. Furthermore, an extensive database of treatment parameters was accumulated for future dose-volume vs. endpoint evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive QA programme increased the probability to draw firm conclusions from our study and may serve as a concept for QA work in future radiotherapy trials where comparatively small effects are searched for in a heterogeneous tumour population.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Urban, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of Indonesian and Sino-Himalayan region bush warblers (Cettia, Aves)
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 41:3, s. 556-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a hypothesis for the phylogeny and phylogeography of a group of bush warblers in the genus Cettia, based on parts of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene and the nuclear myoglobin intron II (in all similar to 1.7 kb). Ancestral areas were reconstructed by dispersal-vicariance analysis and constrained Bayesian inference. The results suggest that the insular taxa in the Cettia vulcania group are most closely related to Cettia flavolivacea, and originated from a dispersal by an ancestral population in the Himalayas towards the south, to the Sunda region. From this population, a second dispersal along a different route colonized China and northern Vietnam. Hence, the Chinese taxon intricata and Vietnamese oblita, currently allocated to C. flavoliuacea, are more closely related to the vulcania group than to the other taxa in the flavolivacea group, and we propose that they be treated as conspecific with C vulcania, restricting C. flavolivacea to Myanmar and the Himalayas.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sjöberg, Mats, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Infliximab or cyclosporine as rescue therapy in hospitalized patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis : a retrospective observational study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 18:2, s. 212-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cyclosporine (CsA) or infliximab (IFX) are used as rescue therapies in steroid-refractory, severe attacks of ulcerative colitis (UC). There are no data comparing the efficacy of these two alternatives. Methods: Outcome of rescue therapy was retrospectively studied in two cohorts of patients hospitalized due to steroid-refractory moderate to severe UC: 1) a Swedish-Danish cohort (n 49) treated with a single infusion of IFX; 2) an Austrian cohort (n 43) treated with intravenous CsA. After successful rescue therapy, maintenance immunomodulator treatment was given to 27/33 (82%) of IFX patients and to 31/40 (78%) of CsA patients. Endpoints were colectomy-free survival at 3 and 12 months. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between treatment groups and colectomy. Results: At 15 days, colectomy-free survival in the IFX cohort was 36/49 (73%) versus 41/43 (95%) in the CsA cohort (P = 0.005), at 3 months 33/49 (67%) versus 40/43 (93%) (P = 0.002), and at 12 months 28/49 (57%) versus 33/43 (77%) (P = 0.034). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, Cox regression analysis yielded adjusted hazard ratios for risk of colectomy in IFX-treated patients of 11.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-53.1, P = 0.002) at 3 months and of 3.0 (95% CI 1.1-8.2, P = 0.030) at 12 months in comparison with CsA-treated patients. There were no opportunistic infections or mortality. Conclusions: Colectomy frequencies were significantly lower after rescue therapy with CsA than with a single infusion of IFX both at 3 and 12 months' follow-up. The superiority of CsA was seen principally during the first 15 days.
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| 11. |
- Tesi, Bianca, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic yield and clinical impact of germline sequencing in children with CNS and extracranial solid tumors : a nationwide, prospective Swedish study
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundChildhood cancer predisposition (ChiCaP) syndromes are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to childhood cancer development. Yet, due to variable availability of germline testing, many children with ChiCaP might go undetected today. We report results from the nationwide and prospective ChiCaP study that investigated diagnostic yield and clinical impact of integrating germline whole-genome sequencing (gWGS) with tumor sequencing and systematic phenotyping in children with solid tumors.MethodsgWGS was performed in 309 children at diagnosis of CNS (n = 123, 40%) or extracranial (n = 186, 60%) solid tumors and analyzed for disease-causing variants in 189 known cancer predisposing genes. Tumor sequencing data were available for 74% (227/309) of patients. In addition, a standardized clinical assessment for underlying predisposition was performed in 95% (293/309) of patients.FindingsThe prevalence of ChiCaP diagnoses was 11% (35/309), of which 69% (24/35) were unknown at inclusion (diagnostic yield 8%, 24/298). A second-hit and/or relevant mutational signature was observed in 19/21 (90%) tumors with informative data. ChiCaP diagnoses were more prevalent among patients with retinoblastomas (50%, 6/12) and high-grade astrocytomas (37%, 6/16), and in those with non-cancer related features (23%, 20/88), and ≥2 positive ChiCaP criteria (28%, 22/79). ChiCaP diagnoses were autosomal dominant in 80% (28/35) of patients, yet confirmed de novo in 64% (18/28). The 35 ChiCaP findings resulted in tailored surveillance (86%, 30/35) and treatment recommendations (31%, 11/35).InterpretationOverall, our results demonstrate that systematic phenotyping, combined with genomics-based diagnostics of ChiCaP in children with solid tumors is feasible in large-scale clinical practice and critically guides personalized care in a sizable proportion of patients.
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| 12. |
- Tesi, Bianca, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic yield and clinical impact of germline sequencing in children with CNS and extracranial solid tumors : a nationwide, prospective Swedish study
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier. - 2666-7762. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Childhood cancer predisposition (ChiCaP) syndromes are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to childhood cancer development. Yet, due to variable availability of germline testing, many children with ChiCaP might go undetected today. We report results from the nationwide and prospective ChiCaP study that investigated diagnostic yield and clinical impact of integrating germline whole-genome sequencing (gWGS) with tumor sequencing and systematic phenotyping in children with solid tumors.Methods: gWGS was performed in 309 children at diagnosis of CNS (n = 123, 40%) or extracranial (n = 186, 60%) solid tumors and analyzed for disease-causing variants in 189 known cancer predisposing genes. Tumor sequencing data were available for 74% (227/309) of patients. In addition, a standardized clinical assessment for underlying predisposition was performed in 95% (293/309) of patients.Findings: The prevalence of ChiCaP diagnoses was 11% (35/309), of which 69% (24/35) were unknown at inclusion (diagnostic yield 8%, 24/298). A second-hit and/or relevant mutational signature was observed in 19/21 (90%) tumors with informative data. ChiCaP diagnoses were more prevalent among patients with retinoblastomas (50%, 6/12) and high-grade astrocytomas (37%, 6/16), and in those with non-cancer related features (23%, 20/88), and ≥2 positive ChiCaP criteria (28%, 22/79). ChiCaP diagnoses were autosomal dominant in 80% (28/35) of patients, yet confirmed de novo in 64% (18/28). The 35 ChiCaP findings resulted in tailored surveillance (86%, 30/35) and treatment recommendations (31%, 11/35).Interpretation: Overall, our results demonstrate that systematic phenotyping, combined with genomics-based diagnostics of ChiCaP in children with solid tumors is feasible in large-scale clinical practice and critically guides personalized care in a sizable proportion of patients.Funding: The study was supported by the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund and the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Thuresson, Martin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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FlexCore: Utilizing Exposed Datapath Control for Efficient Computing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Signal Processing Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1939-8018 .- 1939-8115. ; 57:1, s. 5-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce FlexCore, the first exemplar of an architecture based on the FlexSoC framework. Comprising the same datapath units found in a conventional five-stage pipeline, the FlexCore has an exposed datapath control and a flexible interconnect to allow the datapath to be dynamically reconfigured as a consequence of code generation. Additionally, the FlexCore allows specialized datapath units to be inserted and utilized within the same architecture and compilation framework.This study shows that, in comparison to a conventional five-stage general-purpose processor, the FlexCore is up to 40\% more efficient in terms of cycle count on a set of benchmarks from the embedded application domain. We show that both the fine-grained control and the flexible interconnect contribute to the speedup. Furthermore, our synthesized, placed and routed FlexCore offers savings both in energy and execution time.The exposed FlexCore datapath requires a wide control word. The conducted evaluation confirms that this increases the instruction bandwidth and memory footprint. This calls for efficient instruction decoding as proposed in the FlexSoC framework.
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| 15. |
- Aasebo, Kristine, et al.
(författare)
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CDX2 : A Prognostic Marker in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Defining a Better BRAF Mutated and a Worse KRAS Mutated Subgroup
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 2234-943X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Survival of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients has improved, but mainly for trial patients. New predictive and prognostic biomarkers validated in the general mCRC population are needed. Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor with potential prognostic and predictive effect, but the importance in mCRC has not been fully investigated. Methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis of CDX2 was performed in a Scandinavian population-based cohort of mCRC (n = 796). Frequency, clinical and tumor characteristics, response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were estimated. Results: Loss of CDX2 expression was found in 87 (19%) of 452 stained cases, in 53% if BRAF mutated (BRAFmut) and in 9% if KRAS mutated (KRASmut). CDX2 loss was associated with microsatellite instability, BRAFmut, and poor differentiation and inversely associated with KRASmut. Patients with CDX2 loss received less first-line (53 vs. 64%, p = 0.050) and second-line (23 vs. 39%, p = 0.006) chemotherapy and secondary surgery (1 vs. 9%, p = 0.019). Median progression-free survival and OS for patients given first-line combination chemotherapy was 4 and 10 months if CDX2 loss vs. 9 and 24 months if CDX2 expressed (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). Immediate progression on first-line combination chemotherapy was seen in 35% of patients with CDX2 loss vs. 10% if CDX2 expressed (p = 0.003). Median OS in patients with BRAFmut or KRASmut and CDX2 expressed in tumor (both 21 months) was comparable to wild-type patients (27 months). However, if CDX2 loss, median OS was only 8 and 11 months in BRAFmut and KRASmut cases, respectively, and 10 months in double wild-type patients. In multivariate analysis, CDX2 loss (hazard ratio: 1.50, p = 0.027) and BRAFmut (hazard ratio: 1.62, p = 0.012) were independent poor prognostic markers for OS. Conclusion: In a population-based cohort of mCRC patients, CDX2 loss is an independent poor prognostic marker. Expression of CDX2 defines a new subgroup of BRAFmut cases with a much better prognosis. Loss of CDX2 defines a small group of KRASmut cases with a worse prognosis. Patients with CDX2 loss receive less palliative chemotherapy with less benefit and rarely reach secondary surgery.
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| 16. |
- Aasebö, Kristine Ö., et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of a high incidence of microsatellite instability and BRAF-mutated tumors : A population-based cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : WILEY. - 2045-7634. ; 8:7, s. 3623-3635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Immunotherapy for patients with microsatellite-instable (MSI-H) tumors or BRAF-inhibitors combination treatment for BRAF-mutated (mutBRAF) tumors in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is promising, but the frequency of these molecular changes in trial patients are low. Unselected population-based studies of these molecular changes are warranted.Methods: A population-based cohort of 798 mCRC patients in Scandinavia was studied. Patient and molecular tumor characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated.Results: Here, 40/583 (7%) tumor samples were MSI-H and 120/591 (20%) were mutBRAF; 87% of MSI-H tumors were mutBRAF (non-Lynch). Elderly (>75 years) had more often MSI-H (10% vs 6%) and MSI-H/mutBRAF (9% vs 4%) tumors. Response rate (5% vs 44%), PFS (4 vs 8 months), and OS (9 vs 18 months) after first-line chemotherapy was all significantly lower in patients with MSI-H compared to patients with microsatellite stable tumors. MSI-H and mutBRAF were both independent poor prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.049, P < 0.001) and PFS (P = 0.045, P = 0.005) after first-line chemotherapy. Patients with MSI-H tumors received less second-line chemotherapy (15% vs 37%, P = 0.005).Conclusions: In unselected mCRC patients, MSI-H and mutBRAF cases were more common than previously reported. Patients with MSI-H tumors had worse survival, less benefit from chemotherapy, and they differed considerably from recent third-line immunotherapy trial patients as they were older and most had mutBRAF tumor (non-Lynch).
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| 17. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 18. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 19. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Non-monophyly and intricate morphological evolution within the avian family Cettiidae revealed by multilocus analysis of a taxonomically densely sampled dataset.
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 11, s. 352-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The avian family Cettiidae, including the genera Cettia, Urosphena, Tesia, Abroscopus and Tickellia and Orthotomus cucullatus, has recently been proposed based on analysis of a small number of loci and species. The close relationship of most of these taxa was unexpected, and called for a comprehensive study based on multiple loci and dense taxon sampling. In the present study, we infer the relationships of all except one of the species in this family using one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci. We use traditional gene tree methods (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood bootstrapping, parsimony bootstrapping), as well as a recently developed Bayesian species tree approach (*BEAST) that accounts for lineage sorting processes that might produce discordance between gene trees. We also analyse mitochondrial DNA for a larger sample, comprising multiple individuals and a large number of subspecies of polytypic species.RESULTS: There are many topological incongruences among the single-locus trees, although none of these is strongly supported. The multi-locus tree inferred using concatenated sequences and the species tree agree well with each other, and are overall well resolved and well supported by the data. The main discrepancy between these trees concerns the most basal split. Both methods infer the genus Cettia to be highly non-monophyletic, as it is scattered across the entire family tree. Deep intraspecific divergences are revealed, and one or two species and one subspecies are inferred to be non-monophyletic (differences between methods).CONCLUSIONS: The molecular phylogeny presented here is strongly inconsistent with the traditional, morphology-based classification. The remarkably high degree of non-monophyly in the genus Cettia is likely to be one of the most extraordinary examples of misconceived relationships in an avian genus. The phylogeny suggests instances of parallel evolution, as well as highly unequal rates of morphological divergence in different lineages. This complex morphological evolution apparently misled earlier taxonomists. These results underscore the well-known but still often neglected problem of basing classifications on overall morphological similarity. Based on the molecular data, a revised taxonomy is proposed. Although the traditional and species tree methods inferred much the same tree in the present study, the assumption by species tree methods that all species are monophyletic is a limitation in these methods, as some currently recognized species might have more complex histories.
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| 20. |
- Alwis, Gayani, et al.
(författare)
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A 2-year school-based exercise programme in pre-pubertal boys induces skeletal benefits in lumbar spine.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 97, s. 1564-1571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate if a general school-based exercise intervention programme in pre-pubertal boys would render site-specific benefits in bone mineral accrual and gain in femoral neck structure. Methods: Eighty boys aged 7-9 years were included in a curriculum-based exercise intervention programme comprising 40 min of general physical activity per school day (200 min/week) for 2 years. Fifty-seven age-matched boys, assigned to the general Swedish school curriculum of 60 min/week, served as controls. Bone mineral content was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry of the total body, the third lumbar vertebra and hip. Specific software, the hip structural analyses, evaluated the structural properties of the femoral neck. Annual changes were compared. The level of physical activity was estimated through questionnaires and accelerometers. Results: The mean annual bone mineral content gain in third lumbar vertebra was 3.0 percentage points (p < 0.01) and in width 1.3 percentage points (p < 0.01) greater in the intervention than in the control group. The weekly duration of exercise estimated through the questionnaire correlated with gain in bone mineral content in third lumbar vertebra (r = 0.25, p = 0.005) and vertebra width (r = 0.20, p = 0.02). Conclusion: A school-based exercise intervention programme in pre-pubertal boys enhances the skeletal benefits at lumbar spine.
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| 21. |
- Alwis, Gayani, et al.
(författare)
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A school-curriculum-based exercise intervention program for two years in pre-pubertal girls does not influence hip structure.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dynamic Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5918. ; 7, s. 8-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It is known that physical activity during growth has a positive influence on bone mineral accrual, and is thus possibly one strategy to prevent osteoporosis. However, as bone geometry, independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), influences fracture risk, this study aimed to evaluate whether hip structure in pre-pubertal girls is also affected by a two-year exercise intervention program. METHODS: Forty-two girls aged 7-9 years in a school-curriculum-based exercise intervention program comprising 40 minutes of general physical activity per school day (200 minutes per week) were compared with 43 age-matched girls who participated in the general Swedish physical education curriculum comprising a mean of 60 minutes per week. The hip was scanned by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the hip structural analysis (HSA) software was applied to evaluate bone mineral content (BMC, g), areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm2), periosteal diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA, cm2), section modulus (Z, cm3) and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI, cm4) of the femoral neck (FN). Annual changes were compared. Subjective duration of physical activity was estimated by questionnaire and objective level of everyday physical activity at follow-up by means of accelerometers worn for four consecutive days. All children remained at Tanner stage 1 throughout the study. Group comparisons were made by independent student's t-test between means and analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS: At baseline, the two groups did not differ with regard to age, anthropometrics or bone parameters. No between-group differences were observed for annual changes in the FN variables measured. CONCLUSION: A two-year school-based moderately intense general exercise program for 7-9-year-old pre-pubertal girls does not influence structural changes in the FN.
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| 22. |
- Alwis, Gayani, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral accrual and gain in skeletal width in pre-pubertal school children is independent of the mode of school transportation - one-year data from the prospective observational pediatric osteoporosis prevention (POP) study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 8:1, s. 66-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Walking and cycling to school could be an important regular source of physical activity in growing children. The aim of this 12 months prospective observational study was thus to evaluate the effect of self-transportation to school on bone mineral accrual and gain in bone width in pre-pubertal children, both traits independently contributing to bone strength. Methods: Ninety-seven girls and 133 boys aged 7-9 years were recruited as a part of the Malmo Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) Study in order to evaluate the influence of self-selected school transportation for the accrual of bone mineral and bone width. Children who walked or cycled to school were compared with children who went by bus or car. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the lumbar spine (L2-L4), third lumbar vertebra (L3) and hip, and bone width was calculated at L3 and femoral neck (FN). Changes during the first 12 months were compared between the groups. Subjective duration of physical activity was estimated by a questionnaire and objective level of everyday physical activity at follow-up by accelerometers worn for four consecutive days. All children remained in Tanner stage 1 throughout the study. Comparisons were made by independent student's t-tests between means, ANCOVA and Fisher's exact tests. Results: There were no differences in baseline or annual changes in BMC or bone width when the transportation groups were compared. No differences were detected in objectively measured daily level of physical activity by accelerometer. All children reached above 60 minutes of moderate to intense daily physical activity per day, the international recommended level of daily physical activity according to the United Kingdom Expert Consensus Group. Conclusion: The everyday physical activity in these pre-pubertal children seems to be so high that the school transportation contributes little to their total level of physical activity. As a result, the choice of school transportation seems not to influence the accrual of bone mineral or gain in bone size during a I2-month follow-up period.
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| 23. |
- Artursson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aspekter på samhällsutveckling
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bronsåldersbygd 2300-500 f. Kr.. - 1650-2787. - 9172093765 ; , s. 496-547
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ... Den förändringsprocess som vi här har försökt åskådliggöra är nära knuten till en förändring av ideologi och mentalitet, där den tidigare kollektivt präglade ideologin försvagades och successivt öppnade upp för en ökad stratifiering av samhället. Det finns tydliga tendenser i det arkeologiska materialet mot en ökad betoning och uppvisning av politisk, ekonomisk och militär makt. Denna demonstration av makt når sitt maximum under bronsålderns period II, 1500-1300 f. Kr., då de materiella lämningarna visar att man lagt en stor betydelse vid visuell och rituell uppvisning av hög social position ...
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| 24. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationships of Physical Activity and Body Fat With Nerve Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neural Factor in Children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity & Health. - : Human Kinetics. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 15:8, s. 620-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) are important for brain function and detectable in the blood. This study explored the longitudinal associations of physical activity and body fat with serum NGF and BDNF in children. Methods: Two waves of measurements were performed 2 years apart in 8- to 11-year-old children, including physical activity using the ActiGraph model 7164, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum NGF and BDNF determined by multiplex immunoassay. The first wave included 248 children. Full information maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors was applied in structural equation modeling. Results: Vigorous physical activity showed a direct positive longitudinal relationship with NGF (standardized coefficient beta = 0.30, P = .01) but not with BDNF (beta = 0.04, P = .84). At the same time, body fat percentage was positively related to both NGF (beta = 0.59, P < .001) and BDNF (beta = 0.17, P = .04). There was an indication of an indirect relationship of vigorous physical activity with NGF (product of unstandardized coefficient beta = -0.18, P = .02) and BDNF (beta = -0.07, P = .05) through the negative relationship with body fat percentage (beta = -0.36, P < .001). Conclusions: Vigorous physical activity is directly related to serum NGF and indirectly through the level of body fat. The relationships with serum BDNF are more complex.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ballem, Mohamed Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of Gd2O3 nanoparticles inside mesoporous silica frameworks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1387-1811 .- 1873-3093. ; 168, s. 221-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles with very small size and narrow size distribution were synthesized by infiltration of Gd(NO3)(3)center dot 6H(2)O as an oxide precursor into the pores of SBA-15 mesoporous silica using a wet-impregnation technique. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show that during the hydrothermal treatment of the precursor at 550 degrees C, gadolinium oxide nanoparticles inside the silica pores are formed. Subsequent dissolution of the silica framework in aqueous NaOH resulted in well dispersed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3.6 +/- 0.9 nm. If GdCl3 center dot 6H(2)O is used as precursor, GdOCl is formed instead of Gd2O3. The Gd2O3 nanoparticles showed a weak antiferromagnetic behavior, as expected.
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| 27. |
- Bardizbanyan, Alen, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Improving Data Access Efficiency by Using a Tagless Access Buffer (TAB)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, CGO 2013. - 9781467355254 ; , s. 269-279
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for energy efficiency continues to grow for many classes of processors, including those for which performance remains vital. Data cache is crucial for good performance, but it also represents a significant portion of the processor's energy expenditure. We describe the implementation and use of a tagless access buffer (TAB) that greatly improves data access energy efficiency while slightly improving performance. The compiler recognizes memory reference patterns within loops and allocates these references to a TAB. This combined hardware/software approach reduces energy usage by (1) replacing many level-one data cache (L1D) accesses with accesses to the smaller, more power-efficient TAB; (2) removing the need to perform tag checks or data translation lookaside buffer (DTLB) lookups for TAB accesses; and (3) reducing DTLB lookups when transferring data between the L1D and the TAB. Accesses to the TAB occur earlier in the pipeline, and data lines are prefetched from lower memory levels, which result in asmall performance improvement. In addition, we can avoid many unnecessary block transfers between other memory hierarchy levels by characterizing how data in the TAB are used. With a combined size equal to that of a conventional 32-entry register file, a four-entry TAB eliminates 40% of L1D accesses and 42% of DTLB accesses, on average. This configuration reduces data-access related energy by 35% while simultaneously decreasing execution time by 3%.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bengtsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Improving yield and shape in a crushing plant
- 2009
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Ingår i: Minerals Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0892-6875 .- 1872-9444. ; 22:7-8, s. 618-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing demand to optimise yield and increase capacity of crushing plants. Research in this area has resulted in the development of numerous optimisation tools, and resent research has shown that the economic aspects of production have great influence on the optimisation results. The profitability of a product is influenced by several parameters, and control of all these parameters is necessary to use some sort of optimisation software. In this paper, we present a case study of a typical crushing plant, with the goal of reducing the number of crusher while keeping the plant capacity and quality. By reducing the number of crusher the plant will need less maintenance which will decrease the operating costs. The article presents a method to combine crushing plant simulation and optimisation with quality and economic considerations in order to successfully study alternative configurations of the plant.
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| 31. |
- Bergkvist, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Pools and fluxes of carbon in three Norway spruce ecosystems along a climatic gradient in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biogeochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0168-2563 .- 1573-515X. ; 89:1, s. 7-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an integrated analysis of organic carbon (C) pools in soils and vegetation, within-ecosystem fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in three 40-year old Norway spruce stands along a north-south climatic gradient in Sweden, measured 2001-2004. A process-orientated ecosystem model (CoupModel), previously parameterised on a regional dataset, was used for the analysis. Pools of soil organic carbon (SOC) and tree growth rates were highest at the southernmost site (1.6 and 2.0-fold, respectively). Tree litter production (litterfall and root litter) was also highest in the south, with about half coming from fine roots (< 1 mm) at all sites. However, when the litter input from the forest floor vegetation was included, the difference in total litter input rate between the sites almost disappeared (190-233 g C m(-2) year(-1)). We propose that a higher N deposition and N availability in the south result in a slower turnover of soil organic matter than in the north. This effect seems to overshadow the effect of temperature. At the southern site, 19% of the total litter input to the O horizon was leached to the mineral soil as dissolved organic carbon, while at the two northern sites the corresponding figure was approx. 9%. The CoupModel accurately described general C cycling behaviour in these ecosystems, reproducing the differences between north and south. The simulated changes in SOC pools during the measurement period were small, ranging from -8 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the north to +9 g C m(-2) year(-1) in the south. In contrast, NEE and tree growth measurements at the northernmost site suggest that the soil lost about 90 g C m(-2) year(-1).
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| 32. |
- Berglund, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient removal of antibiotics in surface-flow constructed wetlands, with no observed impact on antibiotic resistance genes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 476-477, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, there have been growing concerns about pharmaceuticals including antibiotics as environmental contaminants. Antibiotics of concentrations commonly encountered in wastewater have been suggested to affect bacterial population dynamics and to promote dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Conventional wastewater treatment processes do not always adequately remove pharmaceuticals causing environmental dissemination of low levels of these compounds. Using constructed wetlands as an additional treatment step after sewage treatment plants have been proposed as a cheap alternative to increase reduction of wastewater contaminants, however this means that the natural microbial community of the wetlands becomes exposed to elevated levels of antibiotics. In this study, experimental surface-flow wetlands in Sweden were continuously exposed to antibiotics of concentrations commonly encountered in wastewater. The aim was to assess the antibiotic removal efficiency of constructed wetlands and to evaluate the impact of low levels of antibiotics on bacterial diversity, resistance development and expression in the wetland bacterial community. Antibiotic concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the effect on the bacterial diversity was assessed with 16S rRNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify antibiotic resistance genes and integrons in the wetlands, during and after the exposure period. The results indicated that the antibiotic removal efficiency of constructed wetlands was comparable to conventional wastewater treatment schemes. Furthermore, short-term treatment of the constructed wetlands with environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e. 100-2000 ng x 1(-1)) of antibiotics did not significantly affect resistance gene concentrations, suggesting that surface-flow constructed wetlands are well-suited for wastewater treatment purposes. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bergquist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Peptide Mapping of Proteins in Human Body Fluids using Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
- 2002
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Ingår i: Mass spectrometry reviews (Print). - : Wiley. - 0277-7037 .- 1098-2787. ; 21:1, s. 2-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human body fluids have been rediscovered in the postgenomic era as great sources of biological markers and perhaps particularly as sources of potential protein biomarkers of disease. Analytical tools that allow rapid screening, low sample consumption, and accurate protein identification are of great importance in studies of complex biological samples and clinical diagnosis. Mass spectrometry is today one of the most important analytical tools with applications in a wide variety of fields. One of the fastest growing applications is in proteomics, or the study of protein expression in an organism. Mass spectrometry has been used to find post-translational modifications and to identify key functions of proteins in the human body. In this study, we review the use of human body fluids as sources for clinical markers and present new data that show the ability of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify, and characterize proteins in four human body fluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, and urine. The body fluids were tryptically digested without any prior separation, purification, or selection, and the digest was introduced into a 9.4 T FTICR mass spectrometer by direct-infusion electrospray ionization (ESI). Even though these samples represent complex biological mixtures, the described method provides information that is comparable with traditional 2D-PAGE data. The sample consumption is extremely low, a few microliters, and the analysis time is only a few minutes. It is, however evident that the separation of proteins and/or peptides must be included in the methodology in order to detect low-abundance proteins and other proteins of biological relevance.
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| 35. |
- Bohlin, Erik, 1968-
(författare)
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Optics of coated paperboard : Aspects of surface treatment on porous structures
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Calendering of coated and uncoated paper is widely used to enhance optical properties such as gloss and print quality. The aim of this thesis is to characterize coatings and prints, and to validate models using experimental results from optical measurements of physical samples. Calendering of coated paper often leads to a brightness decrease. The mechanism for this is not altogether clear. One common explanation is that the porosity of the coating layer decreases and hence the scattering decreases. By comparing simulated and measured results it was shown that modifications of the surface properties account for the brightness decrease of ground calcium carbonate coated substrates with calendering. Monte Carlo light scattering simulations, taking into account the measured decrease of surface microroughness and increased effective refractive index, showed that surface modifications accounted for most of the observed brightness decrease of the ground calcium carbonate coated substrate, whereas the bulk scattering and absorption coefficients were not affected by calendering. It was also shown that the scattering coefficient is significantly dependent on the coat weight whereas the physical absorption coefficient is not. The penetration of ink in the z-direction of a substrate influences the quality of the print. The ink penetration affects print density, mottling and dot gain, common print effects that influence the preference of consumers. The pressure in the printing nip and the porosity of the substrate both affect the amount of ink that is pressed into the porous structure of a coating layer during printing. By printing pilot coated paperboard with different coating porosity and measuring the resulting optical properties of the prints, a basis for simulations of the different layers, that is to say the coating, the print and the mixed layer in between, was created. Results show that ink distribution is strongly affected by the roughness of the substrate. Fibres and fibre flocks underneath the two coating layers created an unevenly distributed coating thickness that affected the print quality. Differences in pore size and pore size distribution also affected the behaviour of the ink. A coating layer of broad pigment particle size distribution resulted in a relatively low print density, in comparison to coatings of narrowly distributed particle sizes. Comparison of dot gain showed that the coating layer of a narrow particle size distribution had a relatively low dot gain compared to others. In this work, these results are explained by the differences in ink distributions on and in the coating layers.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Cai, Tianlong, et al.
(författare)
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Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 130, s. 346-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The babblers are a diverse group of passerine birds comprising 452 species. The group was long regarded as a "scrap basket" in taxonomic classification schemes. Although several studies have assessed the phylogenetic relationships for subsets of babblers during the past two decades, a comprehensive phylogeny of this group has been lacking. In this study, we used five mitochondrial and seven nuclear loci to generate a dated phylogeny for babblers. This phylogeny includes 402 species (ca. 89% of the overall clade) from 75 genera (97%) and all five currently recognized families, providing a robust basis for taxonomic revision. Our phylogeny supports seven major clades and reveals several non-monophyletic genera. Divergence time estimates indicate that the seven major clades diverged around the same time (18-20 million years ago, Ma) in the early Miocene. We use the phylogeny in a consistent way to propose a new taxonomy, with seven families and 64 genera of babblers, and a new linear sequence of names.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Dahlqvist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Complex magnetism in nanolaminated Mn2GaC
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have used first-principles calculations and Heisenberg Monte Carlo simulations to search for the magnetic ground state of Mn2GaC, a recently synthesized magnetic nanolaminate. We have, independent on method, identified a range of low energy collinear as well as non-collinear magnetic configurations, indicating a highly frustrated magnetic material with several nearly degenerate magnetic states. An experimentally obtained magnetization of only 0.29 per Mn atom in Mn2GaC may be explained by canted spins in an antiferromagnetic configuration of ferromagnetically ordered sub-layers with alternating spin orientation, denoted AFM[0001]. Furthermore, low temperature X-ray diffraction show a new basal plane peak appearing upon a magnetic transition, which is consistent with the here predicted change in inter-layer spacing for the AFM[0001] configuration.
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| 40. |
- Dalin, Frida, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and immunological characteristics of Autoimmune Addison's disease : a nationwide Swedish multicenter study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:2, s. 379-389
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Studies on clinical and immunological features of Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) are needed to understand the disease burden and increased mortality.OBJECTIVE: To provide upgraded data on autoimmune comorbidities, replacement therapy, autoantibody profiles and cardiovascular risk factors.DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross sectional, population-based study. 660 AAD patients were included utilizing the Swedish Addison Registry (SAR) 2008-2014. When analyzing cardiovascular risk factors, 3,594 individuals from the population-based survey in Northern Sweden, MONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular Disease), served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. Autoantibodies against 13 autoantigens were determined.RESULTS: Sixty percent of the SAR cohort consisted of females. Mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher for females than for males (36.8 vs. 31.1 years). The proportion of 21-hydroxylase autoantibody positive patients was 83% and 62% of patients had one or more associated autoimmune diseases, more frequently coexisting in females (p<0.0001). AAD patients had lower BMI (p<0.0001) and prevalence of hypertension (p=0.027) compared with controls. Conventional hydrocortisone tablets were used by 89% of patients; with the mean dose 28.1±8.5 mg/day. The mean hydrocortisone equivalent dose normalized to body surface was 14.8±4.4 mg/m(2)/day. Higher hydrocortisone equivalent dose was associated with higher incidence of hypertension (p=0.046).CONCLUSIONS: Careful monitoring of AAD patients is warranted to detect associated autoimmune diseases. Contemporary Swedish AAD patients do not have increased prevalence of overweight, hypertension, T2DM or hyperlipidemia. However, high glucocorticoid replacement doses may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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| 41. |
- Danielson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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School-based study found that physical activity and aerobic fitness predicted increases in total body fat and abdominal fat at a mean age of 9.8 years.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 107:10, s. 1810-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: We assessed whether baseline measurements of physical activity, aerobic fitness, body fat and abdominal fat were predictors of changes in body fat measurements over a two-year period.METHODS: The study comprised of 204 children aged 9.8 ± 0.6 years with a normal body mass distribution, who recruited from four schools in middle-class areas of Malmö, Sweden, from 2001 to 2004. Peak oxygen uptake and physical activity were measured at baseline. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and two years later.RESULTS: Physical activity, aerobic fitness and total body fat or abdominal fat were predictors of change in total body fat or abdominal fat over a period of two years. Changes in the percentage of body fat were not related to any of the baseline measurements.CONCLUSION: Our two-year follow-up of children with a mean age of 9.8 years at baseline showed that physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat or abdominal fat predicted changes in total body fat or abdominal fat, but not the percentage of body fat.
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| 42. |
- de Ståhl, Teresita Diaz, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish childhood tumor biobank : systematic collection and molecular characterization of all pediatric CNS and other solid tumors in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Translational Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1479-5876. ; 21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Childhood Tumor Biobank (BTB) is a nonprofit national infrastructure for collecting tissue samples and genomic data from pediatric patients diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) and other solid tumors. The BTB is built on a multidisciplinary network established to provide the scientific community with standardized biospecimens and genomic data, thereby improving knowledge of the biology, treatment and outcome of childhood tumors. As of 2022, over 1100 fresh-frozen tumor samples are available for researchers. We present the workflow of the BTB from sample collection and processing to the generation of genomic data and services offered. To determine the research and clinical utility of the data, we performed bioinformatics analyses on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data obtained from a subset of 82 brain tumors and patient blood-derived DNA combined with methylation profiling to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and identified germline and somatic alterations with potential biological or clinical significance. The BTB procedures for collection, processing, sequencing, and bioinformatics deliver high-quality data. We observed that the findings could impact patient management by confirming or clarifying the diagnosis in 79 of the 82 tumors and detecting known or likely driver mutations in 68 of 79 patients. In addition to revealing known mutations in a broad spectrum of genes implicated in pediatric cancer, we discovered numerous alterations that may represent novel driver events and specific tumor entities. In summary, these examples reveal the power of NGS to identify a wide number of actionable gene alterations. Making the power of NGS available in healthcare is a challenging task requiring the integration of the work of clinical specialists and cancer biologists; this approach requires a dedicated infrastructure, as exemplified here by the BTB.
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| 43. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic fitness related to cardiovascular risk factors in young children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1076 .- 0340-6199. ; 171:4, s. 705-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK))) is predictive for poor health in adults. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed if VO(2PEAK) is related to a composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 243 children (136 boys and 107 girls) aged 8 to 11 years. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled by body mass (milliliters per minute per kilogram). Total body fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body fat was expressed as a percentage of total body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. The mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Echocardiography, 2D-guided M-mode, was performed. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z scores (value for the individual - mean value for group)/SD were calculated by sex. The sum of z scores for DBP, SDP, PP, MAP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, BF%, AFM and AFM/TBF were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score for CVD. Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between VO(2PEAK) and composite risk factor score in both boys (r = -0.48 P < 0.05) and in girls (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in composite risk factor score between the different quartiles of VO(2PEAK) (P < 0.001); thus, higher VO(2PEAK) was associated with lower composite risk factor score for CVD. In conclusion, low VO(2PEAK) is associated with an elevated composite risk factor score for CVD in both young boys and girls.
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| 44. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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BMI and objectively measured body fat and body fat distribution in prepubertal children.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 27:1, s. 12-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as a surrogate estimate of body fat in epidemiological studies. This study explores the association between BMI, body fat and body fat distribution assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in younger children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 246 children (138 boys and 108 girls) aged 8-11 years. DXA was used to quantify abdominal fat mass (AFM), total body fat (TBF) and also total body fat as percentage of total body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Results We found close correlations between BMI vs. TBF, BF% and AFM (r = 0.94, r = 0.92 and r = 0.93) for boys and (r = 0.95, r = 0.92 and r = 0.95) for girls, respectively (P < 0.05 for all r-values). However, significantly lower correlation (P < 0.001 for difference between the r-values) existed for body fat distribution (r = 0.64 for boys and 0.73 for girls). Conclusion Percentage body fat, TBF and AFM were all closely associated with BMI, suggesting that BMI serves as a good surrogate marker for obesity in population studies. However, a significantly lower correlation existed for BMI vs. body fat distribution, which may be a limitation when BMI is used to study cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological studies.
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| 45. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body Fat, Abdominal Fat, and Body Fat Distribution Is Related to Left Atrial Diameter in Young Children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20, s. 1104-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adults, the size of the left atria (LA) has important prognostic information. In obese adults, adolescents and children enlargement of LA have been observed. This has not been investigated on a population-based level in young children. We therefore assessed if total body fat mass (TBF), abdominal fat, and body fat distribution were related to LA diameter. Cross-sectional study of 244 children (boys = 137 and girls n = 107) aged 8-11 years, recruited from an urban population-based cohort. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total lean body mass, TBF, and abdominal fat mass (AFM). Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution (AFM/TBF) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed with two-dimensional guided M-mode. LA diameter was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured and maturity assessed according to Tanner. There were significant (P < 0.05) univariate correlations for all children between TBF (r = 0.40), BF% (r = 0.32), AFM (r = 0.41), and AFM/TBF (r = 0.41) vs. LA diameter. Multiple regression analyses with the inclusion of possible confounders such as lean body mass, blood pressure, gender, age, and Tanner stage revealed that TBF, AFM, and AFM/TBF were all independently related to LA diameter. Differences in the different body fat measurements explained 6-9% of the variance in LA size. These results demonstrated that both total body fat, AFM, and body fat distribution are already at a young age negatively and independently associated to LA diameter.
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| 46. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal children.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We analysed whether total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution are associated with higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 238 children aged 8-11 years. Total body fat (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by DXA. TBF was expressed as a percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK) ), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. Mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z-scores were calculated. Sum of z-scores for SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, and -VO(2PEAK) were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score. Results Pearson correlations between ln BF%, ln AFM and AFM/TBF versus composite risk factor score for boys were r=0.56, r=0.59, and r=0.48, all P<0.001, and for girls r=0.45, r=0.50, and r=0.48, all P<0.001. Conclusion Total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution were all associated with higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in young children. © 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to VO(2PEAK) in young children.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 6:2-2, s. 597-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Aerobic fitness, defined as maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)), and body fat measurements represent two known risk factors for disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO(2PEAK) and body fat measurements in young children at a population-based level. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 225 children (128 boys and 97 girls) aged 8-11 years, recruited from a population-based cohort. Total lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (TBF), and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise test. Results. Significant relationships existed between body fat measurements and VO(2PEAK) in both boys and girls, with Pearson correlation coefficients for absolute values of VO(2PEAK) (0.22-0.36, P< 0.05), and for VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass (-0.38 - -0.70, P<0.05). No relationships were detected for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM (-0.17-0.04, all not significant). Boys and girls in the lowest quartile according to body fat measurements had higher absolute values of VO(2PEAK) and lower values of VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass, compared with those in the highest quartile. No differences were found for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM. Conclusions. Our findings document the coexistence of two known risk factors for disease at a young age and confirms that VO(2PEAK) was scaled to LBM may be a better, body fat independent way of expressing fitness.
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| 49. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat related to daily physical activity and insulin concentrations in non-diabetic children.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 28, s. 211-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the associations between body fat versus daily physical activity and insulin concentrations in non-diabetic young children in a cross-sectional study of 172 children (93 boys and 79 girls) aged 8-11 years. Blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and daily physical activity was measured by accelerometers. Time spent performing vigorous activity was estimated from accelerometer data by using established cut-off points. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to quantify abdominal fat mass (AFM) and total body fat (TBF), also calculated as percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Body fat distribution was independently linked to both insulin concentrations and physical activity. In contrast, TBF, AFM, and BF% were linked to physical activity only and not to insulin concentrations. In conclusion in this population of non-diabetic children, body fat distribution was independently associated with increased concentrations of insulin and deceased amount of vigorous activity per day. Also, AFM, TBF, and BF% were independently related to minutes of vigorous activity per day.
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| 50. |
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