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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Simancas, J.F., et al.
(författare)
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The seismic crustal structure of the Ossa-Morena Zone and its geological interpretation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Iberian Geology. - 1698-6180 .- 1886-7995. ; 30, s. 133-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IBERSEIS deep reflection seismic experiment has provided a crustal image of the Variscan orogen of southwest Iberia. A brief presentation of the entire seismic profile is given, and then the Ossa-Morena Zone (OMZ) and its boundaries are considered. The crust of the OMZ is shown to be divided into an upper crust, characterized by dominantly NE-dipping reflectivity, and a poorly reflective lower crust. The reflectivity of the upper crust has good correlation with the geological cross-section constructed from surface mapping. In the seismic image, the upper crustal geological structures are seen to merge in the middle crust. Nevertheless, the OMZ middle crust is not a mere detachment level, as it shows very unusual features: it appears as a band of strong reflectivity and irregular thickness (the Iberian Reflective Body, IRB) that we interpret as a great sill-like intrusion of basic rocks. The boundaries of the OMZ are considered sutures of the orogen, and their geometrical features, as deduced from geological mapping and the seismic image, are in accordance with the transpressional character of the Variscan collision recorded in SW Iberia. The present Moho is flat, obliterating the root of the orogen.
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| 4. |
- Khatri, B., et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies Sjogren's risk loci with functional implications in immune and glandular cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sjogren's disease is a complex autoimmune disease with twelve established susceptibility loci. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies ten novel genome-wide significant (GWS) regions in Sjogren's cases of European ancestry: CD247, NAB1, PTTG1-MIR146A, PRDM1-ATG5, TNFAIP3, XKR6, MAPT-CRHR1, RPTOR-CHMP6-BAIAP6, TYK2, SYNGR1. Polygenic risk scores yield predictability (AUROC = 0.71) and relative risk of 12.08. Interrogation of bioinformatics databases refine the associations, define local regulatory networks of GWS SNPs from the 95% credible set, and expand the implicated gene list to >40. Many GWS SNPs are eQTLs for genes within topologically associated domains in immune cells and/or eQTLs in the main target tissue, salivary glands. The genetic architecture underlying Sjogren's syndrome is not fully understood. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study to identify 10 new genetic risk regions, implicating genes involved in immune and salivary gland function.
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| 10. |
- Eshmvminov, D., et al.
(författare)
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FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine-based Chemotherapy for Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Multi-institutional, Patient-Level, Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - 1068-9265. ; 30:7, s. 4417-4428
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPancreatic cancer often presents as locally advanced (LAPC) or borderline resectable (BRPC). Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is recommended as initial treatment. It is currently unclear what chemotherapy should be preferred for patients with BRPC or LAPC.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and multi-institutional meta-analysis of patient-level data regarding the use of initial systemic therapy for BRPC and LAPC. Outcomes were reported separately for tumor entity and by chemotherapy regimen including FOLFIRINOX (FIO) or gemcitabine-based.ResultsA total of 23 studies comprising 2930 patients were analyzed for overall survival (OS) calculated from the beginning of systemic treatment. OS for patients with BRPC was 22.0 months with FIO, 16.9 months with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (Gem/nab), 21.6 months with gemcitabine/cisplatin or oxaliplatin or docetaxel or capecitabine (GemX), and 10 months with gemcitabine monotherapy (Gem-mono) (p < 0.0001). In patients with LAPC, OS also was higher with FIO (17.1 months) compared with Gem/nab (12.5 months), GemX (12.3 months), and Gem-mono (9.4 months; p < 0.0001). This difference was driven by the patients who did not undergo surgery, where FIO was superior to other regimens. The resection rates for patients with BRPC were 0.55 for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and 0.53 with FIO. In patients with LAPC, resection rates were 0.19 with Gemcitabine and 0.28 with FIO. In resected patients, OS for patients with BRPC was 32.9 months with FIO and not different compared to Gem/nab, (28.6 months, p = 0.285), GemX (38.8 months, p = 0.1), or Gem-mono (23.1 months, p = 0.083). A similar trend was observed in resected patients converted from LAPC.ConclusionsIn patients with BRPC or LAPC, primary treatment with FOLFIRINOX compared with Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy appears to provide a survival benefit for patients that are ultimately unresectable. For patients that undergo surgical resection, outcomes are similar between GEM+ and FOLFIRINOX when delivered in the neoadjuvant setting.
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| 11. |
- Girdhar, Khyati, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of the gut microbiome, IgA response, and plasma metabolome in the development of pediatric celiac disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Microbiome. - : BMC. - 2049-2618. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption. Almost all CD patients possess human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes; however, only a small subset of individuals carrying these alleles develop CD, indicating the role of environmental factors in CD pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was to determine the contributory role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in CD onset. To this end, we obtained fecal samples from a prospective cohort study (ABIS) at ages 2.5 and 5 years. Samples were collected from children who developed CD after the final sample collection (CD progressors) and healthy children matched by age, HLA genotype, breastfeeding duration, and gluten-exposure time (n=15-16). We first used 16S sequencing and immunoglobulin-A sequencing (IgA-seq) using fecal samples obtained from the same children (i) 16 controls and 15 CD progressors at age 2.5 and (ii) 13 controls and 9 CD progressors at age 5. We completed the cytokine profiling, and plasma metabolomics using plasma samples obtained at age 5 (n=7-9). We also determined the effects of one microbiota-derived metabolite, taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), on the small intestines and immune cell composition in vivo.Results CD progressors have a distinct gut microbiota composition, an increased IgA response, and unique IgA targets compared to healthy subjects. Notably, 26 plasma metabolites, five cytokines, and one chemokine were significantly altered in CD progressors at age 5. Among 26 metabolites, we identified a 2-fold increase in TDCA. TDCA treatment alone caused villous atrophy, increased CD4+ T cells, Natural Killer cells, and two important immunoregulatory proteins, Qa-1 and NKG2D expression on T cells while decreasing T-regulatory cells in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in C57BL/6J mice.Conclusions Pediatric CD progressors have a distinct gut microbiota composition, plasma metabolome, and cytokine profile before diagnosis. Furthermore, CD progressors have more IgA-coated bacteria and unique targets of IgA in their gut microbiota. TDCA feeding alone stimulates an inflammatory immune response in the small intestines of C57BJ/6 mice and causes villous atrophy, the hallmark of CD. Thus, a microbiota-derived metabolite, TDCA, enriched in CD progressors plasma, has the potential to drive inflammation in the small intestines and enhance CD pathogenesis.
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| 15. |
- Rannikmäe, K., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of intracerebral hemorrhage classification systems: A systematic review
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Stroke. - : SAGE Publications. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 11:6, s. 626-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accurately distinguishing non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) subtypes is important since they may have different risk factors, causal pathways, management, and prognosis. We systematically assessed the inter- and intra-rater reliability of ICH classification systems. Methods: We sought all available reliability assessments of anatomical and mechanistic ICH classification systems from electronic databases and personal contacts until October 2014. We assessed included studies’ characteristics, reporting quality and potential for bias; summarized reliability with kappa value forest plots; and performed meta-analyses of the proportion of cases classified into each subtype. Summary of review: We included 8 of 2152 studies identified. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were substantial to perfect for anatomical and mechanistic systems (inter-rater kappa values: anatomical 0.78–0.97 [six studies, 518 cases], mechanistic 0.89–0.93 [three studies, 510 cases]; intra-rater kappas: anatomical 0.80–1 [three studies, 137 cases], mechanistic 0.92–0.93 [two studies, 368 cases]). Reporting quality varied but no study fulfilled all criteria and none was free from potential bias. All reliability studies were performed with experienced raters in specialist centers. Proportions of ICH subtypes were largely consistent with previous reports suggesting that included studies are appropriately representative. Conclusions: Reliability of existing classification systems appears excellent but is unknown outside specialist centers with experienced raters. Future reliability comparisons should be facilitated by studies following recently published reporting guidelines. © 2016, © 2016 World Stroke Organization.
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| 18. |
- Alves, Dimas I, et al.
(författare)
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A Statistical Analysis for Wavelength-Resolution SAR Image Stacks
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1545-598X .- 1558-0571. ; 17:2, s. 227-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents a clutter statistical analysis for stacks of wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Each image stack consists of SAR images generated by the same sensor, using the same flight track illuminating the same scene but with a time separation between the illuminations. We test three candidate statistical distributions for time changes in the stack, namely, Rician, Rayleigh, and log-normal. The tests results reveal that the Rician distribution is a very good candidate for modeling stack of wavelength-resolution SAR images, where 98.59 & x0025; of the tested samples passed the Anderson-Darling (AD) goodness-of-fit test. Also, it is observed that the presence of changes in the ground scene is related to the tested samples that have failed in the AD test for the Rician distribution hypothesis.
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| 19. |
- Alves, Dimas I., et al.
(författare)
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Neyman-Pearson Criterion-Based Change Detection Methods for Wavelength-Resolution SAR Image Stacks
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1545-598X .- 1558-0571. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents two new change detection (CD) methods for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image stacks based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion. The first proposed method uses the data from wavelength-resolution images stack to obtain background statistics, which are used in a hypothesis test to detect changes in a surveillance image. The second method considers a priori information about the targets to obtain the target statistics, which are used together with the previously obtained background statistics, to perform a hypothesis test to detect changes in a surveillance image. A straightforward processing scheme is presented to test the proposed CD methods. To assess the performance of both proposed methods, we considered the coherent all radio band sensing (CARABAS)-II SAR images. In particular, to obtain the temporal background statistics required by the derived methods, we used stacks with six images. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques provide a competitive performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate compared with other CD methods. CCBY
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| 20. |
- Alves, Dimas I, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical Analysis for Wavelength-Resolution SARImage Stacks : New Case Studies
- 2020
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Ingår i: XXXVIII SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES E PROCESSAMENTO DE SINAIS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents new case studies for thestatistical analysis for wavelength resolution SAR image stacks.The statistical analysis considers the Anderson-Darling goodnessof-fit test in a set of pixel samples from the same position obtainedfrom a SAR image stack. The test is applied in wavelengthresolution SAR image stacks. The present work consists of twocase studies based on the use of multiple-pass stacks and TypeI error using the False Discovery Rate controlling procedures.In addition, an application scenario is presented for the studiedscenarios.
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| 21. |
- Alves, Dimas Irion, et al.
(författare)
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Wavelength-Resolution SAR Change Detection Using Bayes' Theorem
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1939-1404 .- 2151-1535. ; 13, s. 5560-5568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents Bayes' theorem for wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) change detection method development. Different change detection methods can be derived using Bayes' theorem in combination with the target model, clutter-plus-noise model, iterative implementation, and noniterative implementation. As an example of the Bayes' theorem use for wavelength-resolution SAR change detection method development, we propose a simple change detection method with a clutter-plus-noise model and noniterative implementation. In spite of simplicity, the proposed method provides a very competitive performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate. The best result was a probability of detection of $\text{98.7}\%$ versus a false alarm rate of one per square kilometer.
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| 22. |
- Blumenstock, T., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and potential for reducing optical resonances in Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 14:2, s. 1239-1252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although optical components in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are preferably wedged, in practice, infrared spectra typically suffer from the effects of optical resonances ("channeling") affecting the retrieval of weakly absorbing gases. This study investigates the level of channeling of each FTIR spectrometer within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Dedicated spectra were recorded by more than 20 NDACC FTIR spectrometers using a laboratory mid-infrared source and two detectors. In the indium antimonide (InSb) detector domain (1900-5000 cm-1), we found that the amplitude of the most pronounced channeling frequency amounts to 0.1 ‰ to 2.0 ‰ of the spectral background level, with a mean of (0:68±0:48) ‰ and a median of 0.60 ‰. In the mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector domain (700-1300 cm-1), we find even stronger effects, with the largest amplitude ranging from 0.3 ‰ to 21 ‰ with a mean of (2:45±4:50) ‰ and a median of 1.2 ‰. For both detectors, the leading channeling frequencies are 0.9 and 0.11 or 0.23 cm-1 in most spectrometers. The observed spectral frequencies of 0.11 and 0.23 cm-1 correspond to the optical thickness of the beam splitter substrate. The 0.9 cm-1 channeling is caused by the air gap in between the beam splitter and compensator plate. Since the air gap is a significant source of channeling and the corresponding amplitude differs strongly between spectrometers, we propose new beam splitters with the wedge of the air gap increased to at least 0.8. We tested the insertion of spacers in a beam splitter's air gap to demonstrate that increasing the wedge of the air gap decreases the 0.9 cm-1 channeling amplitude significantly. A wedge of the air gap of 0.8 reduces the channeling amplitude by about 50 %, while a wedge of about 2 removes the 0.9 cm-1 channeling completely. This study shows the potential for reducing channeling in the FTIR spectrometers operated by the NDACC, thereby increasing the quality of recorded spectra across the network.
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| 23. |
- Bossini-Castillo, Lara, et al.
(författare)
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A replication study confirms the association of TNFSF4 (OX40L) polymorphisms with systemic sclerosis in a large European cohort
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 70:4, s. 638-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to confirm the influence of TNFSF4 polymorphisms on systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility and phenotypic features. Methods A total of 8 European populations of Caucasian ancestry were included, comprising 3014 patients with SSc and 3125 healthy controls. Four genetic variants of TNFSF4 gene promoter (rs1234314, rs844644, rs844648 and rs12039904) were selected as genetic markers. Results A pooled analysis revealed the association of rs1234314 and rs12039904 polymorphisms with SSc (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.31; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29, respectively). Significant association of the four tested variants with patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) was revealed (rs1234314 OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38; rs844644 OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99; rs844648 OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20 and rs12039904 OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.33). Association of rs1234314, rs844648 and rs12039904 minor alleles with patients positive for anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) remained significant (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.37; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.25; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38, respectively). Haplotype analysis confirmed a protective haplotype associated with SSc, lcSSc and ACA positive subgroups (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96; OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.96; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.97, respectively) and revealed a new risk haplotype associated with the same groups of patients (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26; OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35; OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42, respectively). Conclusions The data confirm the influence of TNFSF4 polymorphisms in SSc genetic susceptibility, especially in subsets of patients positive for lcSSc and ACA.
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| 24. |
- Boswell, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Intrahost evolution of the HIV-2 capsid correlates with progression to AIDS
- 2022
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Ingår i: Virus Evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2057-1577. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIV-2 infection will progress to AIDS in most patients without treatment, albeit at approximately half the rate of HIV-1 infection. HIV-2 capsid (p26) amino acid polymorphisms are associated with lower viral loads and enhanced processing of T cell epitopes, which may lead to protective Gag-specific T cell responses common in slower progressors. Lower virus evolutionary rates, and positive selection on conserved residues in HIV-2 env have been associated with slower progression to AIDS. In this study we analysed 369 heterochronous HIV-2 p26 sequences from 12 participants with a median age of 30 years at enrolment. CD4% change over time was used to stratify participants into relative faster and slower progressor groups. We analysed p26 sequence diversity evolution, measured site-specific selection pressures and evolutionary rates, and determined if these evolutionary parameters were associated with progression status. Faster progressors had lower CD4% and faster CD4% decline rates. Median pairwise sequence diversity was higher in faster progressors (5.7x10-3 versus 1.4x10-3 base substitutions per site, P<0.001). p26 evolved under negative selection in both groups (dN/dS=0.12). Median virus evolutionary rates were higher in faster than slower progressors – synonymous rates: 4.6x10-3 vs. 2.3x10-3; and nonsynonymous rates: 6.9x10-4 vs. 2.7x10-4 substitutions/site/year, respectively. Virus evolutionary rates correlated negatively with CD4% change rates (ρ = -0.8, P=0.02), but not CD4% level. The signature amino acid at p26 positions 6, 12 and 119 differed between faster (6A, 12I, 119A) and slower (6G, 12V, 119P) progressors. These amino acid positions clustered near to the TRIM5α/p26 hexamer interface surface. p26 evolutionary rates were associated with progression to AIDS and were mostly driven by synonymous substitutions. Nonsynonymous evolutionary rates were an order of magnitude lower than synonymous rates, with limited amino acid sequence evolution over time within hosts. These results indicate HIV-2 p26 may be an attractive therapeutic target.
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| 25. |
- Bottner, F, et al.
(författare)
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Implant migration after early weightbearing in cementless hip replacement
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - 0009-921X .- 1528-1132. ; :436, s. 132-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-nine patients (five women and 24 men) with an average age of 47 years (range, 24-59 years) had 37 total hip arthroplasties using a hydroxyapatite-coated double-wedge press-fit femoral component. All patients had a Type A bone quality. Patients were either mobilized with weightbearing as tolerated or toe-touch weightbearing for 6 weeks postoperatively. After 6 weeks all patients were advanced to weightbearing as tolerated. Radiostereometric analysis radiographs were taken at 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively to measure migration of the femoral component. Radiostereometric analysis revealed no difference in stem migration between the two groups as defined by maximal total point migration. There was a difference in the vertical (proximal-distal) migration within the first 6 weeks between groups (0.81 mm versus 0.13 mm), but not afterwards (0.17 mm versus 0.18 mm). Continuous migration after 6 weeks was observed in three patients from each group. There was no loosening in either group within a 2-year followup. Weightbearing as tolerated is recommended for young patients with excellent bone quality after cementless total hip arthroplasty with a double-wedge press-fit femoral component. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic study, Level I (testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria in series of consecutive patients-with previously applied reference gold standard). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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| 28. |
- Cirino, Glauber, et al.
(författare)
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Observations of Manaus urban plume evolution and interaction with biogenic emissions in GoAmazon 2014/5
- 2018
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 191, s. 513-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon 2014/5) Experiment, detailed aerosol and trace gas measurements were conducted near Manaus, a metropolis located in the central Amazon Basin. Measurements of aerosol particles and trace gases were done downwind Manaus at the sites T2 (Tiwa Hotel) and T3 (Manacapuru), at a distance of 8 and 70 km from Manaus, respectively. Based on in-plume measurements closer to Manaus (site T2), the chemical signatures of city emissions were used to improve the interpretation of pollutant levels at the T3 site. We derived chemical and physical properties for the city's atmospheric emission ensemble, taking into account only air masses impacted by the Manaus plume at both sites, during the wet and dry season Intensive Operating Periods (IOPs). At T2, average concentrations of aerosol number (CN), CO and SO2 were 5500 cm(-3) (between 10 and 490 nm), 145 ppb and 0.60 ppb, respectively, with a typical ratio ACN/ACO of 60-130 particles cm(-3) ppb(-1). The aerosol scattering (at RH < 60%) and absorption at 637 nm at T2 ranged from 10 to 50 M m(-1) and 5-10 M m(-1), respectively, leading to a mean single scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.70. In addition to identifying periods dominated by Manaus emissions at both T2 and T3, the plume transport between the two sampling sites was studied using back trajectory calculations. Results show that the presence of the Manaus plume at site T3 was important mainly during the daytime and at the end of the afternoons. During time periods directly impacted by Manaus emissions, an average aerosol number concentration of 3200 cm(-3) was measured at T3. Analysis of plume evolution between T2 and T3 indicates a transport time of 4-5 h. Changes of submicron organic and sulfate aerosols ratios relative to CO (Delta OA/Delta CO and Delta SO4/Delta CO, respectively) indicate significant production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), corresponding to a 40% mass increase in OA and a 30% in SO4 mass concentration. Similarly, during air mass arrival at T3 the SSA increased to 0.83 from 0.70 at T2, mainly associated with an increase in organic aerosol concentration. Aerosol particle size distributions show a strong decrease in the Aitken nuclei mode (10-100 nm) during the transport from T2 to T3, in particular above 30 nm, as a result of efficient coagulation processes into larger particles. A decrease of 30% in the particle number concentration and an increase of about 50 nm in geometric mean diameter were observed from T2 to T3 sites. The study of the evolution of aerosol properties downwind of the city of Manaus improves our understanding of how coupling of anthropogenic and biogenic sources may be impacting the sensitive Amazonian atmosphere.
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| 31. |
- de Laat, A. T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 3:5, s. 1457-1471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using ground-based spectrometer observations from twenty surface stations for the five year time period of 2003-2007. Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and ground-based observations for both mean values as well as seasonal variations. For high-latitude Northern Hemisphere stations absolute differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements are close to or fall within the SCIAMACHY CO 2 sigma precision of 0.2 x 10(18) molecules/cm(2) (similar to 10%) indicating that SCIAMACHY can observe CO accurately at high Northern Hemisphere latitudes. For Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude stations the validation is complicated due to the vicinity of emission sources for almost all stations, leading to higher ground-based measurements compared to SCIAMACHY CO within its typical sampling area of 8 degrees x 8 degrees. Comparisons with Northern Hemisphere mountain stations are hampered by elevation effects. After accounting for these effects, the validation provides satisfactory results. At Southern Hemisphere mid-to high latitudes SCIAMACHY is systematically lower than the ground-based measurements for 2003 and 2004, but for 2005 and later years the differences between SCIAMACHY and ground-based measurements fall within the SCIAMACHY precision. The 2003-2004 bias is consistent with previously reported results although its origin remains under investigation. No other systematic spatial or temporal biases could be identified based on the validation presented in this paper. Validation results are robust with regard to the choices of the instrument-noise error filter, sampling area, and time averaging required for the validation of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements. Finally, our results show that the spatial coverage of the ground-based measurements available for the validation of the 2003-2007 SCIAMACHY CO columns is sub-optimal for validation purposes, and that the recent and ongoing expansion of the ground-based network by carefully selecting new locations may be very beneficial for SCIAMACHY CO and other satellite trace gas measurements validation efforts.
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| 35. |
- Friederich-Persson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Kidney Hypoxia, Attributable to Increased Oxygen Consumption, Induces Nephropathy Independently of Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 62:5, s. 914-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic nephropathy is strongly associated with both increased oxidative stress and kidney tissue hypoxia. The increased oxidative stress causes increased kidney oxygen consumption resulting in kidney tissue hypoxia. To date, it has been difficult to determine the role of kidney hypoxia, per se, for the development of nephropathy. We tested the hypothesis that kidney hypoxia, without confounding factors such as hyperglycemia or elevated oxidative stress, results in nephropathy. To induce kidney hypoxia, dinitrophenol (30 mg per day per kg bodyweight by gavage), a mitochondrial uncoupler that increases oxygen consumption and causes kidney hypoxia, was administered for 30 consecutive days to rats. Thereafter, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, kidney oxygen consumption, kidney oxygen tension, kidney concentrations of glucose and glycogen, markers of oxidative stress, urinary protein excretion, and histological findings were determined and compared with vehicle-treated controls. Dinitrophenol did not affect arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, blood glucose, or markers of oxidative stress but increased kidney oxygen consumption, and reduced cortical and medullary concentrations of glucose and glycogen, and resulted in intrarenal tissue hypoxia. Furthermore, dinitrophenol treatment increased urinary protein excretion, kidney vimentin expression, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In conclusion, increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption results in kidney hypoxia and subsequent nephropathy. Importantly, these results demonstrate that kidney tissue hypoxia, per se, without confounding hyperglycemia or oxidative stress, may be sufficient to initiate the development of nephropathy and therefore demonstrate a new interventional target for treating kidney disease.
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| 38. |
- Gorlova, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Novel Genetic Markers Associated with Clinical Phenotypes of Systemic Sclerosis through a Genome-Wide Association Strategy
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 7:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine, through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), the genetic components contributing to different clinical sub-phenotypes of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We considered limited (IcSSc) and diffuse (dcSSc) cutaneous involvement, and the relationships with presence of the SSc-specific auto-antibodies, anti-centromere (ACA), and anti-topoisomerase I (ATA). Four GWAS cohorts, comprising 2,296 SSc patients and 5,171 healthy controls, were meta-analyzed looking for associations in the selected subgroups. Eighteen polymorphisms were further tested in nine independent cohorts comprising an additional 3,175 SSc patients and 4,971 controls. Conditional analysis for associated SNPs in the HLA region was performed to explore their independent association in antibody subgroups. Overall analysis showed that non-HLA polymorphism rs11642873 in IRF8 gene to be associated at GWAS level with lcSSc (P = 2.32x10(-12), OR = 0.75). Also, rs12540874 in GRB10 gene (P = 1.27 x 10(-6), OR = 1.15) and rs11047102 in SOX5 gene (P = 1.39x10(-7), OR = 1.36) showed a suggestive association with lcSSc and ACA subgroups respectively. In the HLA region, we observed highly associated allelic combinations in the HLA-DQB1 locus with ACA (P = 1.79x10(-61), OR = 2.48), in the HLA-DPA1/B1 loci with ATA (P = 4.57x10(-76), OR = 8.84), and in NOTCH4 with ACA P = 8.84x10(-21), OR = 0.55) and ATA (P = 1.14x10(-8), OR = 0.54). We have identified three new non-HLA genes (IRF8, GRB10, and SOX5) associated with SSc clinical and autoantibody subgroups. Within the HLA region, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPA1/B1, and NOTCH4 associations with SSc are likely confined to specific auto-antibodies. These data emphasize the differential genetic components of subphenotypes of SSc.
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| 41. |
- Gustafsson-Lutz, Anna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic efficacy of alpha-radioimmunotherapy with different activity levels of the Bi-213-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 in an ovarian cancer model
- 2017
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Ingår i: EJNMMI Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2191-219X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of two different activity levels of the Bi-213-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 in an ovarian cancer model. Sixty female BALB/c (nu/nu) mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with human ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-3). Two weeks later, 40 mice were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with 1 ml of Bi-213-MX35, 3 MBq/mL (n = 20), or 9 MBq/mL (n = 20). An additional 20 mice received unlabeled MX35. Incidence of tumors and ascites was investigated 8 weeks after therapy. Body weight and white blood cell counts were monitored after treatment for possible signs of toxicity. Results: The tumor-free fraction of the animals treated with 3 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 was 0.55, whereas that of animals treated with 9 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 was 0.78. The control group treated with unlabeled MX35 had a tumor-free fraction of 0.15. No significant reduction in white blood cell counts or weight loss was observed. Conclusions: Tumor growth after i.p. treatment with Bi-213-MX35 was significantly reduced compared to treatment with unlabeled MX35. Treatment with 9 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35 resulted in higher tumor-free fraction compared with 3 MBq/mL of Bi-213-MX35, but this difference was not statistically significant. No signs of toxicity were observed in the treated animals.
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| 42. |
- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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ANNIE, a Tool for Integrating Ergonomics in the Design of Car Interiors
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE Transactions – Journal of Materials and Manufacturing. Technical Paper 1999-01-3372. Reprinted From: Proceedings of the 1999 SAE Southern Automotive Manufacturing.. ; , s. 1-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An example of a result from a long-term cooperation with Lund University (together with professor Roland Akselsson at the Department for Work Environment) there some of the authors (Engström) gained extensive grants (Wallenberg Stifelsen regarding equipment as well as other founding from e.g. the Swedish Work Environment Found). In this case the just mentioned EU-financing.
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| 45. |
- Helle, Frank, et al.
(författare)
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Nitric oxide in afferent arterioles after uninephrectomy depends on extracellular L-arginine
- 2013
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Ingår i: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-RENAL PHYSIOLOGY. - : American Physiological Society. - 1931-857X .- 1522-1466 .- 0363-6127. ; 304:8, s. F1088-F1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Helle F, Skogstrand T, Schwartz IF, Schwartz D, Iversen BM, Palm F, Hultstrom M. Nitric oxide in afferent arterioles after uninephrectomy depends on extracellular L-arginine. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F1088-F1098, 2013. First published February 13, 2013; doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00665.2011.-Uninephrectomy (UNX) causes hyperperfusion of the contralateral remaining kidney via increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Although the exact mechanism remains largely unknown, we hypothesize that this would be localized to the afferent arteriole and that it depends on cellular uptake of L-arginine. The experiments were performed in rats 2 days (early) or 6 wk (late) after UNX and compared with controls (Sham) to study acute and chronic effects on NO metabolism. Renal blood flow was increased after UNX (21 +/- 2 ml.min(-1).kg(-1) in sham, 30 +/- 3 in early, and 26 +/- 1 in late, P andlt; 0.05). NO inhibition with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) caused a greater increase in renal vascular resistance in early UNX compared with Sham and late UNX (138 +/- 24 vs. 88 +/- 10, and 84 +/- 7%, P andlt; 0.01). The lower limit of autoregulation was increased both in early and late UNX compared with Sham (P andlt; 0.05). L-NAME did not affect the ANG II-induced contraction of isolated afferent arterioles (AA) from Sham. AA from early UNX displayed a more pronounced contraction in response to L-NAME (-57 +/- 7 vs. -16 +/- 7%, P andlt; 0.05) and in the absence of L-arginine (-41 +/- 4%, P andlt; 0.05) compared with both late UNX and Sham. mRNA expression of endothelial NO synthase was reduced, whereas protein expression was unchanged. Cationic amino acid transporter-1 and -2 mRNA was increased, while protein was unaffected in isolated preglomerular resistance vessels. In conclusion, NO-dependent hyperperfusion of the remaining kidney in early UNX is associated with increased NO release from the afferent arteriole, which is highly dependent on extracellular L-arginine availability.
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| 47. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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