| 1. |
- Pan, Guanjun, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and transformation temperatures in rapid solidified Ni-Ti alloys. Part II : The effect of copper addition
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 589, s. 633-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ternary rapidly solidified alloys were produced and tested in this research work. Cu was added to a near equiatomic Ti49Ni51 alloy, by substituting Ni. Three compositions were considered: Ti49Ni51 Cu-x(x) (x = 5, 15, 25). Samples with the shape of cones were obtained, in order to test the effects of different rapid solidification rates. The aim of this research is to analyze the use of rapid solidification in the low regime of cooling rates (10(2)-10(3) K/s), which is much more suitable for industrial processes than the extremely high cooling rates (such as melt spinning). We found that, as Cu was added into the alloy, the transformation temperatures rapidly decline and they reach a minimum between 5 and 15 at.% of Cu. Then, they begin to increase and they are comparable with those of the binary alloy when Cu is equal to 25 at.% A higher cooling rate lowers the transformation temperatures, showing an opposite effect respect to Cu addition. Moreover, the Cu addition reduces the transformation hysteresis. Some precipitates were found in the ternary alloys and Ni and Cu showed a linear exchanging tendency in the precipitates, in the explored range of Cu content.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Alvarez-Asencio, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
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Role of microstructure on corrosion initiation of an experimental tool alloy : A Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 89, s. 236-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adhesion properties of a FeCrVN experimental tool alloy immersed in pure water and sodium chloride solution have been studied by Quantitative Nanomechanical Property Mapping to understand the influence of microstructure on corrosion initiation of this alloy. The approach used here allows early observation and identification of pre-pitting events that may lead to passivity breakdown of the alloy. Adhesion provides a good distinction between the different regions and we ascribe this to their vanadium and nitrogen contents. Finally, the prepitting is characterized by generation of small particles in specific regions of the surface with low chromium content.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Alvarez-Asencio, Rubén, et al.
(författare)
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Tribological Properties Mapping : Local Variation in Friction Coefficient and Adhesion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 50:3, s. 387-395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribological properties mapping is a new technique that extracts friction coefficient and adhesion maps obtained from lateral atomic force microscope (LAFM) images. By imaging the surface systematically as a function of load, a series of images can be tiled, and pixelwise fitted to a modified Amontons' Law to obtain friction coefficient and adhesion maps. This removes the ambiguity of friction contrast in LAFM imaging which can be a function of the load used for imaging. In ambient laboratory, air and tetradecane, a sample of Vancron(A (R))40, commercial powder metallurgical tool alloy containing nitrogen, have been scanned using a standard silicon cantilever in order to obtain tribological data. The tribological properties mapping provides unique information regarding the heterogeneous alloy microstructure as well as shedding light on the tribological behavior of the alloy.
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| 7. |
- Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran, et al.
(författare)
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Correlative Microstructure Analysis and In Situ Corrosion Study of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel for Plastic Molding Applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:4, s. C85-C93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the corrosion behavior of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) was studied by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in 0.1M NaCl and correlated with the microstructure. Thermocalc simulation, dilatometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to investigate phase transformation which showed the formation of M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 type of carbides and also retained austenite. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and AFM characterization revealed undissolved carbides and tempering carbides in the martensitic matrix. Volta potential mapping measured by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated higher electrochemical (practical) nobility of the carbides with respect to the martensitic matrix whereas regions adjacent to carbides showed lower nobilities due to chromium depletion. Open circuit potential and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed metastable corrosion activities associated with a weak passive behavior and a risk for localized corrosion along certain carbide boundaries. In-situ AFM measurements revealed selective dissolution of certain carbide interphases and martensitic inter-lath regions indicating higher propensity to localized corrosion.
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| 8. |
- Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and modelling study of the effect of tempering on the susceptibility to environment-assisted cracking of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 148, s. 83-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The resistance to environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) was investigated in 0.3 M NaCl solution (room temperature) at constant loads for 30 days. The steel tempered at 250 degrees C was superior to the 500 degrees C-temper, which showed corrosion pits favouring cracking. The fracture surface showed faceted grains, cleavage, striations, and inter- and transgranular cracks, suggesting a mixed stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism as the cause for EAC. Finite element modelling (FEM) indicated strain/stress localization at the mouth of deep pits and at the wall of shallow pits, displaying the favoured locations for pit-to-crack transition.
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| 9. |
- Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran, et al.
(författare)
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In situ AFM study of localized corrosion processes of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel : Effect of secondary hardening
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:13, s. C810-C818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of secondary hardening of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel on the corrosion behavior in aqueous 0.01 M NaCl has been studied, in-situ, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to monitor real-time localized corrosion processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of undissolved and secondary carbides (Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr3C, Cr2C, and CrC) as well as retained austenite, all finely dispersed in the tempered martensitic matrix. Electrochemical measurements, consisted of monitoring of the open-circuit potential vs. time and cyclic polarization in 0.01 M NaCl solution, were performed to evaluate the passivity and its breakdown, and it was seen that initiation sites for localized corrosion were predominantly peripheral sites of carbides. In-situ AFM measurements revealed that there was a sequence for localized corrosion in which the neighboring matrix next to secondary carbides dissolved first, followed by corrosive attack on regions adjacent to undissolved carbides. Tempering at 500◦C reduced the corrosion resistance and the ability to passivate in comparison to tempering at 250◦C.
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| 10. |
- Bertram, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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In situ anodization of aluminum surfaces studied by x-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 116:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from the anodization of an aluminum single crystal [Al(111)] and an aluminum alloy [Al 6060] studied by in situ x-ray reflectivity, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ex situ scanning electron microscopy. For both samples, a linear increase of oxide film thickness with increasing anodization voltage was found. However, the slope is much higher in the single crystal case, and the break-up of the oxide film grown on the alloy occurs at a lower anodization potential than on the single crystal. The reasons for these observations are discussed as are the measured differences observed for x-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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| 11. |
- Bettini, Eleonora
(författare)
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Influence of carbides and nitrides on corrosion initiation of advanced alloys : A local probing study
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advanced alloys often present precipitated carbides and nitrides in their microstructure following exposure to elevated temperatures. These secondary phases are usually undesirable, because potentially deleterious for the corrosion and mechanical performances of the material. Carbides and nitrides are enriched in key alloying elements that are subtracted from their surrounding matrix areas, creating alloying element depleted zones, which might become initial sites for corrosion initiation. In this study, the influence of micro- and nano-sized precipitated carbides and nitrides on the corrosion initiation of biomedical CoCrMo alloys and duplex stainless steels has been investigated at microscopic scale, by using a combination of local probing techniques. The microstructures of the alloys were first characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The Volta potential mapping of carbides and nitrides revealed their higher nobility compared to the matrix, and particularly compared to their surrounding areas, suggesting the occurrence of some alloying element depletion in the latter locations, which may lead to a higher susceptibility for corrosion initiation. In-situ electrochemical AFM studies performed at room temperature showed passive behavior for large potential ranges for both alloy families, despite the presence of the precipitated carbides or nitrides. At high anodic applied potential, at which transpassive dissolution occurs, preferential dissolution started from the areas adjacent to the precipitated carbides and nitrides, in accordance with the Volta potential results. Thus, the presence of carbides and nitrides doesn’t largely affect the corrosion resistance of the tested advanced alloys, which maintain passive behavior when exposed to highly concentrated chloride solutions at room temperature with no applied potential. The effect of nitrides on the corrosion initiation of duplex stainless steels was investigated also at temperatures above the critical pitting temperature (CPT). Depending on the type, distribution and size range of the precipitated nitrides different corrosion behaviors were observed. Intragranular (quenched-in) nano-sized nitrides (ca. 50-100 nm) finely dispersed in the ferrite grains have a minor influence on the corrosion resistance of the material at temperatures above the CPT, while larger intergranular (isothermal) nitrides (ca. 80-250 nm) precipitated along the phase boundaries cause a detrimental reduction of the corrosion resistance of the material, in particular of the austenite phase
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| 12. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Grain Boundaries on Dissolution Behavior of a Biomedical CoCrMo Alloy : In-Situ Electrochemical-Optical, AFM and SEM/TEM Studies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 159:9, s. C422-C427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, preferential sites for metal dissolution during anodic polarization were investigated for a biomedical CoCrMo alloy. As-cast and heat treated materials were compared through a combination of complementary techniques. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy mapping suggested the matrix areas adjacent to the carbides to be preferential sites for metal dissolution. By means of in situ electrochemical-optical microscopy it was observed that localized dissolution initiated from the matrix areas adjacent to carbides and grain boundaries in both materials at high anodic potential. By using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, submicron-sized carbides were found along the grain boundaries, and significant Cr depletion was detected across the grain boundaries for both materials, providing an explanation for the initiation of metal dissolution. A slightly higher metal dissolution was observed for the as-cast sample at high anodic potential, probably due to a more heterogeneous microstructure.
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| 13. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of metal carbides on dissolution behavior of biomedical CoCrMo alloy : SEM, TEM and AFM studies
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 56:25, s. 9413-9419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of precipitate carbides on dissolution tendency and behavior of a biomedical CoCrMo alloy was investigated at microscopic scale. SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and XRD were performed to characterize crystallographic structure and composition of different precipitate carbides. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscope (SKPFM) was used to evaluate relative nobility of the carbides. In addition to polarization curves, in situ electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) measurements were performed to investigate the effect of the carbides on local dissolution processes. SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and XRD characterizations showed non-uniform structure and composition of Cr and Mo carbides. SKPFM analysis suggested the carbide boundaries as preferential sites for corrosion/dissolution process. Cyclic polarization curves of the alloy in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution showed a large current density increase above a certain potential, but only a small hysteresis loop during reverse scan. No noticeable pitting corrosion was observed by SEM after the experiments. In situ AFM images of the sample in PBS showed a stable surface at potentials in the passive region and around the potential corresponding to the current increase and slight etching-like dissolution around the carbides at higher potentials. Carbide boundaries are preferential sites for metal dissolution and carbides with non-uniform composition might exhibit different dissolution rates.
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| 14. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Nature of current increase for a CoCrMo alloy : "transpassive" dissolution vs. water oxidation
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 8:10, s. 11791-11804
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “transpassive” behavior of a CoCrMo alloy has been investigated to clarify the nature of the current increase at high anodic potential (0.5-0.7 VAg/AgCl). The total amount of released metal ions was determined after the potentiostatic measurements. According to the calculation through Faradays’ law, the metal dissolution only contributes to part of the total current recorded. Electrochemical AFM mapping did not show pronounced topography changes at 0.65 VAg/AgCl, while light optical microscopy observation revealed fast evolution of oxygen bubbles. Evidently water oxidation is another important process largely contributing to the current increase at the high potential.
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| 15. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel : influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 113, s. 280-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromium nitrides may precipitate in duplex stainless steels during processing and their influence on the corrosion behavior is of great importance for the steel performance. In this study, the influence of nano-sized quenched-in chromium nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a heat treated 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated at room temperature and 50 °C (just above critical pitting temperature). The microstructure was characterized by SEM/EDS and AFM analyses, and quenched-in nitrides precipitated in the ferrite phase were identified by TEM analysis. Volta potential mapping at room temperature suggests lower relative nobility of the ferrite matrix. Electrochemical polarization and in-situ AFM measurements in 1 M NaCl solution at room temperature show a passive behavior of the steel despite the presence of the quenched-in nitrides in the ferrite phase, and preferential dissolution of ferrite phase occurred only at transpassive conditions. At 50 °C, selective dissolution of the austenite phase was observed, while the ferrite phase with the quenched-in nitrides remained to be stable. It can be concluded that the finely dispersed quenched-in nitrides do not cause localized corrosion, whereas the exposure temperature has a strong influence on the corrosion behavior of the duplex stainless steel.
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| 16. |
- Bettini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Study of Corrosion Behavior of a 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel : Influence of Quenched-in and Isothermal Nitrides
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Electrochemical Science. - 1452-3981. ; 9:1, s. 61-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precipitation of different types of chromium nitrides may occur during processing of super duplex stainless steels, affecting the properties of the material. In this study the influence of quenched-in (size range ca. 50-100 nm) and isothermal (size range ca. 80-250 nm) types of nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a 2507 super duplex stainless steel has been investigated at room temperature and at 90 degrees C (above the critical pitting temperature) in 1 M NaCl solution. The microstructure has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. The isothermal nitrides exhibit a higher Volta potential compared to the matrix, but such difference could not be observed for the quenched-in nitrides. In-situ electrochemical AFM measurements at room temperature show stable surfaces for a wide range of applied potentials despite the presence of either type of nitrides. In the transpassive region isothermal nitrides appear to be slightly more deleterious than quenched-in nitrides. At 90 degrees C isothermal nitrides largely reduce the corrosion resistance of the austenite phase, while the quenched-in nitrides reduce the corrosion resistance of the material to a much lesser extent. The size difference between isothermal and quenched-in chromium nitrides may be crucial, in particular above the critical pitting temperature.
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| 17. |
- Bhat, Goutam, et al.
(författare)
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NTIRE 2022 Burst Super-Resolution Challenge
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE/CVF CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS (CVPRW 2022). - : IEEE. - 9781665487399 - 9781665487405 ; , s. 1040-1060
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burst super-resolution has received increased attention in recent years due to its applications in mobile photography. By merging information from multiple shifted images of a scene, burst super-resolution aims to recover details which otherwise cannot be obtained using a simple input image. This paper reviews the NTIRE 2022 challenge on burst super-resolution. In the challenge, the participants were tasked with generating a clean RGB image with 4x higher resolution, given a RAW noisy burst as input. That is, the methods need to perform joint denoising, demosaicking, and super-resolution. The challenge consisted of 2 tracks. Track 1 employed synthetic data, where pixel-accurate high-resolution ground truths are available. Track 2 on the other hand used real-world bursts captured from a handheld camera, along with approximately aligned reference images captured using a DSLR. 14 teams participated in the final testing phase. The top performing methods establish a new state-of-the-art on the burst super-resolution task.
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| 18. |
- Cao, Yanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Insight into the Fabrication of ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Organic Anions and Their Corrosion Protection of Steel Reinforced Concrete
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 166:16, s. C617-C623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work provides insight into the fabrication of ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with organic phthalates (PTL) and their corrosion protection of steel reinforced concrete. The structure, composition and morphology of the LDH products prepared by various methods were systematically characterized to find out the relationship of preparation-structure-properties. The ZnAl-LDH-PTL prepared by co-precipitation method presented the best performance of corrosion protection due to its good crystallinity. The corrosion protection mechanism of LDH for steel in concrete system was also discussed.
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| 19. |
- Cao, Yanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Layered double hydroxide (LDH) for multi-functionalized corrosion protection of metals : A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1005-0302. ; 102, s. 232-263
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been widely developed in the field of corrosion and protection in recent years based on its unique characteristics including anion capacity, anion exchange ability, structure memory effect, and barrier resistance. This paper comprehensively reviews recent work on the preparations, properties of LDH in the forms of powder and film and their applications in different environments in corrosion and protection. Some novel perspectives are also proposed at the end of the review for future research in corrosion and protection field.
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| 20. |
- Chen, Chengdong, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion protection and self-healing of a nanocomposite film of mussel adhesive protein and CeO2 nanoparticles on carbon steel
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 163:9, s. C545-C552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nanocomposite film composed of mussel adhesive protein (MAP) and CeO2 nanoparticles has been explored as a 'green' alternative for corrosion protection of carbon steel. In this work, the nanocomposite film of sub-micron thickness was deposited on carbon steel surface by one-step-dipping method. The film was characterized by using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The measurements of scanning reference electrode technique and in-situ AFM were performed to investigate the initial localized corrosion process at defects and self-healing ability of the nanocomposite film. The results demonstrate that the nanocomposite film possesses a certain self-healing ability and provides excellent corrosion protection for carbon steel in neutral 0.1 M NaCl solution. The self-healing ability is attributed to the functional group (catechol) of the MAP, and the healing process is explained by the fact that Fe ions released from the surface defects promote the formation of Fe-catecholato complexes in the nanocomposite film, which retards the localized corrosion at these defects.
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| 21. |
- Chen, Chengdong, et al.
(författare)
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Heating-Induced Enhancement of Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel by a Nanocomposite Film Containing Mussel Adhesive Protein
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 164:4, s. C188-C193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Application of protective coatings on metals may involve a thermal treatment process. In this study, the effect of thermal treatment up to 200?C on the corrosion protection was investigated for nanocomposite films composed of mussel adhesive protein (MAP), CeO2 nanoparticles and Na2HPO4 deposited on carbon steel. The morphology and microstructure of the pre-formed nanocomposite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in the chemical structure of the nanocomposite film due to the thermal treatment were investigated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The corrosion protection of the unheated and heated nanocomposite films on carbon steel was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and details of the corrosion process were elucidated by in-situ AFM measurements in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The results show a certain increase in the corrosion protection with time of the nanocomposite film for carbon steel. The analyses reveal that thermal treatment leads to a reduction of water molecules in the nanocomposite film, and an enhanced cross-linking and cohesion of the film due to oxidation of catechols to o-quinones. As a result, the film becomes more compact and gives improved corrosion protection for carbon steel.
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| 22. |
- Chen, Dihao, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between pitting susceptibility and surface acidity, point of zero charge of passive film on aluminum: Influence of alloying elements
- 2024
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pitting potential, intrinsic surface acidity, point of zero charge of passive film on Al are studied using first-principles calculations to establish their relationships. Influences of alloying elements Zn, Cr, Nb, Si, Mo and Sc on adsorption of NH3 and NaCl, pHpzc of Al2O3 and pitting susceptibility of Al are investigated. The efficiency for enhancing pitting resistance of Al is evaluated, yielding the ratios Si: Zn: Cr: Mo: Nb: Sc = 1.8: − 0.3: 1: 1.9: 1.4: 0.2. A model for the dependence of pitting potential on the concentration of alloying elements in Al alloy matrix is developed, based on effects of alloying elements on the surface charge of passive film. The effects of Sc on pitting potential and pHpzc of Al oxide are predicted based on the calculated results, which are supported by electrochemical measurement, XPS analysis and contact angle titration.
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| 23. |
- Chen, Dihao, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the General Methodology for Determining the Point of Zero Charge of Oxide Films by Contact Angle Titration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 170:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The point of zero charge (pH(pzc)) is one of the most important properties in determining the nature of the surface charge on oxide films in contact with aqueous solutions. Contact angle titration is a simple, rapid and direct surface titration approach to determine the pH(pzc) of oxide films, compared with mass titration, potentiometric titration and batch equilibration method. Although contact angle titration has been an effective method to estimate the pH(pzc) in the past, there are some limitations in previous methodologies for the correlation between the contact angle and the surface charge density, due to the consideration of only the negative charged OH- at surface or the absence of a vital part of solution potential for the electrochemical potential of H+ in electrolyte. Based on the work of many previous contributors, two general thermodynamic methods for determining the pHpzc of oxide films by contact angle titration are developed here. The methods provide precise, fundamental understandings of the variation of the contact angle with surface charge density, which is of great significance for interfacial science.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Sulin, et al.
(författare)
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Mussel-Inspired Graphene Film with Enhanced Durability as a Macroscale Solid Lubricant
- 2019
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 11:34, s. 31386-31392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene has exhibited massive potential as a macroscale solid lubricant, but its durability is limited due to the weak adhesion between graphene sheets and the substrate. Here, inspired by mussel adhesive protein (MAP), effective reinforcement of the graphene-substrate interaction to attain remarkable enhancement on the durability of the graphene film is presented. The mussel-inspired graphene (mGr) film exhibits a coefficient of friction stabilizing at 0.16 up to 490000 sliding cycles in the friction testing against the silicon nitride ball; in the identical sliding condition, comparatively, the graphene (Gr) film without MAP only lasts 4300 sliding cycles. The analysis of Raman and ATR-FTIR demonstrates that, on the one hand, the MAP film firmly adsorbs onto the substrate via forming metal-catechol coordination bonds with metal atoms; on the other hand, it establishes strong interactions with graphene sheets by hydrogen bonding as well as the pi-pi overlap. As an interlayer, MAP retains graphene sheets within the contact interface in the form of a compact tribo-layer, which results in an over 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of durability for the mGr film. This strategy of improving the graphene-substrate adhesion via MAP offers an avenue for the development of effective and reliable graphene-based solid lubricants for engineering applications.
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| 25. |
- Cheng, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion- and wear-resistant composite film of graphene and mussel adhesive proteins on carbon steel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new strategy was proposed to prepare a composite film using mussel adhesive protein Mefp-1 and graphene to achieve corrosion protection and surface lubrication on carbon steel. The dispersibility of graphene in Mefp-1 solution was firstly investigated and deposition methods of Mefp-1/graphene film were proposed. In-situ confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were utilized to study the corrosion inhibition effect in NaCl solution. Friction tests were conducted to study the tribological properties. Results show that the Mefp-1/graphene film exhibits strong adhesion to carbon steel, provides improved corrosion- and wear-resistance, and a significantly increased lubricity on carbon steel.
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| 26. |
- Cheng, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Investigations of Ruthenium in Potassium Periodate Solutions Relevant for Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer. - 0361-5235 .- 1543-186X. ; 45:8, s. 4067-4075
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ruthenium is the most promising material for the barrier layer used for the sub 14 nm technology node in integrated circuits manufacturing. Potassium periodate (KIO4)-based slurry is used in the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process of the barrier layer. However, the electrochemical and corrosion properties of ruthenium have not been investigated in such slurry. In this paper, the electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of ruthenium in KIO4 solutions were investigated under static conditions but at different pH values by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, combined with surface chemical analysis using auger electron spectroscopy. Moreover, to study wear enhanced corrosion during CMP, tribocorrosion experiments were carried out to monitor the current density changes during and after mechanical scratching. The results show that at pH 6, ruthenium forms a relatively thick and heterogeneous surface film composed of RuO2 center dot 2H(2)O/RuO3, showing a high corrosion resistance and it exhibits a quick repassivation after mechanical scratching. At pH 4, ruthenium shows a passivation behavior with formation of a uniform and conductive oxide like RuO2 center dot 2H(2)O. It should be noted that there is a possible formation of RuO4 toxic gas under this condition, which should be avoided in the actual production. However, at pH 11, ruthenium exhibits no considerable passivity and the corrosion proceeds uniformly.
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| 27. |
- Cheng, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions in Composite Film Formation of Mefp-1/graphene on Carbon Steel
- 2021
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Ingår i: Coatings. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6412. ; 11:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mefp-1 adhesive protein derived from marine blue mussels, together with the 2D material graphene, was used to build the green composite film with enhanced anti-corrosion property and mechanical strength. The corrosion inhibition of the composite film, formed by different methods, was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The non-degraded adhesion of the composite film to the carbon steel substrate was proved by nano-scratch tests. Infrared spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the film formation process and "three-body interactions " between Mefp-1, graphene and carbon steel surface. The results show that the Mefp-1 adsorbs on the carbon steel surface mainly through the covalent bond between catechols and Fe(III). Meanwhile, Mefp-1 can bond to non-adhesive graphene by forming hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interaction non-covalent bonds, which facilitate the formation of a robust Mefp-1/graphene composite film on the carbon steel surface.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Cieślik, M., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering of bone fixation metal implants biointerface - Application of parylene C as versatile protective coating
- 2012
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 32:8, s. 2431-2435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tribological and protective properties of parylene C coatings (2-20 ÎŒm) on stainless steel 316L implant materials were investigated by means of electrochemical measurements and wear tests. The thickness and morphology of the CVD prepared coatings were characterized by scanning electron and laser confocal microscopy. The stability of the coatings was examined in contact with Hanks' solution and H 2O 2 (simulating the inflammatory response). It was concluded that silane-parylene C coating with the optimum thickness of 8 ÎŒm exhibits excellent wear resistance properties and limits the wear formation. The engineered versatile coating demonstrates sufficient elastomer properties, essential to sustain the implantation surgery strains and micromotions during long-term usage in the body.
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| 30. |
- Cieslik, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Silane-parylene coating for improving corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316L implant material
- 2011
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 53:1, s. 296-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion resistance of a two-layer polymer (silane + parylene) coating on implant stainless steel was investigated by microscopic observations and electrochemical measurements Long term exposure tests in Hanks solution revealed that the coating of 2 mu m can be successfully used for corrosion protection However the addition of H2O2 simulating the inflammatory response of human body environment causes a dramatic destruction of the protective coating Analysis of the experimental data in terms of circuit models enables proposing a deterioration mechanism OH radicals formed at the metal surface attack the polymer thus the deterioration starts from the metal/polymer interface and progress towards the outward surface.
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| 31. |
- Cui, Daqing, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilization of radionuclides on iron canister material at simulated near-field conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXII. - Warrendale, Pa : Materials Research Society. - 9781605110967 ; 1124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is a continuation of a long-term spent fuel leaching and radionuclides immobilization (by iron canister) experiment under simulated near-field conditions, in deoxygenated 2 mM NaHCO3 solution with 1 Gy/h γ irradiation. The corrosion of iron canister material was investigated by electrochemical and microanalytical methods. Significant amounts of radionuclides (U, Np, Tc, Sr) were found to be immobilized on the corrosion layer of iron canister material by using SEM-WDS and SIMS methods. The observation is useful for bettering our understanding of near-field chemical processes at earlier canister failure conditions.
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| 32. |
- Cui, D., et al.
(författare)
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On the behaviour of spent fuel under simulated early canister-failure conditions
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM. - 0894486918 - 9780894486913 ; , s. 925-932
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the results of a long term experiment on spent fuel leaching, canister corrosion and radionuclide immobilization under repository conditions corresponding to early canister failure. A γ-dose of 850 mGy per hour, and Ar-flushed synthetic groundwater were used. During the first 287 days, the fractions of inventory in aqueous phase per day (f/d) increased nearly constantly for each radionuclide (except for 100Mo), with higher fractions for fission products than for actinides. After this initial stage, iron, cast iron and copper coupons (of̃30 mm2 size) were inserted into the leaching vessel: the concentrations of 238U, 237Np and 99Tc decreased by 80%, 97% and 88% to relatively stable levels (500ppb, 0.2ppb and 0.6ppb respectively). 239Pu concentrations slightly increased to the level of PuO2 solubility (0.5ppb). The leaching process for Cs, Mo and 90Sr was not influenced by the added metals. The pH and Eh values and corrosion potential were measured. The polarization resistance (Rp) was obtained from fitting of electrochemical impedance spectra, and then corrected by the surface area of the sample. The corrosion current density Icorr was calculated according to the Stern-Gary relationship, and using the same Tafel constants (26 mV)for all samples, i.e., Icorr = 0.026/Rp. The momentary corrosion rates of iron, cast iron and copper (Cu/Cu+) calculated based on the Faraday's law are in reasonable agreement with the values estimated from observation of thickness of corrosion layers using SEM microscope. The copper coupon appeared much more stable against corrosion than the other coupons. The corrosion layer and radionuclides deposited on corrosion products on iron coupons were analyzed by SEM-EDS and SIMS. Si was found to be coordinated with all iron corrosion products; however, redox sensitive elements U and Pu were mainly coordinated with the inner layer of iron corrosion products even though some 1-2 μm sized uranium-silica rich particles were found on the outer side of the iron corrosion layer. The findings of this work contribute to an improved understanding of the behaviour of spent fuel under near field repository conditions.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Davoodi, A., et al.
(författare)
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An insight into the influence of morphological and compositional heterogeneity of an individual intermetallic particle on aluminium alloy corrosion initiation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 64:3, s. 195-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a multi-analytical in situ and ex situ approach was used to provide information needed to identify the role of an individual heterogeneous intermetallic particle (IMP) in localized corrosion initiation of aluminium alloys. The heterogeneity of the IMP was studied by combining atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). A complex AlMnFeSi IMP phase with different chemical composition in its inner and outer parts was characterized by SEMEDS analysis. AFM results uniquely revealed a brain-like feature of an IMP with 20nm height variations. Submicron sized galvanic cell induced by morphological and compositional heterogeneity resulted in a localized corrosion attack inside the individual IMP. Various collected current levels measured by SECM were associated to the morphological and compositional heterogeneity of IMPs.
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| 36. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing an AFM-Based SECM system; Instrumental setup, SECM simulation, characterization, and calibration
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 155:8, s. C474-C485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An integrated atomic force microscopy/scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM/SECM) system was developed as an in situ local electrochemical probing technique. It consists of a dual-mode probe acting as an AFM cantilever and SECM microelectrode to simultaneously obtain the topography and electrochemical current map of the same area. Two types of probes with different geometries were used. The scan velocity and concentration profile of the redox mediator during the scan were simulated, using the equations of convection-diffusion mass transport coupled with continuity and momentum in three dimensions under steady-state and transient conditions. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the probes were investigated. It was found that, during a normal scan rate (around 1 Hz), the effect of convective transport is negligible and the SECM lateral resolution depends on the geometrical parameters. With favorable geometry, a probe with a Pt microelectrode of 1 mu m diameter can distinguish two active sites with a distance of at least 3-4 mu m. The paper also reports experiments for characterization and calibration of the AFM/SECM system. Concurrent AFM and SECM images obtained on a gold band calibration sample verify the high-resolution capability of the SECM of one or a few micrometers with optimized conditions.
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| 37. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
In-situ investigation of localized corrosion of aluminum alloys in chloride solution using integrated EC-AFM/SECM technique
- 2005
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Ingår i: Electrochemical and solid-state letters. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1099-0062 .- 1944-8775. ; 8:6, s. B21-B24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been integrated with electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), and applied for in situ studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys in NaCl solution. The instrument utilizes a dual mode probe, which functions both as a normal cantilever and as an ultramicroelectrode. The I-/I3- redox mediator was used for mapping of local electrochemical current. Concurrent topography and electrochemical activity maps have been obtained on the same surface area with micrometer lateral resolution. Preliminary results show ongoing localized dissolution related to intermetallic particles in the Al alloys, which may occur well below the breakdown potential.
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| 38. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated AFM and SECM for in situ studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 52:27, s. 7697-7705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rolled 3xxx series Al alloys, e.g., EN AW-3003, are generally used as fin or tube material in heat exchangers for automobiles. With reducing fin thickness, maintaining fin material integrity is of increasing importance. This study aimed at exploring the differences in intrinsic corrosion properties between EN AW-3003 and a newly developed Al–Mn–Si–Zr fin alloy using state-of-the-art local probing techniques. Volta potential mapping of both alloys by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicates a cathodic behaviour of constituent intermetallic particles (>0.5 μm) relative to the alloy matrix. Compared to EN AW-3003, the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy has a smaller number of particles with large Volta potential difference relative to the matrix. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements in slightly corrosive solutions showed extensive localized dissolution and deposition of corrosion products on EN AW-3003, and only a small number of corroding sites and “tunnel-like” pits on Al–Mn–Si–Zr. Probing the ongoing localized corrosion process by integrated AFM and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) revealed more extensive local electrochemical activity on EN AW-3003 than on Al–Mn–Si–Zr. In all, the lower corrosion activity and smaller tunnel-like pits resulted in lower material loss of the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy, a beneficial property when striving towards thinner fin material.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Davoodi, Ali, 1974-
(författare)
-
Mechanistic studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys by high resolution in-situ and ex-situ probing techniques
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-analytical approach based on in-situ and ex-situ local probing techniques was employed to investigate localized corrosion mechanisms of some aluminum alloys in chloride containing solutions, focusing on the influence of intermetallic particles (IMPs) in the alloys. In the EN AW-3003 alloy, SEM-EDS analysis revealed constituent and dispersoid IMPs. There are two types of constituent IMPs, with size ranging from 0.5 to several μm, and composition typically Al6(Fe,Mn) or Al12(Mn,Fe)3Si, respectively,having a Mn/Fe ratio of about 1:1. Fine dispersoids of 0.5 μm or less in size normally have the composition Al12Mn3Si1-2. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM measurements showed that the constituent IMPs have a higher Volta potential compared to the matrix, and the Volta potential difference increased with particle size, probably related to the composition of the IMPs. The SKPFM results also showed a Volta potential minimum in the boundary region adjacent to some larger IMPs. The open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicated local electrochemical activities occurring on the surface, and active-like dissolution in the acidic solutions, but a passive-like behavior in the near-neutral solutions. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy measurements after exposure and thermodynamic calculations suggested the formation of mixtures of aluminum oxyhydroxide and acetate on the surface in acetic acid solutions. The formation and fraction of dominant species of the corrosion products depend on the pH of the solution, and aluminum chloride compounds may form at very low pH. Moreover, an integrated in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanningelectrochemical microscopy (SECM) set-up was used to investigate the localized activities on the surface. With a dual mode probe, acting as both AFM tip and SECM microelectrode, concurrent topography and electrochemical current images were obtained on the same area of the surface. Numerical simulations of the SECM suggested a micrometer lateral resolution under favorable conditions and the ability to resolve μmsized active sites with a separation distance of about 3 μm or larger. The simulations were verified by SECM mapping of the aluminum alloys in the chloride solutions. The AFM/SECM measurements revealed enhanced cathodic activity on some larger IMPs and local anodic dissolution around larger IMPs. In-situ AFM monitoring confirmed preferential dissolution in the boundary region adjacent to some of these IMPs. The results elucidate the micro-galvanic effect and size effect of the IMPs during the initiation of localized corrosion of the Al alloys. Furthermore, differences in corrosion properties between EN AW-3003 and a newly developed Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy were studied with a similar approach. Compared to EN AW-3003, the new alloy had a smaller number of particles with a large Volta potential difference relative to the matrix. In slightly corrosive solutions extensive localized dissolution and deposition of corrosion products occurred on EN AW-3003, whereas only a small number of corroding sites and “tunnel-like” pits occurred on the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy. The lower corrosion activity and the smaller tunnel-like pits resulted in lower material loss of the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy, which is beneficial for applications using a thin material.
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| 41. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Minuscule device for hydrogen generation/electrical energy collection system on aluminum alloy surface
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 36:4, s. 2855-2859
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cogeneration of hydrogen and electrical energy in a single system is still a challenging issue. In this work, in a micro scale, a novel miniaturized system is introduced to capture the electrical energy of produced hydrogen on aluminum alloy by using an ultra-microelectrode based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Sophisticated nanosize atomic force microscopy (AFM) based SECM probe could collect the electrochemical current close proximity distance from the aluminum surface to attain the highest possible current efficiency. Various collected current levels were associated to the aluminum microstructure constituents. It is expected that future development in instrumentation could principally facilitate SECM as a tool for hydrogen economy.
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| 42. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Multianalytical and in situ studies of localized corrosion of EN AW-3003 alloy : influence of intermetallic particles
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 155:4, s. C138-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of intermetallic particles (IMPs) on the localized corrosion behavior of an EN AW-3003 alloy was investigated in situ by conventional electrochemical measurements and high-resolution local probing techniques in chloride solutions with and without acetic acid. The open-circuit potential (OCP) fluctuations indicate local activities on the surface, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest active dissolution in acidic solutions but a passivelike behavior in near-neutral solutions. Integrated atomic force microscopy/scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM/SECM) was used to investigate the localized activities on the surface in a diluted chloride solution. The concurrent AFM and SECM images reveal cathodic activity of the IMPs and enhanced anodic current due to localized dissolution adjacent to some large IMPs upon anodic polarization. Moreover, in situ AFM imaging at OCP in solutions containing acetic acid show localized dissolution around the IMPs, leading to formation of deposits of ringlike corrosion products. The in situ observations reveal the microgalvanic effect of the IMPs, and the large IMPs are more prone to initiate localized corrosion compared to submicrometer dispersoids. Infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements after the exposure and thermodynamic calculations suggest the formation of mixtures of aluminum oxihydroxide and acetate on the surface in the presence of acetic acid.
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| 43. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Probing of local dissolution of Al-alloys in chloride solutions by AFM and SECM
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 252:15, s. 5499-5503
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local dissolution of Al alloys was probed in situ in chloride solutions by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Preferential dissolution in the boundary region between some intermetallic particles (IMPs) and alloy matrix, and trench formation around large IMPs during free immersion and under electrochemical anodic polarization were observed, which indicate different dissolution behavior associated to different types of IMPs. Moreover, by using an integrated AFM/SECM system with a dual mode cantilever/microelectrode probe, simultaneous probing of electrochemical active sites and topographic changes over the same area was performed with submicron resolution. This allowed the ongoing localized corrosion processes related to the IMP to be revealed.
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| 44. |
- Davoodi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of intermetallic particles in localized corrosion of an aluminum alloy studied by SKPFM and integrated AFM/SECM
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 155:5, s. C211-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aluminum alloy EN AW-3003contains a certain amount of micrometer-sized constituent particles and alarge number of nanometer-sized dispersoids. The practical nobility of intermetallicparticles relative to an alloy matrix was evaluated ex situby scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), and localized corrosioninitiation of the alloy exposed to chloride solutions was studiedin situ by integrated atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanningelectrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SKPFM results show a higher Voltapotential for the constituent particles than the matrix, and alarger difference for larger particles. In some cases, the boundaryregion between the large constituents and the matrix exhibits aminimum Volta potential. In contrast, a small Volta potential differencewas measured for the particles less than 1 µm. The SECMmapping of the alloy surface in the solution provided evidenceof a cathodic action of some constituent particles and alocal anodic dissolution adjacent to them. Concurrent AFM and SECMimages indicate that only some of the constituents are proneto initiate localized corrosion. Moreover, in situ AFM observations confirmenhanced localized dissolution in the boundary regions, verifying the cathodiccharacter of the constituent particles and a microgalvanic effect onlocalized corrosion. The fine dispersoids of nanometer size seem tohave no effect on the corrosion initiation.
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| 45. |
- Ecco, L. G., et al.
(författare)
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EIS and in situ AFM study of barrier property and stability of waterborne and solventborne clear coats
- 2014
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Ingår i: Progress in organic coatings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-9440 .- 1873-331X. ; 77:3, s. 600-608
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various processes can occur when paints are in contact with moisture, such as ingress of water and aggressive ions into the coating. As a consequence, the microstructure and properties of the paints can be affected. The present study combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the barrier property of waterborne and solventborne coatings on mild steel, paying particular attention to the occurrences in the first 24 h after contact between the coating surface and electrolyte. The sequential in situ AFM images revealed that changes on the order of hundreds of nanometres at the coating surface have occurred shortly after the exposure to the electrolytes. EIS observations for the clear waterborne alkyd coating revealed a rise in the |Z|0.015Hz and a decrease in the coating capacitance after a few hours of exposure. Evidences that water uptake caused swelling of the coating and promoted the closure/blockage of pores were given by means of in situ AFM. The solventborne alkyd emulsion has demonstrated lower reactivity to the presence of the electrolyte and a correlation between the coating resistance and defects/pores evolution is suggested.
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| 46. |
- Eidhagen, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
-
Synchrotron XPS and Electrochemical Study of Aging Effect on Passive Film of Ni Alloys
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 170:2, s. 021506-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate aging effect on the passive film of Ni23Cr15Mo and Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the structure and composition of the air-formed passive film on the alloys. The corrosion resistance of the two Ni alloys in 1 M NaCl solution was evaluated with electrochemical cyclic polarization measurement. The synchrotron XPS measurement provided detailed information about chemical states of alloying elements in the passive film, showing that the passive film consists of an inner oxide layer and an outer hydroxide layer. The XPS data allowed precise determination of the chemical composition and the thickness of the outer hydroxide layer, the inner oxide layer, and the underlying subsurface alloy layer. The Cr-oxide in the inner layer grows thicker with aging time, leading to Cr-depletion in the subsurface region. Mo and Nb in the alloy form mixed oxides and hydroxides, and aging in air leads to transformation of the lower valence oxides into higher valence oxides. The freshly formed oxide film exhibits similar barrier properties as the aged oxide film. The stability of the passive film formed on Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb seems to be better than that on Ni23Cr15Mo.
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| 47. |
- Ejenstam, Lina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Corrosion protection by hydrophobic silica particle-polydimethylsiloxane composite coatings
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 99, s. 89-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the time-dependent corrosion protection ability of 10-15. μm thin polydimethylsiloxane-nanoparticle composite coatings was evaluated using mainly open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The best result was obtained for the coating containing 20. wt% hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, where it was possible to achieve protection for almost 80 days in 3. wt% NaCl solution. The protective properties offered by this coating are suggested to be due to a synergistic effect of the hydrophobicity of the polydimethylsiloxane matrix and the prolonged diffusion path caused by addition of hydrophobic silica particles.
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| 48. |
- Ejenstam, Lina, 1985-
(författare)
-
Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings for corrosion protection of steel
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since metals in general, and steels in particular, are vital construction materials in our modern society, the corrosion protection of said materials is of great importance, both to ensure safety and to reduce costs associated to corrosion. Previously, chromium (VI) and other harmful substances were effectively used to provide corrosion protection to steel, but since their use was heavily regulated around year 2000, no coating has yet been developed that, in a fully satisfactory manner, replaces their corrosion protective properties.In this thesis, the use of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surface coatings as part of corrosion protective coating systems has been studied. Since the corrosion mechanism relies on the presence of water to take place, the use of a superhydrophobic coating to retard the penetration of water to an underlying metal surface is intuitive. The evaluation of corrosion protective properties of the hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces was performed using mainly contact angle measurements and electrochemical measurements in severely corrosive 3 wt% NaCl water solution.First, the differences in corrosion protection achieved when employing different hydrophobic wetting states were investigated using a model alkyl ketene dimer wax system. It was found that superhydrophobicity in the Lotus state is superior to the other states, when considering fairly short immersion times of less than ten days. This is due to the continuous air film that can form between such a superhydrophobic surface and the electrolyte, which can retard the transport of electrolyte containing corrosive ions to the metal surface to the point where the electrical circuit is broken. Since corrosion cannot occur unless an electrical current is flowing, this is a very efficient way of suppressing corrosion.An air layer on an immersed superhydrophobic surface is, however, not stable over long time, and to investigate long-term corrosion protection using hydrophobic coatings a polydimethylsiloxane formulation containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles was developed. This system showed enhancement in corrosion protective properties with increasing particles loads, up until the point where the particle load instead causes the coating to crack (at 40 wt%). The conclusion is that the hydrophobicity of the matrix and filler, in combination with the elongatedivdiffusion path supplied by the addition of particles, enhanced the corrosion protection of the underlying substrate.To further understand how hydrophobicity and particle addition affect the corrosion protective properties of a coating a three layer composite coating system was developed. Using this coating system, consisting of a polyester acrylate base coating, covered by TiO2 particles (with diameter < 100 nm) and finally coated with a thin hexamethyl disiloxane coating, it was found that both hydrophobicity and particles are needed to reach a great enhancement in corrosion protective properties also for this system.
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| 49. |
- Ejenstam, Lina, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term corrosion protection by a thin nano-composite coating
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 357:Part B, s. 2333-2342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report and discuss the corrosion protective properties of a thin nano-composite coating system consisting of an 11μm thick polyester acrylate (PEA) basecoat, covered by an approximately 1-2μm thick layer of TiO2 nanoparticles carrying a 0.05μm thick hexamethyl disiloxane (HMDSO) top coat. The corrosion protective properties were evaluated on carbon steel substrates immersed in 3wt% NaCl solution by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The protective properties of each layer, and of each pair of layers, were also evaluated to gain further understanding of the long-term protective properties offered by the nano-composite coating. The full coating system showed excellent corrosion protective properties in the corrosive environment of 3wt% NaCl-solution for an extended period of 100 days, during which the coating impedance, at the lower frequency limit (0.01Hz), remained above 108 Ωcm2. We suggest that the excellent corrosion protective properties of the complete coating system is due to a combination of (i) good adhesion and stability of the PEA basecoat, (ii) the surface roughness and the elongated diffusion path provided by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, and (iii) the low surface energy provided by the HMDSO top coat.
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| 50. |
- Ejenstam, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of superhydrophobic wetting state on corrosion protection : The AKD example
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 412, s. 56-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion is of considerable concern whenever metal is used as construction material. In this study we address whether superhydrophobic coatings could be used as part of an environmentally friendly corrosion-protective system, and specific focus is put on how the wetting regime of a superhydrophobic coating affects corrosion inhibition. Superhydrophobic alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) wax coatings were produced, using different methods resulting in hierarchical structures, where the coatings exhibit the same surface chemistry but different wetting regimes. Contact angle measurements, ESEM, confocal Raman microscopy, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the surfaces. Remarkably high impedance values of 1010Ωcm2 (at 10-2Hz) were reached for the sample showing superhydrophobic lotus-like wetting. Simultaneous open circuit potential measurements suggest that the circuit is broken, most likely due to the formation of a thin air layer at the coating-water interface that inhibits ion transport from the electrolyte to the metal substrate. The remaining samples, showing superhydrophobic wetting in the rose state and hydrophobic Wenzel-like wetting, showed less promising corrosion-protective properties. Due to the absence of air films on these surfaces the coatings were penetrated by the electrolyte, which allowed the corrosion reaction to proceed.
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