| 1. |
- Wan, Y., et al.
(författare)
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First reported nonpeptide AT1 receptor agonist (L-162,313) acts as an AT2 receptor agonist in vivo
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Med Chem. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 47:6, s. 1536-1546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this investigation, it is demonstrated that the first nonpeptide AT(1) receptor agonist L-162,313 (1), disclosed in 1994, also acts as an agonist at the AT(2) receptor. In anesthetized rats, administration of compound 1 intravenously or locally in the duodenum increased duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion, effects that were sensitive to the selective AT(2) receptor antagonist PD-123,319. The data strongly suggest that 1 is an AT(2) receptor agonist in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this substance is the first nonpeptidic low-molecular weight compound with an agonistic effect mediated through the AT(2) receptor.
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| 2. |
- Snygg, Johan, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal nitric oxide output during reduced mucosal blood flow in healthy volunteers.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Critical care medicine. - 0090-3493. ; 31:8, s. 2198-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide regulates epithelial permeability and other properties of the intestinal mucosal barrier. It previously has been shown in animals that intestinal mucosal nitric oxide production is impaired during gut hypoperfusion. The study was performed to confirm the presence of intestinal mucosal nitric oxide production in humans and to investigate the effect of gut hypoperfusion due to moderate arterial hypotension on intestinal nitric oxide concentrations. DESIGN: Open study where each subject served as his own control. SETTING: Clinical research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Nine healthy volunteers were intubated with a nasogastrointestinal tube for recordings in the distal duodenum. Intestinal nitric oxide output and motility were assessed by tonometry and manometry, respectively. Laser Doppler flowmetry and plasma angiotensin II concentration were used to investigate mucosal perfusion and a vasoregulatory response. INTERVENTIONS: Moderate hypotension was induced with lower body negative pressure over 1 hr. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Intestinal nitric oxide production varied in parallel with the migrating motor complex. Low values were obtained during phase I and peak values during phase III. Lower body negative pressure was initiated at a well-defined point in the migrating motor complex cycle. It was followed by a 40 +/- 6% reduction of laser Doppler flow signal, a 778 +/- 138% increase in angiotensin II, and a reduction in intestinal mucosal nitric oxide production by 48 +/- 8%. After lower body negative pressure, laser Doppler signal and angiotensin II concentrations returned to baseline levels within 1 hr, whereas intestinal nitric oxide output remained decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal tonometry in humans exhibits a considerable mucosal nitric oxide formation that varies in relation to intestinal motility. Intestinal nitric oxide production is depressed during conditions with lowered mucosal blood perfusion.
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| 6. |
- Chalangar, Ebrahim, PhD student, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods Using Sol-gel Seeding and Colloidal Lithography Patterning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Research Letters. - Heidelberg : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7573 .- 1556-276X. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different ZnO nanostructures can be grown using low-cost chemical bath deposition. Although this technique is cost-efficient and flexible, the final structures are usually randomly oriented and hardly controllable in terms of homogeneity and surface density. In this work, we use colloidal lithography to pattern (100) silicon substrates to fully control the nanorods' morphology and density. Moreover, a sol-gel prepared ZnO seed layer was employed to compensate for the lattice mismatch between the silicon substrate and ZnO nanorods. The results show a successful growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with controllable diameter and density in the designated openings in the patterned resist mask deposited on the seed layer. Our method can be used to fabricate optimized devices where vertically ordered ZnO nanorods of high crystalline quality are crucial for the device performance.
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| 8. |
- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; 1, s. 133-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
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| 9. |
- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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E4-Mistra, a research program for the development of an energy efficient low emission exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles
- 2012
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Ingår i: World Renewable Energy Forum, WREF 2012, Including World Renewable Energy Congress XII and Colorado Renewable Energy Society (CRES) Annual Conference. - : American Solar Energy Society. - 9781622760923 ; , s. 4530-4536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic - industrial research program, E4 Mistra, to reach the goals of energy efficiency and low emissions exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, on-board hydrogen production for use in both an auxiliary power unit and for NOx reduction and by finding new solutions for making the after-treatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions a mechanical filter using a sintered metal filter is developed. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The system is based on four technological advances: Thermoelectric material s for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using hydrocarbons from the fuel and H2 from a high efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter.
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| 11. |
- Sjögren, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous passive SAR imaging and detection of airborne targets
- 2017
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Ingår i: IET Conference Publications. ; 2017:CP728
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passive radar has been given much attention for many years. It has several advantages in comparison to active radar, such as possibility of lower cost sensors, ability to operate without disturbing the environment as well as allowing the radar covert operation. As such, passive radar exploits signals of opportunity e.g. FM radio and DVB-T. Ground based passive radars is well proved and is usually for simplicity on a stationary platform, using an array of antennas and a dedicated antenna for reference channel. Most commonly these radars aim at detecting airborne objects. However, recently results have been presented with passive radar on airborne platforms, in which synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using DVB-T signals has been performed. Only limited research results are published on the topic of air to air passive radar and even less in combination with SAR. In this paper, we present a method that combines passive SAR with airborne moving target detection.
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| 12. |
- Von Bothmer, Charlotte, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Stimulated murine macrophages as a bioassay for H. pylori-related inhibition of nitric oxide production.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - 0036-5521. ; 38:4, s. 380-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interference with the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway may be a virulence strategy for the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. This study evaluates a bioassay for such inhibitory actions on nitric oxide synthase. METHODS: Cultured murine macrophages were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Nitric oxide synthesis and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at increasing concentrations of L-arginine were analysed using chemiluminescence and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: The bioassay was evaluated against nitrite accumulation and two established NOS inhibitors. Bacterial extracts or whole cells of one H. pylori strain inhibited nitric oxide production at low L-arginine concentrations (2-20 microM). A higher concentration of L-arginine (200 microM) was not associated with such inhibition. The iNOS expression was not affected by any of the additives compared to stimulated controls. CONCLUSIONS: This bioassay is a reliable and simple method for analysing iNOS inhibition, resolving effects on enzyme activity or enzyme expression. H. pylori water extract and whole cells exert an L-arginine-dependent NOS inhibition, not influencing iNOS expression.
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| 13. |
- Wan, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first selective nonpeptide AT2 receptor agonist
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Med Chem. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 47:24, s. 5995-6008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first druglike selective angiotensin II AT(2) receptor agonist (21) with a K(i) value of 0.4 nM for the AT(2) receptor and a K(i) > 10 microM for the AT(1) receptor is reported. Compound 21, with a bioavailability of 20-30% after oral administration and a half-life estimated to 4 h in rat, induces outgrowth of neurite cells, stimulates p42/p44(mapk), enhances in vivo duodenal alkaline secretion in Sprague-Dawley rats, and lowers the mean arterial blood pressure in anesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats. Thus, the peptidomimetic 21 exerts a similar biological response as the endogenous peptide angiotensin II after selective activation of the AT(2) receptor. Compound 21, derived from the prototype nonselective AT(1)/AT(2) receptor agonist L-162,313 will serve as a valuable research tool, enabling studies of the function of the AT(2) receptor in more detail.
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| 14. |
- Wissel, Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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What Affects mRNA Levels in Leaves of Field-Grown Aspen? A Study of Developmental and Environmental Influences1
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2548 .- 0032-0889. ; 133, s. 1190-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analyzed the abundance of mRNAs expressed from 11 nuclear genes in leaves of a free-growing aspen (Populus tremula) tree throughout the growing season. We used multivariate statistics to determine the influence of environmental factors (i.e. the weather before sampling) and developmental responses to seasonal changes at the mRNA level for each of these genes. The gene encoding a germin-like protein was only expressed early in the season, whereas the other tested genes were expressed throughout the season and showed mRNA variations on a day-to-day basis. For six of the genes, reliable models were found that described the mRNA level as a function of weather, but the leaf age was also important for all genes except one encoding an early light-inducible protein (which appeared to be regulated purely by environmental factors under these conditions). The results confirmed the importance of several environmental factors previously shown to regulate the genes, but we also detected a number of less obvious factors (such as the variation in weather parameters and the weather of the previous day) that correlated with the mRNA levels of individual genes. The study shows the power of multivariate statistical methods in analyzing gene regulation under field conditions.
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