| 1. |
- Almefelt, Lars, 1968, et al.
(author)
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A tool for assessing customers' barriers for consuming remanufactured products
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. ; 1:DS87-1, s. 11-20
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One opportunity to address our world's environmental challenges is to change our patterns of consumption towards more sustainable ones, e.g. buying used products, renting products, and joining pools for co-consumption. All of these patterns share at least one point of departure: They imply that people use products that other people have used before. In this context, remanufacturing is a particular opportunity. In principle, remanufacturing means that a used product is industrially renovated in order to assure quality. However, remanufacturing is still just a niche, and the established pattern of consumption and production-involving new products-is very dominant. Reflecting this, there is a need to better understand how to gain acceptance for remanufactured products, and in particular to understand customers' barriers and drivers for consuming used and remanufactured products. Reflecting this background, the tool presented in this paper is aiming to support remanufacturing organisations to get a better understanding about the customers and their possible ways of reasoning when they approach an offer based on a remanufactured product.
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| 2. |
- Almefelt, Lars, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Methodology for service innovation in a Multi-Disciplinary context
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of ICED’09. ; , s. paper 5-405
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Services’ importance for the economy is increasing. However, services and their development remain under-researched in academia. This paper outlines the results of a project aiming to develop and apply methods for the early phases of service innovation. The project is a collaboration between an automotive manufacturer, a transportation firm, and a university. A research team selected and developed methods for problem analysis, development, and evaluation of services. In a series of workshops, actors from both firms set out on developing new services using the proposed methods. This paper describes these methods as well as demonstrates their application.
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| 3. |
- Babapour Chafi, Maral, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Media and representations in product design education
- 2014
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In: A. Eger, A. Kovacevic, & B. E. Parkinson (Eds.), Design Education & Human Technology Relations, Proceedings of The 16th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. ; , s. 42-47
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The creation of product form, involves embodying a potential function and intended use while defining geometrical, ordering principles. This paper aims to elaborate roles of different media and representations in design activities intended to externalise form ideas (e.g. sketching, building physical models, digital modelling, etc.). Understanding and explaining this is central to helping students and practitioners engage with, reflect on, and value the roles of media for externalising ideas.To understand and explain the role of media in design activities, design diaries were analysed. These were documented as part of a course in Advanced Form Design (7,5 ECTS - master level) in spring terms 2011-2013 with a total of 38 participants. For course completion, the students were expected work in groups on a project seeking creative form ideas and solutions for a dinnerware product with a high level of novelty, aesthetic detail, and functionality. Design diaries were used as an educational method for initiating and documenting self-reflections on a weekly basis. The students were to reflect on their process and the underlying motivations behind their activities.Design progress can be seen, as interplay of moving-seeing not only within one medium of externalizing, but also across different media. In the design diaries the students engaged in a dialectic process when translating their ideas from one medium to another. The results from diary analysis show how reframing prior ideas facilitates interpretation, discovery and correction of the assumptions that are not revealed in previous representations, and thereby, learning from previous mistakes. Creating educational situations to encourage the students iterate more often using different media, may result in reaching more well-reasoned solutions.Further, the paper discusses issues regarding skill in manipulation of material and media. Eloquence in using media facilitates idea generation without necessarily being bounded to and distracted by technical problems. This accentuates a need to help design students become more skilled in using different media, thereby enabling a fluent exploration of novel solutions.The paper provides a platform for students and, educators to engage with, reflect on and discuss how different media may support design, but in some cases also constrain creativity and ability to work with three-dimensional form.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Chatziioannou, Ioannis, et al.
(author)
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Ranking sustainable urban mobility indicators and their matching transport policies to support liveable city Futures: A MICMAC approach
- 2023
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In: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1982. ; 18
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding, promoting and managing sustainable urban mobility better is very critical in the midst of an unprecedented climate crisis. Identifying, evaluating, benchmarking and prioritising its key indicators is a way to ensure that policy-makers will develop those transport strategies and measures necessary to facilitate a more effective transition to liveable futures. After identifying from the literature and the European Commission (EC) directives the indicators that are underpinning the powerful scheme of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) that each municipality in Europe may implement to elevate the wellbeing of its population, we adopt a Cross Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) approach to assess, contextualise and rank them. Through conducting a qualitative study that involved a narrative literature review and more importantly in-depth discussions with 28 elite participants, each of them with expertise in sustainable development, we are able to designate the Sustainable Urban Mobility Indicators (SUMIs) that are the most (and least) impactful. According to our analysis the most powerful indicator is traffic congestion, followed by affordability of public transport for the poorest, energy efficiency, access to mobility service and multimodal integration. This analysis allows us to then match them with the most applicable strategies that may ensure a holistic approach towards supporting in practical terms sustainable mobility in the city level. These are in ranking order: Transit Oriented Development (TOD); public and active transport enhancement; parking policies, vehicle circulation and ownership measures; telecommuting and car-pooling.
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| 6. |
- Ebbert, Chris, et al.
(author)
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Beyond lampshades - Teaching upcycling in a meaningful way
- 2017
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In: International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education 7 & 8 September 2017, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Upcycling reuses waste materials to create products of higher quality/value. While upcycling is commonly described as important from a sustainability perspective and frequently appear as a theme in design education, several aspects remain unaddressed: How upcycling is done, how much waste is repurposed and the overall environmental impact of upcycling activities are often not adequately assessed. This article explores these aspects based on experiences from upcycling teaching activities recently carried out: six upcycling thesis projects in Sweden, and two upcycling workshops in China.These different experiences make it clear that involving interested manufacturers is crucial if any effect is going to be obtained from the upcycling activities. Since the task of designing with waste is so undefined, restricting manufacturing options as well as a target user group helps narrow the possible solution space. To use “virgin” industrial waste makes the process easier, since the input material is known and clean. Upcycling post-consumer waste could have an even larger positive environmental effect, but it is difficult since there is a lack of reliable material information. To conclude, if upcycling is to be part of a sustainable design syllabus, it should be ambitious. In order to move beyond ‘lampshades’ and similar demonstrational cases, one needs to strive towards a systematic process and methodology for upcycling, as well as involve relevant stakeholders that can make use of the results. The aim should be ‘industrial scale’, and not one of a kind solutions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hjort af Ornäs, Viktor, 1976, et al.
(author)
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Functional Sales From A Consumer Perspective
- 2006
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In: Wonderground – the 2006 Design Research Society International conference; Lisbon, November 1–5.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindgren, Pamela, 1968, et al.
(author)
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Practical experiences with different ways of eliciting information on ‘soft’ user requirements for assistive technology.
- 2018
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Users do not always adopt assistive technology (AT), but abandon it since it fails to meet their needs. Some users experience stigmatisation. Historically, AT design has focused on functionality, performance and safety. However, for AT users, other less tangible, 'softer' areas are also important, such as sensory, emotional, hedonist and social needs. The focus on the more tangible aspects of AT is probably one explanation why it often does not meet users' needs or fit into users’ everyday lives. Therefore, AT designers must also understand users’ ‘soft’ requirements. In this project, aimed to design a user-friendly AT device for short-distance individual transfers indoors, 36 user interviews were carried out. In the interviews, pictures of AT devices were used to visualise the AT concept under development. Fifteen of the interviews included questionnaires with semantic differential scales. The study showed the importance of actively triggering the users to reflect on issues beyond functionality and safety, and that the use of pictures and semantic scales had an effect on the characterof the data elicited. The implications are that users need support in envisaging both the product being designed and its functional context in order to express requirements for soft qualities.
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| 14. |
- Nikitas, Alexandros, 1980, et al.
(author)
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The paradox of public acceptance of bike sharing in Gothenburg
- 2016
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Engineering Sustainability. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 1478-4629 .- 1751-7680. ; 168:6, s. 101-113
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bike sharing is one of the most promising urban planning interventions to facilitate an all-necessary transition towards a more sustainable transport paradigm. Regardless of the fact that hundreds of schemes run in more than 50 countries worldwide, bike sharing is still moderately investigated by research. This paper reports on a primarily quantitative study of 558 responses that was set to frame attitudes reflecting public acceptance towards the rapidly expanding bike-sharing scheme in Gothenburg (Styr & Ställ), in an attempt to identify the ‘formula for success’. The respondents generally believed that Styr & Ställ is a pro-environmental, inexpensive and healthy transport mode, which complements the city’s public transport services and promotes a more human-friendly identity for Gothenburg. Even the respondents that self-reported a small (or no) likelihood to use bike sharing were positive towards the scheme. This means that they recognise that bike sharing has a significant pro-social potential and is not a system favouring a particular road-user segment over others that might not be interested or able to use it. The fact that the majority of the respondents do not use the scheme and yet its popularity is still vast indicates that there is much potential for more use in real terms.
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| 15. |
- Nilsson, Karin, 1997, et al.
(author)
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Nostalgia, gift, or nice to have – an analysis of unused products in Swedish households
- 2023
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In: PROCEEDINGS 5th PLATE Conference. - 1799-4861. - 9789526413679
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ensuring the reuse of products once they have fulfilled their purpose at their first owner is one way of extending product lifetimes and a central part of circular economy. In Sweden unused products tend to be retained instead of recirculated, 72% of Swedes use half or less of what is stored in their households (Myrorna, 2018). This paper maps unused yet retained products to understand what causes retention, as well as explores barriers for reuse and the products’ reuse potential. Responses from a diary study (n=45), capturing consumption and divestment behaviour were analysed using thematic analysis. Hassenzahl’s (2003) concept of apparent product character was used as a framework to structure insights regarding unused products in households. Almost all participants retained multiple unused products. Analysis revealed three main types; products retained due to emotional value, products perceived as useful in the future, and products to dispose, consecutively mapping into SELF, ACT, and Unwanted character. Barriers to divestment for products of SELF and ACT character relate to their strong hedonic or pragmatic attributes as products embody memories, social relations, and identity, or a potential future utility. Divestment of these product types require detachment from the product. Products with weak hedonic and pragmatic attributes were also retained, but due to challenging disposition processes. This breadth of unused yet retained products indicates a complex relation between attachment, use, and disposition, where reuse potential varies. The discussion reveals that some product groups are suitable for recirculation outside of the household, while others hold potential for reactivation within the household instead.
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| 16. |
- Nyström, Thomas, 1970, et al.
(author)
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KARTLÄGGNING AV MÖJLIGHETER OCH HINDER FÖR ÅTERBRUK GENOM SLUTNA MATERIALCYKLER FÖR MÖBLER OCH INREDNING I VÄSTRA GÖTALAND
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Västra Götalandsregionen (VGR), uppdragsgivare till detta projekt, har bland annat som uppgiftatt främja hållbar utveckling i Västra Götaland. Detta har medfört att man har tagit ett antalinitiativ för att skapa en hållbarare konsumtion av möbler. Det finns idag mycket fakta sompekar på att samhällets materialflöden genom ökande uttag av ändliga och förnyelsebararesurser behöver slutas, och de ekonomiska drivkrafterna förändras mer mot prestanda fråndagens konsumtionsparadigm med kort livslängd och ofta med lågt återvände i använda möbler.Varje år slängs stora mängder av fullt funktionsdugliga kontorsmöbler och inredning inomVästra Götalandsregionen med en stor miljöpåverkan och för stora summor av skattebetalarnaspengar. Utfasning av möbler kan bero på behov av förnyelse för att skapa funktionella ochtidsenliga arbetsplatser eller att möblerna är förbrukade efter mångårigt slitage och inte bedömssom möjliga eller lönsamma att reparera.. Det finns idag få möjligheter för offentligaverksamheter att på ett effektivt sätt kunna återbruka möbler och inredning och det finns fåkommersiella aktörer som idag kan erbjuda möjligheter till renovering och återanvändninggenom försäljning av begagnade möbler i en skala och till en kostnad som kan passa offentligaverksamheters befintliga inköpsrutiner.De aktörer som verkar inom offentlig inredning; offentliga beställare, återförsäljare, producenteroch arkitekter/designers har tillsammans möjligheter att bryta denna negativa trend genomolika åtgärder som att utveckla inköpskrav och rutiner med krav på t.ex. systematiskåteranvändning, reparation, återtillverkning, uppgradering mm. Men för att detta skall blimöjligt krävs att de centrala aktörerna utvecklar sin nuvarande logik för att tjäna pengar genomalternativa affärsmodeller och designar/utvecklar produkter för cirkulära materialflöden genomolika återbrukslösningar.Denna förstudie har haft som mål att undersöka hur några olika aktörer i den offentligamöbelvärdekedjan, möbelproducenter och återförsäljare, ser på hinder och möjligheter för attkunna erbjuda olika återbruks‐lösningar till sina offentliga kunder. Det finns även med enöversiktlig litteraturstudie som visar på genomförda aktiviteter och exempel på möjliggörandetekniker för cirkulära materialflöden samt även tänkbara positiva effekter dessa kan ge ur etthållbarhetsperspektiv, dvs tänkbara miljömässiga, sociala och ekonomiska effekter.I denna studie har fokus varit på s.k. lös inredning som möbler och belysning och inte på fastinredning som köksutrustningar som ofta hyresgäster har svårt att påverka. Flera av deintervjuade tillverkarna, ser positiva möjligheter till att utveckla nya lösningar mot slutnamaterialcykler, då de sedan länge strävar efter att tillverka produkter som de vill skall finnaslänge på marknaden och bli ”klassiska”. Men ett antal hinder finns för att få lönsamhet i sådanalösningar som t.ex. intresset att utveckla nya affärsmodeller, produkternas återvärde, estetiskafaktorer och brukarnas acceptans för funktionalitet, slitage och intresse för tidsenliga/tidlösamöbler mm. Ett undantag är de intervjuade belysningstillverkarna som inte såg återbruk sommeningsfullt eller intressant då de ansåg att energibesparingar genom ny teknik var betydligtviktigare än att kunna spara material.Studien visar att de olika aktörerna har olika praktiska förutsättningar för att kunna genomföraförändringar i sina verksamheter dels beroende på företagsledningens motivation men ävenberoende på kompetens och organisationens komplexitet. Generellt finns ett större intresse ochpraktiska förutsättningar hos de tillverkare som har större kontroll över sin värdekedja genomegen produktion och försäljning medan de tillverkare som är beroende av underleverantörer sermindre möjligheter och också är mer bundna till andra aktörer som t.ex. återförsäljare medramavtal. Den intervjuade återförsäljaren ser ett litet intresse till förändring och de tillverkandeföretagen beskriver att det rådande systemet med återförsäljare har förhindrat många egnainitiativ kring återbruk. Det intervjuade renoveraren ser stora möjligheter att passa som en del iett slutet möbelsystem för VGR.Rekommendationer för ett fortsatt arbete är att de aktörer som i förstudien visat ett intresse föratt vilja utveckla nya affärsmodeller och produkter för slutna flöden får möjligheter tillkompetens och utvecklingsstöd för att ta fram demonstatrationsprodukter samtidigt som flertillverkare och övriga aktörer erbjuds möjligheter att delta i en utbildningsinsats.
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| 17. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Waste as a starting point – how to educate design students to become active agents in closing material loops
- 2014
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In: International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, 4 & 5 September 2014, University Of Twente, The Netherlands.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Waste to Design project gives students a framework to do their thesis on trying to use industrial waste for new production. The first year of the project saw four theses, shedding light on the design process required for this type of work. The most common difficulties observed were uncertainties about material properties, production possibilities and regulations. This made students strive to connect and collaborate with people from other backgrounds, suggesting that improving cross-disciplinary collaboration skills in design education would facilitate this type of work.
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| 18. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Centers for Urban Re-manufacture: Lessons from the CURE Pathfinder Project
- 2019
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In: the 3rd PLATE Product Lifetimes And The Environment 2019 Conference Proceedings. - 9783798331259 ; , s. 577-581
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The reuse and remanufacturing of materials in urban areas is an important step towards closing local material cycles. Despite high potential, the use of these materials is currently hampered by various reasons, such as lack of coordination or insufficient exchange between the actors. There is no central point of contact at city level for bundling competencies in this field. The importance and possibility of establishing a central Center for Urban Re-manufacture (CURE) for sorting, storing and preparing for reuse and re-manufacturing of these materials was investigated in Gothenburg and Berlin, in a EIT Climate-KIC Pathfinder project. This article summarizes the findings and lessons of that project, which include an initiative review, market analyses, and participative workshops in both cities. The studies show that Gothenburg had a strong local authority engagement in the topic, while Berlin counted with several independent organizations already providing reuse services. The project managed to generate interest in this topic among local actors in both cities, which will hopefully result in the future establishment of some type of CURE in these locations. The article concludes that a combination of bottom-up and top-down engagement is needed to provide material recovery services at a city scale, involving stakeholders from across the existing material value chains.
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| 19. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Designing Away Waste: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Reuse and Remanufacture Initiatives
- 2019
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In: Recycling. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-4321. ; 4:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to transform the economy into one that is circular, that recovers most materials through reuse, remanufacturing and recycling, these activities need to grow significantly. Waste management has substantially incorporated recycling as an end-of-life treatment but has still largely failed to incorporate remanufacturing and reuse as possible material recovery routes. This article aims to provide useful information to establish centers for urban remanufacture (CUREs), by analyzing fifteen existing initiatives that facilitate reuse and remanufacture by providing access to secondary materials or manufacturing tools. The study consists of a review of selected initiatives complemented with targeted interviews to fill in missing information. Most initiatives provided access to secondary materials (13 of 15 initiatives), and almost all used different manufacturing tools (14 of 15 initiatives). Besides their regular opening hours, initiatives were mainly engaged in capacity building activities, which were done through predefined or improvised workshops. Most initiatives relied on external support to finance their operations (9 of 15 initiatives). However, one of the self-financed initiatives is the oldest initiative in the study, operating since 1998. Based on the results and tacit knowledge collected in this study, a framework is suggested to serve as a guide for establishing future CUREs.
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| 20. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Designing from the dumpster : experiences of developing products using discards
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Sustainable Design. - 1743-8292. ; 3:2, s. 61-78
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article presents results from the Waste to Design (W2D) project, that analysed six product development theses projects done to make use of specific waste materials. The W2D project investigated what challenges are faced when designing with waste and how they could be addressed. It was found that there is a need for a pre-process, where: material properties are analysed, several possible application areas are suggested and later screened to determine one product type to develop. The main challenge observed was the lack of reliable material property data for the discarded materials, which hindered well informed screening. Understanding the processes needed for designing with waste is a first step in order to facilitate this work in the future.
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| 21. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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Designing with waste: Comparison of two practice-based education cases
- 2016
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In: 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, E and PDE 2016, Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 September 2016. - 9781904670780 ; , s. 152-157
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Designing with discarded materials can be challenging, but it has the benefit of helping material recirculation and in doing so may help to reduce the volumes of waste currently available. This idea initiated work in two independent cases of practice-based design education: one at the Chalmers University of Technology at Gothenburg, Sweden and another at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing at Jabalpur. In both the cases, researchers at the two universities developed their methodology considering their contextual set of requirements. Further, the design students in both cases were presented with the ‘challenge’ and an ‘assistive method’ for performing product development using discarded material(s). Both initiatives were developed independently of each other, and the researchers got to know of the other initiative after initial work had been published on each study. This article is a joint analysis that seeks to compare the two initiatives to highlight the differences and similarities between the experiences in both design education and design processes. This is done to better understand the challenges of designing with discarded materials, with critical insights on the activity, thus enhancing the possible contribution of designers to material recirculation.
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| 22. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(author)
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From Industrial Waste to Product Design
- 2012
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In: DesignEd Asia conference proceedings, "Incorporating Disciplinary Dynamics Into Design Education". - 9789881672124 ; , s. 65-77
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To use waste as a starting point for new product developmentwould be a sustainable use of material resources that alleviates waste handling loads. So far, products that use waste as a starting point have not been able to significantly affect waste trends. This shows a need for methods that facilitate using waste materials for product development. With this in mind, the project “From Industrial Waste to Product Design” was initiated.Industrial design engineering students are encouraged to do their master theses on exploring product development with currently unused waste. This article suggests a methodology to help designers achieve this. Two approaches were undertaken: a product study to review the state of the art in designing with waste; and an analysis of traditional design processes. In the end, an expanded design process was proposed, since a description of a systematic process for this issue was lacking among researchers or practitioners.
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| 23. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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A proposal for a structured approach for cross-company teamwork: a case study of involving the customer in service innovation
- 2011
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In: Research in Engineering Design - Theory, Applications, and Concurrent Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-6066 .- 0934-9839. ; 22:3, s. 153-171
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper outlines the results of a project aimingto develop and apply methods for service co-creationwith customers, focusing on the early phases of servicedevelopment. The project is collaboration between a manufacturing firm in the automotive industry, one of their B2Bcustomers (a transportation firm), as well as a university, all in Sweden. The research team selected and developedmethods and work practices for problem analysis, ideageneration, development and evaluation of services. Thusdoing, methodological influence was taken from the area ofengineering design. The proposed approaches were appliedin a service development experiment mainly based onworkshops. The experiment was followed up by an analysisof the resulting output, an interview series, and an evaluation by peers in focus groups. The goal of this article is to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the industrial applicability of co-creating services using a structured approach, e.g. what are the benefits and challenges? (2)What do the different actors contribute with using thisapproach, and what possible factors influence the nature and quality of the actors’ contributions? (3) Based on theanswers to the questions above, what aspects should beconsidered to support situated planning and execution offuture service co-creation projects? A central conclusion is that a structured approach is industrially applicable, but it is also evident that there is no completely universal recipe for service innovation. Addressing these insights, the paper also contributes with guidelines to support the situation-adapted set-up of future service co-creation projects.
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| 24. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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A Toolkit for Designing Products and Services Fit for Circular Consumption
- 2021
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In: <em>Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management</em>. - Singapore : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2194-055X .- 2194-0541. ; , s. 33-48
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper introduces the Use2Use design toolkit—a set of tools that can be used to design for circular consumption. In contrast to other available circular design tools, the toolkit emphasises the importance of applying a user perspective when exploring opportunities for product circularity. It aids designers and other agents to explore user needs, identify consumption-related design challenges, and design products and services that can create enabling preconditions that make it possible, more convenient, and preferable for people to circulate products from use to use. The process to develop the tool is initially presented followed by a description of the toolkit and its five tools. The paper concludes with a discussion regarding how the proposed toolkit compares to other circular design tools and what implications it has for design practice and future research.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Characterizing and comparing service innovation in manufacturing firms and service organizations
- 2013
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In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED13), Seoul, South Korea. ; 4 DS75-04
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the major trends within manufacturing industries is initiatives to expand service and aftermarket businesses. Goods and services are integrated in total solutions, and the customers pay for delivered functions rather than hardware. However, many traditional manufacturing firms have found it difficult to make decisions about what service to develop and launch. Challenges include assessing the quality of the service, customer value, and personnel and equipment requirements. Service organizations have more experience in assessing such qualities and it may be possible to transfer their approaches to manufacturing firms. This study compares processes and methods for service innovation at a manufacturing firm with those at three service organizations. Similarities and differences are identified. A framework is then constructed that proposes a basic typology of service innovations. The framework enables a firm to analyze its service innovation situation and proposes suitable methods dependent on the characteristics. The framework is applied to the situation of the studied manufacturing firm and strategic pathways for this firm are discussed.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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D2.2.1. Accessibility. Detailed specification of accessibility solutions. D2.2.1a in the project European Bus System of the Future.
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The main objectives of European Bus System of the Future (EBSF) project are to: (i) develop an innovative, high quality, bus system; (ii) achieve a breakthrough design of vehicles, infrastructures and operations emphasising a system approach.; and (iii) maintain or improve the competitive position of the European bus manufacturers and operators worldwide. This report presents result from a literature study on the topic of accessibility. Future bus systems must be accessible to fulfil the needs of people with disabilities. The objectives of the literature study were to: (i) Provide a brief overview of the area of disability; (ii) Describe problems and barriers that people with disabilities face when travelling – by bus in particular and (iii) Provide recommendations on how to achieve an accessible design of a public transport system in general, and of buses and bus systems in particular. The results are divided into four parts. The first part concerns disability: what it is, and how different disabilities can be categorized. The second part describes barriers people with disabilities face when using public transport. The third part presents general guidelines for designing for accessibility, while the final part includes guidelines for designing accessible bus systems. It is concluded that one must apply a “whole journey perspective” in order to design an accessible bus system, i.e. all links in the travel chain must be easily accessible. The design guidelines included in this report are a starting point for creating a bus system of the future that has high accessibility throughout the travel chain.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Detailed specification and design specification for optimised layout, passenger flow and dwell time including new and attractive front, D 2.1.3.a in the project European Bus System of the Future
- 2011
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In D2.1.3.a, simulation models are built for different bus design in order to find a optimal bus layout in terms of dwell time and passenger flow. The simulation result shows that layout 4 is the optimal one compared to other layouts. The main features of layout 4 are centre driver position and short front overhang, double doors with large door blade and flexible seat type in front car. It is also shown that dwell time can be reduced when ticket machines are positioned far away from the door (on the opposite side of the aisle), compared to the results when the ticket machines are positioned near by the door.Physical bus mockups are built in order to evaluate how different bus layouts affect dwell times and passengers’ experiences. It shows that the addition of the 4th door is positive. The experiment allowing passengers to only enter through the front door, however, increases dwell times.
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| 32. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating public transport vehicles using full scale mockups and staged experiences
- 2012
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In: Proceedings at the NES (Nordic Ergonomic Society) Conference, Stockholm, Aug 20-23, 2012.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to present a method for evaluating Public transport vehicles from a traveller perspective. The proposed method, staged travels in full scale mockups, have been used and validated in two vehicle development projects. Findings from these cases will be discussed.
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| 33. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?
- 2014
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In: Transportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-090X. ; 38, s. 16-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducingthe simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passengerflows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Mapping the landscape of circular design tools
- 2024
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In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 209
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Circular design tools can help companies to move from linear to circular design practices and an increased uptake of such tools have potential to help realise the circular transition. Despite the existence of numerous circular design tools, companies often find it challenging to identify tools that align with their needs as the tool landscape is difficult to navigate. This paper offers a synthesized overview of 65 circular design tools that uniformly describes the tools’ main attributes. The tools are categorized into five families to make it easier to navigate the tool landscape and identify tools for specific needs. The findings offer a useful resource for the research community as well as companies seeking to e.g. design for value retention and extended product lifetimes. Implications for tool developers and practitioners are highlighted, advocating for more effective utilization of existing tools and the alignment of future tool development with circular design practices.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Take Waste and Make: Guidelines for workshops to find new applications for industrial waste material.
- 2013
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In: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2013, Consilience and Innovation in Design, 24-30 August 2013, Tokyo..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To find new applications for industrial waste material is environmentally and economically desirable. However, generating such ideas is done under conditions that are normally unusual for product developers: It has a specific input, but a very large solution space. This study explores the workshop format as such and more specifically effective set-ups for workshops aiming at finding new applications for waste material. To explore this, four different workshops were carried out. Given its possibilities to incorporate different expertise, ideas from various fields could be generated, increasing the chance of finding a suitable application area. The participants’ task was to generate new ideas for a re-use of discarded PVC cable sleeving. The workshop format made it possible to evaluate variations in the preconditions. In addition to direct observations in the course of the workshops, outputs from the workshops were analyzed and compared to their preconditions. The workshops resulted in ideas from a broad spectrum of areas, providing a good basis for future product development. It was found that the choice of participants and stimuli were essential for the workshops. This article elaborates upon the connections between the workshop’s set-up and the obtained results.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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The use2use design toolkit—Tools for user-centred circular design
- 2021
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In: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent research highlights that the important role users play in the transition to a circular economy is often overlooked. While the current narrative emphasises how to design products fit for circular (re-)production flows, or how to design circular business models, it often fails to address how such solutions can be designed to be attractive to people. As long as products and services are designed in a way that makes people prefer linear options over circular ones, the transition will not gain momentum. To further the understanding of how a user perspective can be valuable for circular design, this paper introduces the Use2Use Design Toolkit and presents initial experiences from using its five tools in design work. The tools were developed between 2016 and 2019 and subsequently applied in 30 workshops with professionals and students. Insights from the workshops suggest that the participants generally found the tools fun, instructive and inspirational. The tools enabled them to discuss circular processes from a user’s point of view and to identify challenges and design opportunities. The toolkit was considered especially relevant and meaningful by product and service designers who needed support to explore circular solutions from a user perspective. © 2021 by the authors.
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| 43. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Turning Interaction Design Students Into Co-Researchers: How We Tried This and Somewhat Failed
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE15). - 9781904670629 ; , s. 194-199
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are many potential benefits of involving university students in research (as researchers, not subjects). It can help students to increase their retentive knowledge in the subject they study, and also develop research skills such as problem framing and analysis. While disciplines such as psychology and medicine have a tradition of students contributing to research publications, Design and Product Development does not. This indicates an untapped potential for researchers in these fields to more actively engage their students in their work. In the spring of 2014, we made an effort to involve Interaction Design master's students in our research. It was in a Product Development course on "User Requirements Elicitation". The research itself dealt by comparison with the effectiveness of two research methods; namely, individual interviews compared to group interviews. During the course, students in groups made a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the two methods. It was clear that the students did not appreciate this initiative. Their opinion was that it did not have a high enough "pay-off" in relation to their efforts. The course received very low scores when the students evaluated it. However, we could see quite clearly that they had developed an in-depth knowledge of the compared methods. The students also discussed issues such as reliability and validity of their research in a way that we had not seen in the course in its previous years. The whole experiment resulted in significant knowledge generation regarding how (and how not) to involve students in research.
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| 44. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975
(author)
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User-Centred Design and Technology-Mediated Services- Identifying and Addressing Challenges by Analysing Activities
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- User-centred design has a focus on designing products to satisfy user needs rather than emanating from a technological starting point. Understanding user needs when developing products is considered a key component to achieve market success today.User-centred design is almost always described as a way to design products that satisfy user needs. While the word product does not necessarily exclude services, it is the design of tangible goods (or in some cases software solutions) that generally is the issue. However, most products which are sold today are in fact containing some kind of service. Furthermore, services that are sold often include ‘traditional’ technology necessary for delivering the services – technology which is becoming increasingly complex. In such services the users are often required to interact with this technology in order to realise the service. Two examples are bus journeys, where the users have to travel onboard the bus, and Internet information services, where the users have to interact with a website. These services are technology-mediated.The aim of this thesis was to explore how the user-centred design approach, normally used for designing tangible goods, can help in designing technology-mediated services. Three different research projects regarding technology-mediated services were studied. An activity-based framework was used to analyse, in retrospect, methods and outcomes of the three projects.Challenges for designing technology-mediated services that satisfy user needs were identified. These challenges were found to be a consequence of two important prerequisites of designing technology-mediating services: the intangible and complex characteristics of services, and the need for users to interact with technology.Technology-mediated services are special in relation to both tangible products and services. The main challenge lies in the fact that the two prerequisites must be considered concurrently. Today, user-centred design is not optimised to cope with this challenge. It needs to be complemented with new methods, but also new knowledge. The traditional methods in user-centred design can be useful, but the consequences of applying them to user-centred design instead of traditional products need to be understood. To achieve this understanding an activity-based approach to designing technology-mediated services is proposed. Within this thesis, three individually different areas related to technology-mediated services have been analysed on the basis of activity theoretical concepts. The potential of such an approach lies in its possibility to provide an organised and consistent way to investigate, describe, and understand technology-mediated services and how these affect people’s everyday activities.When technology-mediated services are designed it is the users’ experience of the complete solution, including the technology and the service content, which is to satisfy user needs. Considering the user-technology interaction alone is not enough.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(author)
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A Tool for Charting Circular Consumption Journeys
- 2019
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In: Proceedings of the 19th European Roundtable for Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP 2019). - 9788409168927 ; 1, s. 47-64
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Circular economy proponents often argue that products should be designed to last long, be fit for circular (re-) production flows, and be offered through circular services. While this is essential for bringing about a transition to a circular economy, changes in consumption are equally important. Transitioning from linear consumption processes (i.e. buying new products, using, and disposing of them as trash) to circular consumption processes (i.e. obtaining pre-used products, using, and passing them on to others) can however be challenging for people. Renting, borrowing, trading and other circular paths of consumption commonly require more time, effort and planning than linear paths of consumption. In order to make it more preferable for people to circulate products from consumer to consumer, products and services should be designed to make circularity convenient and desirable in everyday life. Such design processes require an in-depth understanding of people’s consumption processes. Yet, the available support to explore what circular consumption processes entail for people in everyday life is insufficient. Therefore, this paper introduces a tool for charting circular consumption journeys, which can support the development of products and services fit for circularity. This tool was developed during 2016-2019 in an iterative process in which the tool was tested by industry representatives and design students. In parallel with these activities, a team of researchers continuously developed and refined the tool based on gained insights. The tool aids designers and other agents to chart people’s consumption processes step-by-step, with a focus on people’s activities, actions, decisions and experiences. By charting circular consumption journeys, insight can be gained regarding critical hinders that may keep people from engaging in circular consumption. Moreover, it will unveil consumption-related challenges that should be addressed when designing circular products and services. Overall, the tool can aid organisations to both increase their understanding of circular consumption processes and to explore opportunities to develop products and services for a circular economy.
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| 48. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Designing products and services for circular consumption - A circular design tool
- 2021
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In: 4th Conference on Product Lifetimes and the Environment (PLATE).
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most circular design tools focus on how to design durable products that are fit for circular (re-)production flows, or how to design circular business models. The crucial role users play for a transition to a circular economy is often overlooked in existing tools, as is design opportunities to enable and support circular consumption. This paper presents one of the tools in the Use2Use Design Toolkit, the Circular Designs Ideation Pack, which is a user-centered circular design tool especially developed to aid designers and others to design for circular consumption. The tool supports design of products and services that can create enabling preconditions making it more convenient, and preferable for people to circulate products from use to use. In contrast to other available circular design tools, it supports exploration of circular design opportunities from a user perspective and in relation to people’s consumption processes. The tool has been tested in eight workshops with professionals and students, who considered it easy and fun to use. The workshop participants found the tool instructive and inspirational, and said that it helped them to discuss relevant design opportunities and come up with promising circular ideas. They also expressed that looking at circularity from a user’s point of view made it easy for them to address the topic. While the tool was found both usable and valuable in an educational workshop setting, the tool’s potential when utilised in companies’ regular design processes is yet to be explored. Future research will address how to integrate the tool as a part of existing processes to effectively support companies to design for consumption.
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| 49. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Re-framing Product Circularity from a User Perspective
- 2018
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In: Proceedings of DRS 2018 International Conference: Catalyst. - 2398-3132. - 9781912294206 ; 5, s. 2046-2057
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Much of the discussion regarding product circularity is framed from a production and business perspective. This paper argues that the current narrative needs to be complemented with a re-framing of circularity from a user perspective and that issues of consumption should be considered in more depth. Such a re-framing is proposed based on an exploration of the consumption process and a discussion regarding what different paths of consumption may entail for people. The paper also delves into the process of product exchange between multiple users over time. It underlines that products can be designed so that they can be transferred in tight loops from one user to another, i.e. from Use2Use, which typically entails environmental advantages in relation to circular production initiatives. Overall, such a perspective suggests an enabling approach, i.e. designing products and services that create preconditions that enable people to circulate products. New opportunities for supporting product circularity from a design perspective are suggested followed by recommendations for future work.
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| 50. |
- Selvefors, Anneli, et al.
(author)
-
Use to use – A user perspective on product circularity
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 223, s. 1014-1028
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The discussion regarding product circularity is often framed from a production and business model perspective. In this paper, people's consumption processes are taken as a new point of departure and a re-framing of product circularity from a user perspective is proposed to complement the current narrative. This user-centred perspective emphasises the importance of product exchange, which underscores that products can be transferred in tight loops from one user to another, i.e. from Use to Use. It also highlights a number of challenges and practicalities that circular paths of consumption may entail for people in everyday life, and thus points to new opportunities for designing products and services that can create enabling preconditions that make it possible, more convenient, and more preferable for people to circulate products. These design opportunities can be categorised into four design strategies that can support the development of products and services fit for circular consumption processes. How the proposed reframing compares to the current narrative is discussed and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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