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18. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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19. |
- Ederle, Joerg, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 375:9719, s. 985-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006), Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). Interpretation Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery.
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20. |
- Eriksson, Max, 1981-
(författare)
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Changing attitudes to Swedish wolf policy : wolf return, rural areas, and political alienation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 1966, the grey wolf was listed as a protected species in Sweden. Since then, the Swedish wolf population has increased in size, making human-wolf encounters more common, particularly in rural areas. Previous qualitative research has shown that segments of the rural population perceive the wolf to be incompatible with traditional rural life. Some also believe that the return of the wolf was orchestrated by urban interests, and perceive the wolf policy as a vehicle for the consolidation of urban power in rural areas. Thus, the return of the wolf can be assumed to aggravate pre-existing urban-rural tensions, resulting in conflicts over wolf policy, which Swedish wolf governance could be ill-equipped to handle. In view of this, this thesis is an examination of,how environmental, socio-political, and institutional factors affect varia-tions in public attitudes to the Swedish wolf policy over time, and discuss their policy implications.Drawing on extensive survey material collected in Sweden in 2004, 2009, and 2014, the wolf policy is approached from a political science perspective. This thesis is an attempt to bridge a number of existing gaps in literature related to wolves and policy, individual and collective level explanatory factors, and attitude change. The underlying assumption is that environmental, socio-political and institutional factors are likely to impact attitudes to wolf policy. Environmental change is found to be relevant, as direct experiences with wolf have increased over time, a development that was also associated with an increase of support for a more restrictive wolf policy (Paper I). Regarding socio-political change, politically alienated individuals were less likely to support the current wolf policy, and more likely to favor either more, or less restrictive policy options compared to other individuals. Rural areas displayed higher levels of political alienation than urban areas, and people living in rural areas were more likely to favor a more restrictive wolf policy (Paper II). Furthermore, individuals living in municipalities in which a high proportion of residents had grown up in a rural area, tended to favor a more restrictive wolf policy, an effect which could also be associated with political alienation (Paper III). Finally, institutional change was examined through an analysis of public support for the actors within the Wildlife Management Delegations (WMDs). In general, the interest groups represented in WMDs where found to reflect the representation preferred by the public. However, findings show a fundamental value divide in relation to natural resources, among the Swedish public, which is also reflected within the WMDs (Paper IV).The return of the wolf has caused part of the general public to want fewer wolves in Sweden. This attitudinal change is related to a growing divide between urban-rural areas in Sweden, and associated with a general pattern of political alienation. Thus, the wolf policy has become a symbolic issue around which rural citizens rally their fight against urban interests for political autonomy.
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22. |
- Gardner, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and telomere length : Systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 51, s. 15-27
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males, although results from studies have been contradictory. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that in humans, females have longer telomeres than males and that this association becomes stronger with increasing age. Searches were conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE (by November 2009) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators. Eligible observational studies measured telomeres for both females and males of any age, had a minimum sample size of 100 and included participants not part of a diseased group. We calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. Results: Meta-analyses from 36 cohorts (36,230 participants) showed that on average females had longer telomeres than males (standardised difference in telomere length between females and males 0.090, 95% CI 0.015, 0.166; age-adjusted). There was little evidence that these associations varied by age group (p = 1.00) or cell type (p = 0.29). However, the size of this difference did vary by measurement methods, with only Southern blot but neither real-time PCR nor Flow-FISH showing a significant difference. This difference was not associated with random measurement error. Conclusions: Telomere length is longer in females thanmales, although this difference was not universally found in studies that did not use Southern blot methods. Further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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23. |
- Griese, Julia J., et al.
(författare)
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Direct observation of structurally encoded metal discrimination and ether bond formation in a heterodinuclear metalloprotein
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 110:43, s. 17189-17194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although metallocofactors are ubiquitous in enzyme catalysis, how metal binding specificity arises remains poorly understood, especially in the case of metals with similar primary ligand preferences such as manganese and iron. The biochemical selection of manganese over iron presents a particularly intricate problem because manganese is generally present in cells at a lower concentration than iron, while also having a lower predicted complex stability according to the Irving-Williams series (Mn-II < Fe-II < Ni-II < Co-II < Cu-II > Zn-II). Here we show that a heterodinuclear Mn/Fe cofactor with the same primary protein ligands in both metal sites self-assembles from MnII and FeII in vitro, thus diverging from the Irving-Williams series without requiring auxiliary factors such as metallochaperones. Crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational data demonstrate that one of the two metal sites preferentially binds FeII over MnII as expected, whereas the other site is nonspecific, binding equal amounts of both metals in the absence of oxygen. Oxygen exposure results in further accumulation of the Mn/Fe cofactor, indicating that cofactor assembly is at least a two-step process governed by both the intrinsic metal specificity of the protein scaffold and additional effects exerted during oxygen binding or activation. We further show that the mixed-metal cofactor catalyzes a two-electron oxidation of the protein scaffold, yielding a tyrosine-valine ether cross-link. Theoretical modeling of the reaction by density functional theory suggests a multistep mechanism including a valyl radical intermediate.
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24. |
- Grimm, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring visual method in the field of educational leadership : Co-creating understandings of educational leadership and authority in school organisations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Educational Management Administration & Leadership. - : Sage Publications. - 1741-1432 .- 1741-1440. ; 51:5, s. 1219-1238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to method development in educational leadership research. The focus is on a visual method and the inclusion of visual material in data collection and analysis. Core concepts in this paper are educational leadership, power and authority. The method was used in face-to-face interviews in a research project that studied the steering and governing in, and of, Swedish schools. The method enhances verbal narratives when informants reason and motivate their understandings of positions, relations and hierarchies within the organisations. We found that using visual material encouraged informants to reason and problematise formalised leader positions, their relations and the hierarchies that appear. The method helps to visualise the informants’ understandings of the power distribution within the organisation depending on whether positions are described as distant or close, horizontal or vertical. The method made the informants take a stand on complex matters, reflect, and gain insights about their organisations. It provided us, as researchers, with rich data material. By making subjective understandings visual, implicit assumptions were made explicit. This could challenge the knowledge on existing leadership and power norms within educational organisations, and most likely in other forms of organisations as well.
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25. |
- Grimm, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Visual Method in the Field of Educational Leadership : Co-creating Understandings of Educational Leadership and Authority in School Organisations
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a contribution to the ongoing dialogue on the need for method development within the field of educational leadership. Educational leadership research has a set of conventional qualitative methods that regularly occur, surveys, interviews and observations (Thomson, 2017; Moran Jackson, 2019; Castillo and Hallinger, 2018; Hallinger, 2018; Tian et al., 2016). Though, it remains an overlooked issue to critically examine what this means to our research field (Thomson, 2017). This paper was born in some practical difficulties of interviews with educational leaders, which provoked an expansive take on the interview as an empirical occasion. In the paper we describe a visual method that was developed and added to qualitative face-to-face interviews to capture essential concepts concerning educational leadership, for example power, hierarchies and relations. The purpose of the paper is to examine how the process of data collection and analysis can benefit and constrain from the use of visual material in qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews. It also opens up for discussions about alternative ways to present research. In the paper we explore the following research questions:can a visual method imply for the co-creation of understandings about positions, relations and hierarchies within school organisations?What advantages and challenges may arise when new methods are added to qualitative face-to-face interviews within the field of educational leadership?A rather limited number of methods and approaches are employed within the field of educational leadership. The most common are surveys and interviews (Thomson, 2017; Moran Jackson, 2019; Castillo and Hallinger, 2018; Hallinger, 2018; Tian et al., 2016). Qualitative methods still dominate, although quantitative approaches are increasing in number (Gumus et al., 2018). Few studies make use of alternative data sources, such as videos, blogs, and photos (Moran Jackson, 2019). In an interdisciplinary and complex research field such as educational leadership, this could imply limited and to some extent defaulted perspectives.Our visual method was designed within a larger research project about steering and governing in, and of, Swedish schools. The creation of the method grew from a need to develop the interview technique to explore understandings of the organisations from the informants’ points of view. The most common motive for using visual material in a data collection process is an ambition to access data, as it enables the collection of data other than verbal data alone. Another argument is that visual material facilitates communication between researchers and respondents, particularly when participants are asked to express abstract ideas, and supports verbal communication. Visual methods are also believed to promote reflection, as words and pictures can work in synergy to enhance meaning (Pain, 2012; Pink, 2013). By adding visual material to semi-structured face-to-face interviews, we created a visual method to stimulate the informants’ reflections about complex matters as hierarchies, power and relations. These themes are central phenomena within the field of educational leadership. We wanted to explore what happens to the research process when transforming a traditional method by adding visual material to otherwise traditional qualitative face-to-face interviews. During the conference we evoke further exploration of alternative methods by presenting our findings by using moving pictures.Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources UsedThe 57 informants in our empirical and inductive study were selected and approached in the following way. In the Swedish educational system, municipalities are organisers of compulsory and secondary education, and thus we started off by selecting municipalities. The first selection criteria was that the average results, and the average grades of pupils in the last year of compulsory school, should be comparable between the selected municipalities (Kolada 2019, Siris 2019). Secondly, the average percentage of pupils who perceive themselves to be safe and secure in school, should be in the same range in the selected municipalities. Thirdly the municipalities should be of the same size, in population numbers. Two municipalities were selected (purposive sampling; Cohen et al., 2011). They identified two schools each (convenience sampling; Bryman, 2012), for the study. Approached from a systems thinking perspective (see Shaked & Schechter, 2017), semi-structured face-to-face interviews were made with politicians (n=4), superintendents (n=2), assistant superintendents (n=4), principals (n=4), teacher leaders (n=14) and teachers (n=29). Individual and group interviews were conducted.By accompanying the semi-structured interviews by a paper sheet with sticky notes we created a visual method. A sticky note with the informant´s function was put in the middle of the sheet, which was divided in three levels. Encouraged by the interviewer the informants added sticky notes with functions that they found central for their own function accompanied by semi-structured interview questions. The themes discussed during the interviews concerned key actors on different levels in the school organization, roles and functions, knowledge and competence, loyalty, trust, communication and systematic quality assurance. By adding a visual method, the informants were given a hands-on tool to arrange and to describe the education organization that they are a part of. This made it possible to visualize positions, relations and hierarchies. We video-recorded the sticky-note mapping to enable analysis of movements simultaneously with verbal narratives. At the end of the interview project a total of 43 images had been created during the interviews. In the process of analysis, the visual and auditory material were encapsulated in still pictures. These described more in detail how the interviews developed and certain aspects of the interviews that should be considered in the analysis. The still images were useful for further analysis, for example, to detect patterns in positions and relations within and between organisations, and for presentation of the result.Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or FindingsThe co-creation of images during the interviews elicited dialogues about complex subjects such as hierarchies, relations and positions. The method helped us to gain an understanding of how leaders describe their perceptions of authority and power in school organisations. By adding visual material to the interviews, a creative and active interview environment was created. The method made the informants take a stand on complex questions and matters, and to take different perspectives, thus gaining new insights about their own organisations. This provided us as researchers with a rich data material and uncovered our own biases. By making subjective understandings visual, the implicit was made explicit.As researchers we were challenged to coordinate the designing and exploration of the method and to ask new questions, which was sometimes challenging. Another challenge was to translate the rich visual material into condensed text to make it fit into the traditional journal format. This made us look for alternative ways to present research within our field. Research conferences that offer alternative ways to present, discuss and share research can be a valuable venue to develop research methods.To sum up, by adding a visual method to qualitative face to face interviews, it is possible for researchers to create a creative and active interview environment, and to analyse the data from different angles within a holistic approach (understanding parts vs whole). The method offers a flexible structure which enables longitudinal studies within and between different organisations. Inspired from what we have seen, we suggest that the method can facilitate international studies of educational organisations within different school contexts, European and other international contexts. Adding visual methods to more traditional interviews can make dilemmas in educational leadership visible and is useful when finding strategies to manage and lead various (groups of) actors in educational organisations.
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26. |
- Grulich, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Next - Exploration universal station (NEXUS)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- From July 25 to August 1, 2015 the Space Station Design Workshop (SSDW) was held at the University of Stuttgart in Germany with students coming from around the world. During the SSDW the participants where challenged to develop a concept for a new international platform like the International Space Station (ISS) for future space research. This paper discuss the Preliminary Design Document of the architectural design, deployment strategy and operational phase of NEXUS: the Next EX-ploration Universal Station, an international crewed space platform in cis-lunar space to support the current vision for future deep space exploration. This station is designed to be modular, extensible, sustainable and serves a number of novel applications, including unique research, supporting current and future robotic and human planetary exploration, and providing a platform for international cooperation and commercial development. This space station will be the center of space exploration during its operation and will dramatically enhance the opportunities for every partner to explore the unknown and new locations beyond Low Earth Orbit. The world has successfully collaborated for many years at the ISS. However, the ISS is only currently supported through mid-2020s. The next step is to further the research and exploration done in space and provide an intermediate staging location for missions beyond Earths sphere of influence. NEXUS is located in cis-lunar space, in a halo orbit around the Earth-Moon Libration Point 2 (EML2). While the priorities of potential international partners are extremely varied, NEXUS location enhances and supports the vision of nearly every international space agency and commercial companies. The station offers numerous opportunities for research and technology testing in space and on the Moon. The overall mission architecture is separated into two phases: the construction phase and the operations phase. In order to align with the end of the ISS, the construction will begin in 2024. The construction phase would last 6 years during which the various station modules are sent to EML2 using heavy lift launchers such as the SLS Block 1 and 1B through weak stability boundary trajectories. The station will become fully operational in 2030 and will receive supplies from Earth by using a solar electric tug which would taxi supplies from Earth to NEXUS. NEXUS will be used as an intermediate location for human and robotic missions to explore the Moon, Mars, and other destinations in our Solar System
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27. |
- Hilden, Malene, et al.
(författare)
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A history of sexual abuse and health : A Nordic multicentre study
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 111:10, s. 1121-1127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To determine if a history of sexual abuse is associated with objective and subjective indicators of health and if certain abusive incidents had a stronger impact on health than others. Design: A cross-sectional, multicentre study. Setting: Five gynaecological departments in the five Nordic countries. Sample: Three thousand five hundred and thirty-nine gynaecology patients. Methods: The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) on abuse history and current health was mailed to all patients who consented to participate. Main outcome measures: Reason for index visit at the gynaecologic clinic as well as several questions on health were recorded. General health status was measured as self-estimated health, psychosomatic symptoms (headache, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, dizziness), number of health care visits and number of periods on sick leave. Result: A history of sexual abuse was reported by 20.7% of respondents. A history of sexual abuse was significantly associated with chronic pelvic pain as reason for index visit (P < 0.01), laparoscopic surgery (P < 0.01), psychosomatic symptoms (P < 0.01), self-estimated poor health (P < 0.01), many health care visits (P < 0.01) and high incidence of sick leave (P < 0.01). Several subgroups within the group of sexually abused women were more likely to report poor health: women abused as both children and adults, women who experienced additional emotional and/or physical abuse and women abused by a person they knew. Conclusion: Sexual abuse has a profound impact on women's health. Taking a history of sexual abuse seems particularly warranted when the patient presents with chronic pelvic pain or symptoms of a vague and diffuse nature.
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28. |
- Johansson, Susanne, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Lika nöjd i syd, i väst och i norr?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Regional demokrati. Om politik och medier i Skåne, red. S. Johansson. - Göteborg : SOM-Institutet. - 9789189673175 ; , s. 35-54
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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29. |
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31. |
- Katarina, Roos, 1977-
(författare)
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Rektor och beslutsfattande
- 2020. - 3
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Ingår i: Att leda mot skolans mål. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151101613 ; , s. 97-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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32. |
- Katarina, Roos, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Skolchefen – en gammal roll i förändrad skepnad : [The School Superintendent – an old role in altered shape]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - Lund : Fahlbeckska stiftelsen. - 0039-0747. ; 124:3, s. 679-711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The position of school superintendent, established in 1958, was abolished in 1991 as a law regulated position. The equivalent tasks of a superintendent were there after carried out by a local government official with many different titles and a vary-ing set of responsibilities. However, in 2018 the position of school superintendent was re-established in the Swedish Educational Act. The purpose of this article is to study how school superintendents interpret the consequences of this change with regards to their commission and role. One-third of the informants claim that the revision of the law has not affected their daily work, while almost half believe that it has had some effect, albeit to a small extent. Informants believe it has contributed to a more well defined commission, a strengthened mandate, and a clarification of the superintendents’ responsibilities, which can be interpreted as yet an expression of an on-going process of re-centralization in the Swedish school sector.
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33. |
- Lebrette, Hugo, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of a ribonucleotide reductase R2 protein radical
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 382:6666, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerobic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) initiate synthesis of DNA building blocks by generating a free radical within the R2 subunit; the radical is subsequently shuttled to the catalytic R1 subunit through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). We present a high-resolution room temperature structure of the class Ie R2 protein radical captured by x-ray free electron laser serial femtosecond crystallography. The structure reveals conformational reorganization to shield the radical and connect it to the translocation path, with structural changes propagating to the surface where the protein interacts with the catalytic R1 subunit. Restructuring of the hydrogen bond network, including a notably short O-O interaction of 2.41 angstroms, likely tunes and gates the radical during PCET. These structural results help explain radical handling and mobilization in RNR and have general implications for radical transfer in proteins.
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34. |
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35. |
- Lidström, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur varierar lokalpolitikens legitimitet?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Korruption, maktmissbruk och legitimitet. - Stockholm : Norstedts. - 9789113023236
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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36. |
- Lidström, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Lokalpolitikens legitimitet
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordisk kommunforskning. - Göteborg : Förvaltningshögskolan, Göteborgs universitet. - 9789163398025 ; , s. 21-25
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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37. |
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38. |
- Melin, Beatrice S., et al.
(författare)
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hTERT Cancer Risk Genotypes Are Associated With Telomere Length
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genetic Epidemiology. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0741-0395 .- 1098-2272. ; 36:4, s. 368-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomere biology is associated with cancer initiation and prognosis. Collected data suggest that blood cell telomere length (TL) can change over time, which may be related to development of common disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the region of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene were associated with various malignancies, including glioma, lung and urinary bladder cancer, and telomerase RNA gene hTERC genotypes were recently linked to TL. In the present study a hypothetical association between identified genotypes in hTERT and hTERC genes and TL were investigated. We analyzed 21 polymorphisms, covering 90% of the genetic variance, in the hTERT gene, two genetic variants in hTERC, and relative TL(RTL) at average age 50 and 60 in 959 individuals with repeated blood samples. Mean RTL at age 60 was associated with four genetic variants of the hTERT gene (rs2736100, rs2853672, rs2853677, and rs2853676), two of which reported to be associated with cancer risk. Two alleles (rs12696304, rs16847897) near the hTERC gene were confirmed as also being associated with RTL at age 60. Our data suggest that hTERT and hTERC genotypes have an impact on TL of potential relevance and detectable first at higher ages, which gives us further insight to the complex regulation of TL. Genet. Epidemiol. 36:368-372, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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39. |
- Nordfjall, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere Length Is Associated With Obesity Parameters but With a Gender Difference
- 2008
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 16:12, s. 2682-2689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity have been coupled to short telomere length in peripheral blood. The biological background to this observation is not obvious from the literature. In this study we have analyzed a large set of known risk factors for CVD in relation to telomere length in blood cells on a merged cohort of 989 individuals recruited in the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort (MDCC) and the Northern Sweden MONICA project. We found a significant or borderline association between obesity parameters and telomere length in women after age and center adjustments (BMI: r = -0.106, P = 0.021, weight: r = -0.087, P = 0.060, waist circumference: r = -0.099, P = 0.032, hip circumference: r = -0.128, P = 0.005). In men, a positive borderline correlation to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.111, P = 0.053) and a negative correlation to 2-h post-oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was observed (r = -0.202, P = 0.045). In neither group any association was found between telomere length and cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum low-density lipoprotein, plasma insulin, blood pressure, pulse pressure, or smoking habits. Our data indicate that telomere length is associated with an "obesity-phenotype" but only in women.
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40. |
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41. |
- Nordfjäll, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale parent-child comparison confirms a strong paternal influence on telomere length
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Human Genetics. - Basel : Karger. - 1018-4813 .- 1476-5438. ; 18:3, s. 385-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomere length is documented to have a hereditary component, and both paternal and X-linked inheritance have been proposed. We investigated blood cell telomere length in 962 individuals with an age range between 0 and 102 years. Telomere length correlations were analyzed between parent-child pairs in different age groups and between grandparent-grandchild pairs. A highly significant correlation between the father's and the child's telomere length was observed (r=0.454, P<0.001), independent of the sex of the offspring (father-son: r=0.465, P<0.001; father-daughter: r=0.484, P<0.001). For mothers, the correlations were weaker (mother-child: r=0.148, P=0.098; mother-son: r=0.080, P=0.561; mother-daughter: r=0.297, P=0.013). A positive telomere length correlation was also observed for grandparent-grandchild pairs (r=0.272, P=0.013). Our findings indicate that fathers contribute significantly stronger to the telomere length of the offspring compared with mothers (P=0.012), but we cannot exclude a maternal influence on the daughter's telomeres. Interestingly, the father-child correlations diminished with increasing age (P=0.022), suggesting that nonheritable factors have an impact on telomere length dynamics during life.
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42. |
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43. |
- Nordfjäll, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The individual blood cell telomere attrition rate is telomere length dependent.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science. - 1553-7404. ; 5:2, s. e1000375-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Age-associated telomere shortening is a well documented feature of peripheral blood cells in human population studies, but it is not known to what extent these data can be transferred to the individual level. Telomere length (TL) in two blood samples taken at approximately 10 years interval from 959 individuals was investigated using real-time PCR. TL was also measured in 13 families from a multigenerational cohort. As expected, we found an age-related decline in TL over time (r = -0.164, P<0.001, n = 959). However, approximately one-third of the individuals exhibited a stable or increased TL over a decade. The individual telomere attrition rate was inversely correlated with initial TL at a highly significant level (r = -0.752, P<0.001), indicating that the attrition rate was most pronounced in individuals with long telomeres at baseline. In accordance, the age-associated telomere attrition rate was more prominent in families with members displaying longer telomeres at a young age (r = -0.691, P<0.001). Abnormal blood TL has been reported at diagnosis of various malignancies, but in the present study there was no association between individual telomere attrition rate or prediagnostic TL and later tumor development. The collected data strongly suggest a TL maintenance mechanism acting in vivo, providing protection of short telomeres as previously demonstrated in vitro. Our findings might challenge the hypothesis that individual TL can predict possible life span or later tumor development.
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44. |
- Norrback, Karl Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Telomerase activation in normal B lymphocytes and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
- 1996
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Ingår i: Blood. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 88:1, s. 222-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activation of telomerase seems to be a prerequisite for immortalization and is found in permanent cell lines and most malignant tumors. Normal somatic cells are generally telomerase negative, except for bone marrow stem cells. Weak activity is also present in peripheral blood cells. In the present study strong telomerase activity was demonstrated in vivo in normal mature cells of the immune system, as well as in malignant lymphomas. Benign lymph nodes had lower telomerase activity than benign tonsils, which exhibited intermediate to high activity comparable with findings in malignant lymphomas. In benign tonsils the activity seemed to be restricted to germinal center B cells. In benign lymphoid tissues telomerase activity correlated with B-cell numbers and cell proliferation, but this was not observed in the lymphoma group. High-grade lymphomas exhibited higher levels of telomerase compared with low-grade cases. The data showed that in vivo activation of telomerase is a characteristic feature of germinal center B cells. Different signals for activation of telomerase are likely to exist, one of them being immune stimulation. The data suggest that telomerase activity in malignant lymphomas can be explained by an "induction and retention" model, ie, transformation occurs in a normal, mature B cell with reactivated telomerase, which is retained in the neoplastic clone.
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45. |
- Norrback, Karl-Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Telomerase regulation and telomere dynamics in germinal centers
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 67:5-6, s. 309-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telomere length maintenance, usually executed by telomerase, is a prerequisite for an extended or infinite division potential. Nevertheless most telomerase positive normal cells exhibit telomere shortening. This study details the telomerase expression and telomere dynamics in purified tonsil B cell subsets during the germinal center (GC) reaction. Significant telomere lengthening was observed as naive B cells matured to centroblasts and when centroblasts matured further to centrocytes, resulting in an increase in telomere length of about 4 kbp determined by Southern blotting. Immunopurified cell populations were also studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry (flow-FISH) confirming that the GC B cells exhibited lengthened telomeres. These data were further verified in unpurified tonsil cells by combining flow-FISH and immunophenotyping using selected surface markers. Centroblasts expressed high levels of telomerase activity, which was increased in centrocytes, whereas resting naive, activated naive and memory B cells were telomerase activity negative. Expression levels of the catalytic subunit (hTERT) RNA paralleled the telomerase activity levels. The unique telomere elongation in GC B cells permits extensive proliferation during the GC reaction and provides the memory cells with a substantial increase in division potential. Understanding the telomere biology of GC cells is important in defining requirements for telomere elongation in vivo, with implications for the normal immune system as well as for lymphomas, and could provide insights into how the division potential of cells can be manipulated in vitro.
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46. |
- Persson Skare, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Novel anti-VEGF therapeutics
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Excessive and chronic vascular leakage in pathologies such as eye diseases leads to edema, tissue ischemia and disease progression. To suppress vascular leakage by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) function is clinically beneficial. However, development of new, topically applied therapeutic options is important as intravitreal injections currently carried out to deliver anti-VEGF therapeutics is expensive and may have serious side effects. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activates Src family kinases via binding the T cell specific adaptor (TSAd) to its phosphotyrosine residue Y951. These molecular interactions are required for gap formation at endothelial junctions and vascular leakage. Here, we describe the identification from a high throughput screen, of a small molecular weight inhibitor (LC1) which blocks the interaction between the phosphorylated VEGFR2 kinase domain and TSAd. LC1 binds to TSAd in surface plasmon resonance analysis. In intact cells, LC1 suppresses VEGFR2 kinase activity while if fails to inhibit kinase activity in an in vitro biochemical kinase screen of 35 kinases including VEGFR2. Superfusion of retinal explants blocks vascular leakage from retinal vessels. In conclusion, we have identified a compound which specifically blocks VEGFR2 function in endothelial cells.
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47. |
- Roos, Annie, et al.
(författare)
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Forging an entrepreneur - gendered ideas and ideals
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1756-6266 .- 1756-6274. ; 16:2, s. 256-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the gendered ideas and ideals attached to an imagined ideal Entrepreneur in a post-industrial rural community in Sweden. While research has not yet clearly explained how the ideal entrepreneur is constructed, the result, i.e. the gendered representations of entrepreneurs, is well-researched. Previous results indicate a prevalent portrayal of entrepreneurship as a predominantly masculine construct characterised by qualities such as self-made success, confidence and assertiveness.Design/methodology/approachEthnographic fieldwork was conducted in a community that is attempting to re-brand itself through garden tourism. Through inductive reasoning, this study analyses the gendered ideas and ideals regarding the community’s imagined ideal Entrepreneur who is to help the community solve its problems.FindingsThis study finds that the community forges the Entrepreneur into an imagined masculine ideal as holy, a saviour and a god and is replacing its historical masculine ironmaster with a masculine Entrepreneur. This study develops forging as a metaphor for the construction of the masculine ideal Entrepreneur, giving the community, rather than the entrepreneur himself, a voice as constructors. From social constructionism, this study emphasises how gendered ideas and ideals are shaped not only by the individual realities but more so in the reciprocal process by the realities of others.Originality/valueThe metaphor of forging adds an innovative theoretical dimension to the feminist constructionist approach and suggests focusing on how the “maleness” of entrepreneurship is produced and reproduced in the local. Previously, light has been shed on how male entrepreneurs perform their identities collectively; the focus of this study is on the social construction of this envisioned Entrepreneur within a rural community. The development of forging thus contributes as a way of analysing entrepreneurship in place. The choice of an ethnographic study allowed the authors to be a part of the real-life world of community members, providing rich data to explore entrepreneurship and gender.
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48. |
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49. |
- Roos, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Mätningar av läkemedelsrester i blod och urin från utter
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är den första delen av två i en pilotstudie om läkemedelsrester i utter. I den första delen ville vi undersöka om det gick att analysera rester av läkemedel i urin och blod från utter, samt att utvärdera vilken matris som är mest lämplig för ändamålet.Vi har analyserat 30 olika läkemedelsrester i blod och urin från 20 poolade prover som innehöll blod respektive urin från 33 uttrar. Samtliga läkemedel fanns i blod och/eller urinprover, dock inte i alla prov. Ett flertal ämnen låg under kvantificerbar nivå (Det antidepressiva medlet Venlafaxin fanns i samtliga tio blodprover (0,24-2,0 ng/g färskvikt) men inte alls i urinproverna. Risperidone som används vid behandling av bl.a. schitzofreni fanns i mätbara halter i 7 av de 10 blodproven (4,3-250 ng/g färskvikt) och 7 av 10 urinprov (0,12-46 ng/g färskvikt).Högst antal läkemedelsrester i urinet hade en utter från Västervik (11 st + 4 st Det fanns fler mätbara läkemedel i urinproverna jämfört med blodproverna, med ett undantag (Venlafaxin). Dessvärre är urin begränsande, de flesta uttrar som inkommer till museet har tom eller nästan tom urinblåsa. Att blodprov ändå fungerar bra är positivt. Det är oftast möjligt att ta blod från uttrarna som skickas in och därför föreslår vi att man i fortsättningen analyserar blod, och urin bara i de fall där det är möjligt.
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50. |
- Roos, Anna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Mätningar av läkemedelsrester i blod och urin från utter
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är den första delen av två i en pilotstudie om läkemedelsrester i utter. I den första delen ville vi undersöka om det gick att analysera rester av läkemedel i urin och blod från utter, samt att utvärdera vilken matris som är mest lämplig för ändamålet. Vi har analyserat 30 olika läkemedelsrester i blod och urin från 20 poolade prover som innehöll blod respektive urin från 33 uttrar. Samtliga läkemedel fanns i blod och/eller urinprover, dock inte i alla prov. Ett flertal ämnen låg under kvantificerbar nivå (
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