| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kaasinen, E, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of constitutional TET2 haploinsufficiency on molecular and clinical phenotype in humans
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 1252-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic heterozygous TET2 loss is linked to malignant degeneration via consequent aberrant DNA methylation, and possibly to cardiovascular disease via increased cytokine and chemokine expression as reported in mice. Here, we discover a germline TET2 mutation in a lymphoma family. We observe neither unusual predisposition to atherosclerosis nor abnormal pro-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine expression. The latter finding is confirmed in cells from three additional unrelated TET2 germline mutation carriers. The TET2 defect elevates blood DNA methylation levels, especially at active enhancers and cell-type specific regulatory regions with binding sequences of master transcription factors involved in hematopoiesis. The regions display reduced methylation relative to all open chromatin regions in four DNMT3A germline mutation carriers, potentially due to TET2-mediated oxidation. Our findings provide insight into the interplay between epigenetic modulators and transcription factor activity in hematological neoplasia, but do not confirm the putative role of TET2 in atherosclerosis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Reckermann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth Syst. Dynam.. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4987 .- 2190-4979. ; 13:1, s. 1-80
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
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| 6. |
- Austin, James D, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2011-31 March 2011.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 11:4, s. 757-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article documents the addition of 111 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, Anopheles nuneztovari sensu lato, Asellus aquaticus, Calopteryx splendens, Calopteryx virgo, Centaurea aspera, Centaurea seridis, Chilina dombeyana, Proctoeces cf. lintoni and Pyrenophora teres f. teres.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kivinen, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Threat spots and environmental determinants of red-listed plant, butterfly and bird species in boreal agricultural environments
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biodiversity and Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0960-3115 .- 1572-9710. ; 17:13, s. 3289-3305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were (1) to examine the geographic distribution of red-listed species of agricultural environments and identify their national threat spots (areas with high diversity of threatened species) in Finland and (2) to determine the main environmental variables related to the richness and occurrence patterns of red-listed species. Atlas data of 21 plant, 17 butterfly and 11 bird species recorded using 10 km grid squares were employed in the study. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were constructed separately for species richness and occurrence of individual species of the three species groups using climate and land cover predictor variables. The predictive accuracy of models, as measured using correlation between the observed and predicted values and AUC statistics, was generally good. Temperature-related variables were the most important determinants of species richness and occurrence of all three taxa. In addition, land cover variables had a strong effect on the distribution of species. Plants and butterflies were positively related to the cover of grasslands and birds to small-scale agricultural mosaic as well as to arable land. Spatial coincidence of threat spots of plants, butterflies and birds was limited, which emphasizes the importance of considering the potentially contrasting environmental requirements of different taxa in conservation planning. Further, it is obvious that the maintenance of various non-crop habitats and heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has an essential role in the preservation of red-listed species of boreal rural environments.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Naukkarinen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterising metabolically healthy obesity in weight-discordant monozygotic twins
- 2014
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 57:1, s. 167-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Not all obese individuals display the metabolic disturbances commonly associated with excess fat accumulation. Mechanisms maintaining this ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ (MHO) are as yet unknown. We aimed to study different fat depots and transcriptional pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as related to the MHO phenomenon.Methods: Sixteen rare young adult obesity-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (intra-pair difference (∆) in BMI ≥3 kg/m2), aged 22.8–35.8 years, were examined for detailed characteristics of metabolic health (subcutaneous, intra-abdominal and liver fat [magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy]), OGTT, lipids, adipokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 chips were used to analyse transcriptomics pathways related to mitochondrial function and inflammation in SAT.Results: Based on liver fat accumulation, two metabolically different subgroups emerged. In half (8/16) of the pairs (∆weight 17.1 ± 2.0 kg), the obese co-twin had significantly higher liver fat (∆718%), 78% increase in AUC insulin during OGTT and CRP, significantly more disturbance in the lipid profile and greater tendency for hypertension compared with the lean co-twin. In these obese co-twins, SAT expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, fatty acid oxidation and adipocyte differentiation pathways were downregulated and chronic inflammation upregulated. In the other eight pairs (∆weight 17.4 ± 2.8 kg), the obese co-twin did not differ from the non-obese co-twin in liver fat (∆8%), insulin sensitivity, CRP, lipids, blood pressure or SAT transcriptomics.Conclusions/interpretation: Our results suggest that maintenance of high mitochondrial transcription and lack of inflammation in SAT are associated with low liver fat and MHO.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Tengborn, Elisabeth, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the misorientation of the 4H-SiC substrate on the open volume defects in GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. ; 89:091905, s. 3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to study GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on misoriented 4H-SiC substrates. Two kinds of vacancy defects are observed: Ga vacancies and larger vacancy clusters in all the studied layers. In addition to vacancies, positrons annihilate at shallow traps that are likely to be dislocations. The results show that the vacancy concentration increases and the shallow positron trap concentration decreases with the increasing substrate misorientation.
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| 16. |
- Tuomisto, F, et al.
(författare)
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Ga sublattice defects in (Ga,Mn)As: Thermodynamical and kinetic trends
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 93:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used positron annihilation spectroscopy and infrared absorption measurements to study the Ga sublattice defects in epitaxial Ga1-xMnxAs with Mn content varying from 0% to 5%. We show that the Ga vacancy concentration decreases and As antisite concentration increases with increasing Mn content. This is in agreement with thermodynamical considerations for the electronic part of the formation energy of the Ga sublattice point defects. However, the absolute defect concentrations imply that they are determined rather by the growth kinetics than by the thermodynamical equilibrium. The As antisite concentrations in the samples are large enough to be important for compensation and magnetic properites. In addition, the Ga vacancies are likely to be involved in the diffusion and clustering of Mn at low annealing temperatures.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Aavikko, R., et al.
(författare)
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Clustering of vacancy defects in high-purity semi-insulating SiC
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 75:8, s. 085208-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study native vacancy defects in semi-insulating silicon carbide. The material is shown to contain (i) vacancy clusters consisting of four to five missing atoms and (ii) Si-vacancy-related negatively charged defects. The total open volume bound to the clusters anticorrelates with the electrical resistivity in both as-grown and annealed materials. Our results suggest that Si-vacancy-related complexes electrically compensate the as-grown material, but migrate to increase the size of the clusters during annealing, leading to loss of resistivity. © 2007 The American Physical Society.
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| 20. |
- Aavikko, R, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of vacancy clusters in HTCVD grown SiC
- 2005
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum, Vols. 483-485. ; , s. 469-472
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positron lifetime spectroscopy was used to study defects in semi-insulating (SI) silicon carbide (SiC) substrates grown by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD). The measured positron lifetime spectra can be decomposed into two components, of which the longer corresponds to vacancy clusters. We have carried out atomic superposition calculations to estimate the size of these clusters.
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| 21. |
- Ben Henda, N., et al.
(författare)
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OpenSAW : Open security analysis workbench
- 2017
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Ingår i: 20th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2017 Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2017. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783662544938 ; , s. 321-337
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software is today often composed of many sourced componets, which potentially contain security vulnerabilities, and therefore require testing before being integrated. Tools for automated test case generation, for example, based on white-box fuzzing, are beneficial for this testing task. Such tools generally explore limitations of the specific underlying techniques for solving problems related to, for example, constraint solving, symbolic execution, search heuristics and execution trace extraction. In this article we describe the design of OpenSAW, a more flexible general-purpose white-box fuzzing framework intended to encourage research on new techniques identifying security problems. In addition, we have formalized two unaddressed technical aspects and devised new algorithms for these. The first relates to generalizing and combining different program exploration strategies, and the second relates to prioritizing execution traces. We have evaluated OpenSAW using both in-house and external programs and identified several bugs.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Demiroglu, Osman Cenk, et al.
(författare)
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The last resort? : Ski tourism and climate change in Arctic Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Tourism Futures. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2055-5911 .- 2055-592X. ; 6:1, s. 91-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the external and internal factors that support or challenge a possible transformation of Arctic Sweden into a major ski destination under a changing climate.Design/methodology/approach – The paper questions future availability of the physical and the human factors that foster ski tourism development in Arctic Sweden and suggests a comparative case study in relation to the already existing large resort-based ski destinations in Arctic Finland.Findings – Preliminary documentary analysis shows that the governmental and the industrial discourses over the past decade have acknowledged a competitive edge for Sweden and its northernmost regions in particular and may even propose a structural shift for ski tourism in the near future agenda. The visualisations based on natural snow projections presented in this paper confirm this comparative advantage but other technical and socioeconomic development factors are further discussed, in relation to Arctic Finland.Research limitations/implications – Future research agenda is suggested to cover, first, assessment of natural and technical snow reliability of existing and all potential ski areas in Sweden and within its competitive set extending to all the Nordics and the Alps, then, incorporation of adaptive capacities of the suppliers but especially the likely substitution tendencies of the consumers, and finally, evaluation of the overall situation in terms of the regional development needs.Social implications – It is apparent that land use conflicts will arise in case of large ski resort-based destination development in Arctic Sweden, especially around the environmentally protected areas, which are not only already important attractions for nature-based tourism but also traditional livelihoods for the Sami.Originality/value – This is the first paper to discuss a potential regional and structural shift of ski tourism in Sweden.
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| 25. |
- Evans, Alistair R., et al.
(författare)
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The maximum rate of mammal evolution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:11, s. 4187-4190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How fast can a mammal evolve from the size of a mouse to the size of an elephant? Achieving such a large transformation calls for major biological reorganization. Thus, the speed at which this occurs has important implications for extensive faunal changes, including adaptive radiations and recovery from mass extinctions. To quantify the pace of large-scale evolution we developed a metric, clade maximum rate, which represents the maximum evolutionary rate of a trait within a clade. We applied this metric to body mass evolution in mammals over the last 70 million years, during which multiple large evolutionary transitions occurred in oceans and on continents and islands. Our computations suggest that it took a minimum of 1.6, 5.1, and 10 million generations for terrestrial mammal mass to increase 100-, and 1,000-, and 5,000-fold, respectively. Values for whales were down to half the length (i.e., 1.1, 3, and 5 million generations), perhaps due to the reduced mechanical constraints of living in an aquatic environment. When differences in generation time are considered, we find an exponential increase in maximum mammal body mass during the 35 million years following the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event. Our results also indicate a basic asymmetry in macroevolution: very large decreases (such as extreme insular dwarfism) can happen at more than 10 times the rate of increases. Our findings allow more rigorous comparisons of microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns and processes.
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| 26. |
- Fortelius, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The Origin and Early History of NOW as It Happened
- 2023
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Ingår i: Evolution of Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas and Ecosystems: 25 years of the NOW database of fossil mammals.. - : Springer. ; , s. 7-32
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The NOW database of fossil mammals came to be through a confluence of several initiatives spanning multiple decades. The first public version of NOW database was released in 1996 and the first Advisory Board was established the year after. Originally, NOW stood for Neogene of the Old World but with the gradual expansion of the database the acronym was eventually reassigned to stand for New and Old Worlds. The structure of what would become NOW was originally cloned from the ETE database of the Smithsonian Institution and the first NOW version accessible over the internet was a node of the ETE database. The first standalone, online version of NOW was launched in 2005 and the first formal steering group was established in 2009. During its existence, NOW has been funded, directly or indirectly, by several organizations but fundamentally it has always been an unfunded community effort, dependent on voluntary work by the participants.
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| 27. |
- Giuliani, G., et al.
(författare)
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Round-Robin Measurements of Linewidth Enhancement Factor of Semiconductor Lasers in COST 288 Action
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007 and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. CLEOE-IQEC 2007. European Conference on. - 1424409306 - 9781424409303 ; , s. 4385967-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Round-robin measurements on the linewidth enhancement factor are carried out in many laboratories participating to EU COST 288 Action. Up to 7 different techniques are applied to DFB, VCSELs, QCL, and QD lasers, and results are compared.
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| 28. |
- Gogova, D., et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the structural and optical properties of free-standing GaN grown by HVPE
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : IOP Publishing. - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 38:14, s. 2332-2337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of the high-growth rate hydride vapour phase epitaxy technique and laser lift-off for the fabrication of free-standing GaN substrates is explored. Structural and optical properties of 300 νm thick free-standing GaN have been investigated employing different analytical techniques. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements prove good crystalline quality of the material grown. A comparatively low value of (3 ± 1) × 1016 cm-3 of Ga vacancy-related defects is inferred from positron annihilation spectroscopy data. Complete strain relaxation is observed on the Ga-polar face of the free-standing GaN by XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The strain-free homoepitaxy will significantly reduce the defect density, and thus an improvement of the device performance and lifetime can be realized. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Gogova, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Optical and structural characteristics of virtually unstrained bulk-like GaN
- 2004
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Ingår i: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. - 0021-4922 .- 1347-4065. ; 43:4A, s. 1264-1268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bulk-like GaN with high structural and optical quality has been attained by hydride vapor-phase exitapy (HVPE). The as-grown 330 mum-thick GaN layer was separated from the sapphire substrate by a laser-induced lift-off process. The full width at half maximum values of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) omega-scans of the free-standing material are 96 and 129 arcsec for the (1 0 -1 4) and (0 0 0 2) reflection, respectively, which rank among the smallest values published so far for free-standing HVPE-GaN. The dislocation density determined by plan-view TEM images is 1-2 x 10(7) cm(-2). Positron annihilation spectroscopy studies show that the concentration of Ga vacancy related defects is about 1.5 x 10(16) cm(-3). The high-resolution XRD, photoluminescence, mu-Raman, and infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements consistently prove that the free-standing material is of high crystalline quality and virtually strain-free. Therefore it is suitable to serve as a substrate for stress-free growth of high-quality III-nitrides based device heterostructures.
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| 30. |
- Gogova, Daniela, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Strain-free bulk-like GaN grown by hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy on two-step epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN template
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 96:1, s. 799-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crack-free bulk-like GaN with high crystalline quality has been obtained by hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy (HVPE) growth on a two-step epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN template on sapphire. During the cooling down stage, the as-grown 270-μm-thick GaN layer was self-separated from the sapphire substrate. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy images show the dislocation density of the free-standing HVPE-GaN to be ∼2.5×107 cm−2 on the Ga-polar face. A low Ga vacancy related defect concentration of about 8×1015 cm−3 is extracted from positron annihilation spectroscopy data. The residual stress and the crystalline quality of the material are studied by two complementary techniques. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra show the main neutral donor bound exciton line to be composed of a doublet structure at 3.4715 (3.4712) eV and 3.4721 (3.4718) eV for the Ga- (N-) polar face with the higher-energy component dominating. These line positions suggest virtually strain-free material on both surfaces with high crystalline quality as indicated by the small full width at half maximum values of the donor bound exciton lines. The E1(TO) phonon mode position measured at 558.52 cm−1 (Ga face) by infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry confirms the small residual stress in the material, which is hence well suited to act as a lattice-constant and thermal-expansion-coefficient matched substrate for further homoepitaxy, as needed for high-quality III-nitride device applications. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Haahtela, T, et al.
(författare)
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A short history from Karelia study to biodiversity and public health interventions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in allergy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-6101. ; 4, s. 1152927-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes immune balance and protects against allergies and inflammatory disorders. In Finland, the allergy & asthma epidemic became slowly visible in mid 1960s. After the World War II, Karelia was split into Finnish and Soviet Union (now Russia) territories. This led to more marked environmental and lifestyle changes in the Finnish compared with Russian Karelia.The Karelia Allergy Study 2002–2022showed that allergic conditions were much more common on the Finnish side. The Russians had richer gene-microbe network and interaction than the Finns, which associated with better balanced immune regulatory circuits and lower allergy prevalence. In the Finnish adolescents, a biodiverse natural environment around the homes associated with lower occurrence of allergies. Overall, the plausible explanation of the allergy disparity was the prominent change in environment and lifestyle in the Finnish Karelia from 1940s to 1980s. The nationwideFinnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018implemented the biodiversity hypothesis into practice by endorsing immune tolerance, nature contacts, and allergy health with favorable results. A regional health and environment programme,Nature Step to Health 2022–2032, has been initiated in the City of Lahti, EU Green Capital 2021. The programme integrates prevention of chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes, obesity, depression), nature loss, and climate crisis in the spirit ofPlanetary Health. Allergic diseases exemplify inappropriate immunological responses to natural environment. Successful management of the epidemics of allergy and other non-communicable diseases may pave the way to improve human and environmental health.
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| 33. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Denying bogus skepticism in climate change and tourism research.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 352-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This final response to the two climate change denial papers by Shani and Arad further highlights the inaccuracies, misinformation and errors in their commentaries. The obfuscation of scientific research and the consensus on anthropogenic climate change may have significant long-term negative consequences for better understanding the implications of climate change and climate policy for tourism and create confusion and delay in developing and implementing tourism sector responses.
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| 34. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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No time for smokescreen skepticism : A rejoinder to Shani and Arad
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 47, s. 341-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shani and Arad (2014) claimed that tourism scholars tend to endorse the most pessimistic assessments regarding climate change, and that anthropogenic climate change was a "fashionable" and "highly controversial scientific topic". This brief rejoinder provides the balance that is missing from such climate change denial and skepticism studies on climate change and tourism. Recent research provides substantial evidence that reports on anthropogenic climate change are accurate, and that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, including from the tourism industry, play a significant role in climate change. Some positive net effects may be experienced by some destinations in the short-term, but in the long-term all elements of the tourism system will be impacted. The expansion of tourism emissions at a rate greater than efficiency gains means that it is increasingly urgent that the tourism sector acknowledge, accept and respond to climate change. Debate on tourism-related adaptation and mitigation measures is to be encouraged and welcomed. Climate change denial is not.
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| 35. |
- Hall, C. Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Tourism : Issues and Cases
- 2009
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism is a major industry in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) as well as a growing field of academic study. For many cities and regions tourism is also increasingly recognised as being integral to economic, social and sustainable development. In addition, tourism also contributes to Nordic identity through destination promotion and tourism activities, including winter tourism and the tradition of access to common land, as well as specific forms of tourism, such as second homes.This book is the first comprehensive and accessible introduction to tourism in the region that links Nordic tourism research and concerns with key concept in tourism studies. The book consists of eleven chapters dealing with issues ranging from marketing and policy to nature-based tourism, culture and the contribution of tourism to environmental change. The inclusion of case studies from leading Nordic researchers on specific destinations, attractions, resources, sectors and developments also provide a valuable learning tool for all students of tourism.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Heinosalo, T., et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of Human Estrogen Biosynthetic Enzyme Hydroxysteroid (17beta) Dehydrogenase Type 1 Induces Adenomyosis-like Phenotype in Transgenic Mice
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) is an enzyme that converts estrone to estradiol, while adenomyosis is an estrogen-dependent disease with poorly understood pathophysiology. In the present study, we show that mice universally over-expressing human estrogen biosynthetic enzyme HSD17B1 (HSD17B1TG mice) present with adenomyosis phenotype, characterized by histological and molecular evaluation. The first adenomyotic changes with endometrial glands partially or fully infiltrated into the myometrium appeared at the age of 5.5 months in HSD17B1TG females and became more prominent with increasing age. Preceding the phenotype, increased myometrial smooth muscle actin positivity and increased amount of glandular myofibroblast cells were observed in HSD17B1TG uteri. This was accompanied by transcriptomic upregulation of inflammatory and estrogen signaling pathways. Further, the genes upregulated in the HSD17B1TG uterus were enriched with genes previously observed to be induced in the human adenomyotic uterus, including several genes of the NFKB pathway. A 6-week-long HSD17B1 inhibitor treatment reduced the occurrence of the adenomyotic changes by 5-fold, whereas no effect was observed in the vehicle-treated HSD17B1TG mice, suggesting that estrogen is the main upstream regulator of adenomyosis-induced uterine signaling pathways. HSD17B1 is considered as a promising drug target to inhibit estrogen-dependent growth of endometrial disorders. The present data indicate that HSD17B1 over-expression in TG mice results in adenomyotic changes reversed by HSD17B1 inhibitor treatment and HSD17B1 is, thus, a potential novel drug target for adenomyosis.
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| 39. |
- Heiskanen, Annamari, et al.
(författare)
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N-glycolylneuraminic acid xenoantigen contamination of human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells is substantially reversible.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1066-5099 .- 1549-4918. ; 25:1, s. 197-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell therapies may offer significant benefit to a large number of patients. Recently, however, human embryonic stem cell lines cultured on mouse feeder cells were reported to be contaminated by the xeno-carbohydrate N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and considered potentially unfit for human therapy. To determine the extent of the problem of Neu5Gc contamination for the development of stem cell therapies, we investigated whether it also occurs in cells cultured on human feeder cells and in mesenchymal stem cells, what are the sources of contamination, and whether the contamination is reversible. We found that N-glycolylneuraminic acid was present in embryonic stem cells cultured on human feeder cells, correlating with the presence of Neu5Gc in components of the commercial serum replacement culture medium. Similar contamination occurred in mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum. The results suggest that the Neu5Gc is present in both glycoprotein and lipid-linked glycans, as detected by mass spectrometric analysis and monoclonal antibody staining, respectively. Significantly, the contamination was largely reversible in the progeny of both cell types, suggesting that decontaminated cells may be derived from existing stem cell lines. Although major complications have not been reported in the clinical trials with mesenchymal stem cells exposed to fetal bovine serum, the immunogenic contamination may potentially be reflected in the viability and efficacy of the transplanted cells and thus bias the published results. Definition of safe culture conditions for stem cells is essential for future development of cellular therapies.
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| 40. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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| 41. |
- Janson, Martin S., et al.
(författare)
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Vacancy-related defect distributions in B-11-, N-14-, and Al-27-implanted 4H-SiC : Role of channeling
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 95:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The defect distributions in B-11-, N-14-, and Al-27-implanted epitaxial 4H-SiC are studied using monoenergetic positron beams. At least three types of defects are needed to account for the Doppler broadening annihilation spectra and two of the defects are tentatively identified as V-Si, and VSiVC. By comparing the defect profiles extracted from the annihilation spectra to the chemical profiles determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, and to the primary defect profiles obtained from binary collision approximation simulations, it is concluded that the defects found at depths considerably deeper than the projected range of the implanted ions mainly originate from deeply channeled ions.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Linko, R, et al.
(författare)
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Corticosteroid therapy in intensive care unit patients with PCR-confirmed influenza A(H1N1) infection in Finland
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:8, s. 971-979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the incidence, treatment, and outcome of influenza A(H1N1) in Finnish intensive care units (ICUs) with special reference to corticosteroid treatment.METHODS:During the H1N1 outbreak in Finland between 11 October and 31 December 2009, we prospectively evaluated all consecutive ICU patients with high suspicion of or confirmed pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection. We assessed severity of acute disease and daily organ dysfunction. Ventilatory support and other concomitant treatments were evaluated and recorded daily throughout the ICU stay. The primary outcome was hospital mortality.RESULTS:During the 3-month period altogether 132 ICU patients were tested polymerase chain reaction-positive for influenza A(H1N1). Of these patients, 78% needed non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support. The median (interquartile) length of ICU stay was 4 [2-12] days. Hospital mortality was 10 of 132 [8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3-12%]. Corticosteroids were administered to 72 (55%) patients, but rescue therapies except prone positioning were infrequently used. Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in patients with and without corticosteroid treatment were 31 [24-36] and 6 [2-8] vs. 22 [5-30] and 3 [2-6], respectively. The crude hospital mortality was not different in patients with corticosteroid treatment compared to those without: 8 of 72 (11%, 95% CI 4-19%) vs. 2 of 60 (3%, 95% CI 0-8%) (P = 0.11).CONCLUSIONS:The majority of H1N1 patients in ICUs received ventilatory support. Corticosteroids were administered to more than half of the patients. Despite being more severely ill, patients given corticosteroids had comparable hospital outcome with patients not given corticosteroids.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Martinez-Majander, N., et al.
(författare)
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Rivaroxaban versus aspirin for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke in patients with cancer: a subgroup analysis of the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 27:5, s. 841-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose Cancer is a frequent finding in ischaemic stroke patients. The frequency of cancer amongst participants in the NAVIGATE ESUS randomized trial and the distribution of outcome events during treatment with aspirin and rivaroxaban were investigated. Methods Trial participation required a recent embolic stroke of undetermined source. Patients' history of cancer was recorded at the time of study entry. During a mean follow-up of 11 months, the effects of aspirin and rivaroxaban treatment on recurrent ischaemic stroke, major bleeding and all-cause mortality were compared between patients with cancer and patients without cancer. Results Amongst 7213 randomized patients, 543 (7.5%) had cancer. Of all patients, 3609 were randomized to rivaroxaban [254 (7.0%) with cancer] and 3604 patients to aspirin [289 (8.0%) with cancer]. The annual rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 4.5% in non-cancer patients in the rivaroxaban arm and 4.6% in the aspirin arm [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.24]. In cancer patients, the rate of recurrent ischaemic stroke was 7.7% in the rivaroxaban arm and 5.4% in the aspirin arm (HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.71-2.87). Amongst cancer patients, the annual rate of major bleeds was non-significantly higher for rivaroxaban than aspirin (2.9% vs. 1.1%; HR 2.57, 95% CI 0.67-9.96; P for interaction 0.95). All-cause mortality was similar in both groups. Conclusions Our exploratory analyses show that patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source and a history of cancer had similar rates of recurrent ischaemic strokes and all-cause mortality during aspirin and rivaroxaban treatments and that aspirin appeared safer than rivaroxaban in cancer patients regarding major bleeds. (NCT02313909).
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| 46. |
- Monemar, Bo, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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Dominant shallow acceptor related to oxygen and hydrogen in GaN
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 376-377, s. 440-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present new photoluminescence (PL) data of deliberately O-doped and Mg-doped GaN layers grown by MOCVD. The combination of these data with positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and SIMS results obtained on the same samples shows a clear correlation of the PL intensity of the acceptor related emissions at 3.466 and 3.27 eV (at 2 K) with O doping. The acceptor is stable upon annealing in N-2 in our highly resistive samples, while it is known be unstable in p-GaN. Our tentative conclusion is that this very commonly occurring acceptor is either a V-Ga-O-H complex or a second configuration of the Mg acceptor containing H.
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| 47. |
- Monemar, Bo, 1942-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen related shallow acceptor in GaN
- 2005
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Ingår i: MRS Fall Meeting,2004. - : Materials Research Society. ; , s. E5.10.11-E5.10.11
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Tourism in Times of Change : Dimensions of Urban Tourism
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tourism has grown in many Arctic peripheries of northern Europe and North America in recent years, particularly among international markets interested in northern winter experiences and unique Arctic nature and culture-based assets. This recent growth has been facilitated by a combination of factors tied to globalization, climate change, and an increasing “Arctification” of northern tourism that has generated particular imaginations and representations of the North among consumers as well as industry and political stakeholders. In this context urban places have remained relatively neglected in both academic and policy discourses connected to Arctic tourism, with much of the research and public attention focusing on remote destinations and exotic attractions that typically dominate the popular promotional tourism imagery of the Arctic. This neglect is somewhat surprising considering that most tourism activity – along with its positive and negative socioeconomic impacts – seems to concentrate in and around the larger urban centers.This report is the second one developed as part of the project Partnership for Sustainability: Arctic Tourism in Times of Change (funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers Arctic Co-operation Programme 2018–2020). The report brings together expertise and case studies from several Arctic and northern peripheries in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, and Canada to illustrate the diversity of urban Arctic tourism dimensions and to identify important implications for sustainable local and/or regional tourism development across the North.The case studies indicate that the dimensions of urban tourism in the Arctic are plentiful. As urban places in the Arctic are not primarily tourism resort towns, tourism happens in the context of other economic and societal activities. Hence, urban places in the Arctic serve a regional demand for urbanity and urban services within leisure and entertainment and they serve as destinations for domestic and international markets looking for more typical northern products such as winter experiences or northern lights. In this context, the Arctic dimensions of urban tourism in northern cities are not always self-evident and tourism has not always developed in relation to the northern culture of these places.Considering these insights, there is certainly not only one way forward for urban tourism in the Arctic. However, in a global competition for capital, companies, and people, urban places seem to be increasingly using tourism as a way to boost local economies and reimage their places in order to achieve individual, local, regional, and national development goals. In this context, the “Arctic” becomes a context to play with and an ingredient that on a global market is currently loaded with positive value.
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| 49. |
- Paananen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between cellulose and xylan : An atomic force microscope and quartz crystal microbalance study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hemicellulose. - 0841238421 ; , s. 269-290
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atomic force microscope (AFM) colloidal probe technique has been used to investigate forces between cellulose beads as well as cellulose beads and mica in aqueous solution, and the interaction between cellulose surfaces in xylan solutions. Several observations of the behaviour of the cellulose beads were made. Swelling of the beads in aqueous solutions is rather slow. Thus, it is important to let the beads equilibrate before measurements. The beads are somewhat compressed when forced together to constant compliance, but relax back to their original shape in a few minutes. A long-range electrostatic repulsion between cellulose and mica occurs on approach. The xylan concentration in solution affects the forces between two cellulose surfaces. When the concentration increases from 10-100 mg/l more xylan adsorbs slowly and irreversibly on the cellulose leading to an increasingly long-range and stronger repulsion between the surfaces on approach. Adhesion between the layers is very low and seems to be due to entanglement of polymer chains. Studies of the adsorption of xylan (100 mg/l) on cellulose films with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) verify that a thick, water-swollen layer of xylan is formed by slow adsorption. It has been proposed that adsorbed xylan on fibre surfaces increases paper strength. We conclude that this must be associated with the behaviour of the adsorbed layers of xylan on drying.
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| 50. |
- Paskova, Tanja, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of mass-transport grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 273:1-2, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive study of the morphological, optical and microstructural properties of mass-transport (MT) and conventionally grown GaN by hydride vapour-phase epitaxy is presented. Spatially resolved techniques have been utilized to reveal in a comparative way, the characteristics of the material grown either in predominant vertical or lateral growth modes. A strong donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission is observed from the MT regions with a distinctive intensity contrast between the exciton and DAP emission bands from MT and nontransport regions. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and imaging were employed to investigate the impurity incorporation into different regions. An increase of residual oxygen and aluminium impurity concentrations was found in the MT areas. In addition, positron annihilation spectroscopy showed a strong signal of Ga vacancy clusters in the MT grown material. The increase of the point defect concentrations of both Ga vacancy and oxygen impurity, most likely forming defect complexes, is related to the enhancement of the DAP emission.
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