| 1. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, Professor, 1974-
(författare)
-
Randomiserade kontrollerade studier av interventionsprogram för elever med tidiga läs- och matematiksvårigheter
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2023. - : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789189845107 ; , s. 15-18
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Forskningens syfte var att utveckla och utvärdera två interventioner för elever med tidiga lässvårigheter eller tidiga mattesvårigheter. Resultaten visade att bägge interventionerna hade en medelstor till stor effekt på förbättring för interventionsgrupperna direkt efter interventionerna. Ett år efter interventionerna hade de flesta av de positiva effekterna minskat till ungefär hälften.
|
|
| 2. |
- Elwér, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
A Retrospective Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Language Skills in Poor Reading Comprehension
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fifty-six specific poor reading comprehenders (SPRC) were selected in grade 4 and retrospectively compared to good comprehenders at preschool age 5 and at the end of kindergarten, grade 1 and 2. The results showed a widespread language-deficit profile in children with SPRC, including deficits in vocabulary, grammar, verbal memory and early phonological awareness in a large part of the sample beginning in preschool. The reading comprehension deficits in children with SPRC were not as apparent in earlier assessments at grade 1 and 2, likely because of the greater dependence on word decoding in reading comprehension in the early grades.
|
|
| 3. |
- Elwér, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
A retrospective longitudinal study of cognitive and language skills in poor reading comprehension
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley: 24 months. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 56:2, s. 157-166
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifty-six specific poor reading comprehenders (SPRC) were selected in Grade 4 and retrospectively compared to good comprehenders at preschool (age 5) and at the end of kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. The results revealed deficits in vocabulary, grammar, verbal memory and early deficits in phonological awareness in most of the SPRC sample, beginning in preschool. The reading comprehension deficits in children with SPRC were not as marked in earlier assessments in Grade 1 and 2, probably because of the greater dependence on word decoding in reading comprehension in the early grades.
|
|
| 4. |
- Elwér, Åsa
(författare)
-
Early Predictors of Reading Comprehension Difficulties
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to examine the cognitive and language profile in children with poor reading comprehension using a longitudinal perspective. Even though comprehension skills are closely connected to educational success, comprehension deficits in children have been neglected in reading research. Understanding factors underlying reading is important as it improves possibilities of early identification of children at risk of developing reading problems. In addition, targeted interventions may prevent or reduce future problems. Descriptions of the cognitive and language profile in children with different types of reading problems from an early age and over time is an important first step.The three studies included in this thesis have been conducted using data from the International Longitudinal Twin Study (ILTS). In the ILTS, parallel data have been collected in the US, Australia, Sweden and Norway. Altogether, more than 1000 twin pairs have been examined between the ages 5 and 15 years using well known predictors of reading, along with decoding, spelling, reading comprehension and oral language measures.In the three studies, the Simple View of Reading has been used as a theoretical framework and children who exhibited different kinds of comprehension related difficulties have been identified at different ages. The studies include both retrospective and prospective analyses. The results across studies indicated a robust oral language deficit in all subtypes displaying comprehension problems. The oral language deficit was widespread and included vocabulary, grammar and verbal memory. In addition, the oral language deficit was manifested as compromised phonological awareness and print knowledge prior to reading instruction. Reading comprehension deficits were late emerging across studies in children with comprehension difficulties.
|
|
| 5. |
- Elwér, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Pattern of Preschool Prediction of Reading Comprehension Impairment : A 10 Year Longitudinal Study
- 2014
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compromised reading comprehension will invariably influence future academic achievements. In reading research there has been an emphasis on early identification of poor decoders to reduce future difficulties. Only a few studies have examined preschool prediction of reading comprehension impairments beyond the first grades of school, and these studies have presented different patterns of results. As studies have mostly been conducted in English; it is unclear how the results generalize to languages with transparent orthographies. In this study, a Swedish and a Norwegian twin sample were used to predict reading comprehension and decoding impairments in grade 2, 4 and 8/9 from preschool. The results suggested an important role for RAN and verbal memory. Compromised RAN was consistently associated with the poor decoders, as well as in identifying poor reading comprehenders in grade 8/9. Verbal memory tasks at preschool contributed to the identification of children with reading comprehension impairment across grades.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Gustafson, Stefan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Intelligence and dyslexia : Implications for diagnosis and intervention
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 40:2, s. 127-134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we critically examine theoretical issues and practical consequences of including IQ in the definition of dyslexia. According to the discrepancy criterion individuals are classified as dyslexic if their reading skills are below what would be expected from their IQ scores. However, we argue that intelligence is a fuzzy concept and that there is no clear causal relationship between intelligence level and word decoding skills. Also, high and low IQ poor readers show the same reading performance patterns, indicating that both groups might benefit from the same remedial activities. Evidence for the critical role of phonological skills in dyslexia is presented and a more recent definition of dyslexia is discussed in relation to these findings. Finally, two alternative, more outcome-based classifications of poor readers are suggested and some critical consequences for individual interventions are outlined.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Gustafson, Stefan, 1968-
(författare)
-
Varieties of reading disability : Phonological and orthographic word decoding deficits and implications for interventions
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis was to examine variations in the word decoding skills of reading disabled children. These variations were related to possible cognitive, developmental, and environmental causes of reading disability. Possible implications for educational interventions were also analysed. The thesis critically examines the inclusion of the concept of intelligence in the definition of developmental dyslexia. It is suggested that variations in word decoding skills should offer a more solid basis for a study of varieties of reading disability. The empirical studies showed that a) in young children there was a shift from phonological to orthographic word decoding; b) phonological type children (weak in phonological decoding) were characterised by specific phonological deficits; c) surface type children (weak in orthographic decoding) showed more global cognitive deficits suggesting a general developmental delay; d) surface type children showed impaired visual implicit memory for words, which might be associated with limited print exposure; e) an improvement in phonological awareness only transferred to an improved text reading ability for some reading disabled children; f) children who did not benefit from a phonological intervention seemed to rely on orthographic word decoding in text reading. Thus, the thesis suggests that variations in phonological and orthographic word decoding skills offer a useful basis for the study of varieties of reading disability and that educational interventions should pay regard to what the child is already attempting to do when reading.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Gustafson, Stefan, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Why Do Some Resist Phonological Intervention? : A Swedish longitudinal study of poor readers in Grade 4
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routhledge, Taylor & Francis Group. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 44:2, s. 145 -162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n a longitudinal intervention study, 33 Swedish poor readers in Grade 4 received phonological awareness instruction over 1 year. Three control groups were included in the study: Grade 4 controls, Grade 2 controls (both comparable in reading skill) and normal readers. The results showed that the phonological training group made the most progress in phonological awareness but did not improve their reading skills any more than the controls. However, a re-analysis of the results revealed important individual differences within the phonological training group. Some children improved their reading ability considerably, while others seemed resistant to the intervention. One critical difference between improved and resistant readers was identified. For the improved readers, both orthographic and phonological word decoding predicted text reading performance. For the resistant readers, only orthographic decoding skills predicted text reading before, during and after the intervention, in spite of a steady increase in phonological awareness.
|
|
| 12. |
- Kempe, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
-
A longitudinal study of early reading difficulties and subsequent problem behaviors
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:3, s. 242-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally believed that early academic failure in school develops into a downward spiral of negative motivational and behavioral consequences. In this study, children with reading difficulties were compared with typical readers on questionnaires measuring ADHD symptoms and other behavior problems such as withdrawn symptoms, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, social problems, and aggression. The results revealed that reading difficulties and problem behaviors appear more independent of each other rather than problem behaviors being a consequence of reading failure. In addition, gender differenceswere negligible when examining the relationship between reading difficulties and subsequent problem behavior. Some implications for special educationand intervention are suggested.
|
|
| 13. |
- Lindström-Sandahl, Hanna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized controlled study of a second grade numeracy intervention with Swedish students at‐risk of mathematics difficulties
- 2024
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0007-0998 .- 2044-8279.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early numeracy interventions including basicarithmetic are crucial for young students at risk for earlymathematics difficulties (MDs), yet few studies have evalu-ated numeracy interventions in second grade with a rand-omized controlled design.Aim: This pre- and post-test randomized controlled studyevaluated the effects of an intensive 9-week numeracy andarithmetic programme for second-grade students at risk forearly MDs. The focus of the programme was students’ foun-dational understanding of numbers and mathematical con-cepts and procedural fluency with arithmetic tasks.Sample: A total of 753 first-grade students from 21 schoolsin Sweden were screened for low achievement in numberknowledge and arithmetic.Methods: Students considered at risk for MDs (≤25 per-centile on two consecutive first-grade mathematics screen-ings) were individually randomized to an intervention group(n = 32) or control group (n = 30) at the beginning of secondgrade (7–8 years old). Trained teachers administered theone-to-one, explicit programme to intervention group stu-dents in elementary school settings. The intervention groupreceived numeracy instruction emphasizing foundationalmathematics concepts and procedures. Controls receivedteaching as usual with potential special education supportprovided by their schools.Results: The intervention group demonstrated significantlygreater improvements in conceptual knowledge, arithmeticcalculations and problem-solving compared to the controlgroup, with medium size effects observed.
|
|
| 14. |
- Lindström-Sandahl, Hanna, 1979-
(författare)
-
Early Elementary School Interventions in Reading and Mathematics
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Supplemental special education support in reading and mathematics is essential for some children who struggle to learn basic reading or mathematics skills in their first years of schooling. Previous research shows that supplemental phonics and early numeracy and arithmetic instruction help students at risk for reading or mathematics difficulties. Few intervention studies have been conducted in the Swedish elementary school context evaluating the effectiveness of early reading and mathematics instruction, limiting evidence-based practices guiding special education in Sweden. This thesis aimed to develop and test the impact of two intensive instructional programs on word reading and reading comprehension skills and number knowledge, arithmetic and problem solving. Transfer-effects of training across the reading and mathematics domains and the long-term impact of the programs were also investigated. The study enrolled 753 first grade students who were screened for low performance (≤25th percentile) in decoding, spelling, number knowledge and arithmetic. To evaluate how the impact of the interventions differ from regular school instruction, students were randomized to intervention and control groups and pre-tested with extended assessment of reading and mathematics skills (n=32 vs. 30 in mathematics, n=34 vs. 34 in reading). Both interventions were implemented at the start of second grade. The intervention programs spanned 36 lessons of supplemental explicit, one-to-one instruction with a special education teacher. Control group students received support planned by their schools. The results were evaluated at post-test and followed-up after 1 year. Both programs indicated significant intervention effects at post-test compared with controls with the reading intervention showing medium impact on decoding and reading comprehension and a strong effect on word recognition. The mathematics intervention program displayed significant moderate impact on number knowledge, arithmetic and basic problem solving. For both interventions, these effects declined at follow-up one year later. In addition, no transfer across reading and mathematics interventions were found. A main conclusion drawn from these randomized controlled studies is that students’ performance in basic reading and mathematics can be substantially accelerated by a time-limited and intense effort, adding to the evidence-base of explicit phonics and early numeracy and arithmetic intervention as recommended practices also in a Swedish school context. As many previous studies have shown, intervention gains tend to fade over time. The longevity of intensive intervention impacts should be considered in post-intervention efforts to support learning. Alignment between supplemental programs and general classroom instruction is suggested.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Samuelsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
The Development of Word-decoding Skills in Young Readers
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 40:4, s. 325-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the research on the acquisition of word-decoding skills has almost exclusively focused on the ability to read words in isolation. The purpose of this article is to extend our knowledge to the independent role of phonological and orthographic word-decoding skills in the reading tasks which children encounter in school. The data were quite consistent with the general core of models suggesting that children first become proficient in phonological decoding then gradually shift towards a more direct orthographic-decoding strategy. As such, these findings have helped to generalize models of the acquisition of word-decoding skills to reading comprehension.
|
|
| 19. |
- Samuelsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual and auditory priming in Swedish poor readers : a double dissociation
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Dyslexia. - : Wiley InterScience. - 1076-9242 .- 1099-0909. ; 4:1, s. 16-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schacter et al. (1990) found support for a functional dissociation between visual and auditory priming effects in a letter-by-letter reader. Their conclusions were based on the perceptual representation systems framework, suggesting that visual priming is mediated by a visual word form system separate from an auditory word form system responsible for auditory priming. This article focuses on visual and auditory priming effects exhibited by poor readers with phonological or surface subtypes of reading disability. The phonological type of reading disability was defined as an impairment in phonological word decoding, whereas the surface type of reading disability was defined as an impairment in orthographic word decoding. The results demonstrated a double dissociation, such that poor readers with a surface type of reading disability produced more auditory than visual priming, whereas poor readers with a phonological type of reading disability showed more visual than auditory priming. The majority of children with reading disabilities showed weaknesses in both orthographic and phonological word decoding and, importantly, low levels of priming effects for both visually and auditorily presented materials. Finally, age-matched normal readers showed significant priming effects for both visual and auditory presented words. These findings support the assumption that both orthographic and phonological skills can be simultaneously impaired and that a dual-route model for the acquisition of word decoding skills might be the most appropriate framework to describe different subtypes of reading disabilities.
|
|
| 20. |
- Villarejo, Arsenio, et al.
(författare)
-
Evidence for a protein transported through the secretory pathway en route to the higher plant chloroplast
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Nature Cell Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-7392 .- 1476-4679. ; 7:12, s. 1224-1231
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In contrast to animal and fungal cells, green plant cells contain one or multiple chloroplasts, the organelle(s) in which photosynthetic reactions take place. Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from an endosymbiotic event and contain DNA that codes for some of their proteins. Most chloroplast proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and imported with the help of sorting signals that are intrinsic parts of the polypeptides. Here, we show that a chloroplast-located protein in higher plants takes an alternative route through the secretory pathway, and becomes N-glycosylated before entering the chloroplast.
|
|
| 21. |
- Adestam, Johan, 1982-
(författare)
-
Den dokumentvillkorade garantin
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den dokumentvillkorade garantin, som i praktiken vanligen betecknas som självständig, känneteck-nas av att villkoren i utfästelsen väsentligen endast innefattar villkor som refererar till att vissa angivna dokument presenteras för garanten. Dokumentvillkorade garantier förekommer vanligtvis i avtalsstrukturer som involverar ett flertal olika avtal och parter. De typer av avtal som omfattas av sådana avtalsstrukturer ger upphov till speciella rättsliga frågor. Avhandlingen belyser ett antal sådana frågor ur ett svenskt perspektiv, genom att beskriva rättsnormers utformning och tillämpning på olika typer av fall. Särskild vikt läggs vid att upprätthålla ett språkbruk som möjliggör att detta sker på ett motsägelsefritt och rättvisande sätt.En fråga av grundläggande betydelse är hur garantier kan klassificeras på ett sätt som bidrar till att besvara nyss nämnda typ av frågor. En sådan klassifikation, baserad på garantiers innehåll, klargör vad som skiljer den dokumentvillkorade garantin från andra typer av garantier. När det gäller den rättsliga relationen mellan parterna till ett avtal i vilket det föreskrivs att den ena parten, gäldenären, ska låta ombesörja att det ställs ut en garanti till motparten, berörs i synnerhet frågan under vilka omständigheter motparten är fri att begära fullgörelse av garantin och frågan under vilka omständigheter det uppkommer en återkravsrätt för gäldenären gentemot motparten (beneficienten). I fråga om den rättsliga relationen mellan garanten och beneficienten behandlas särskilt frågorna hur man genom tolkning avgör om en garanti är dokumentvillkorad eller inte, hur dokumentvillkoren i en dokumentvillkorad garanti ska tolkas och i vilken mån det finns speciella rättsnormer tillämpliga på dokumentvillkorade garantier. Ytterligare en fråga rör tillämpningen av den tvingande regeln om rättsmissbruk, enligt vilken beneficienten saknar rätt till fullgörelse av garanten om det föreligger rättsmissbruk. Såvitt avser den rättsliga relationen mellan uppdragsgivare och uppdragstagare i uppdrag som relaterar till utfärdandet av en dokumentvillkorad garanti berörs i synnerhet frågan under vilka omständigheter en uppdragstagare har regressrätt gentemot sin uppdragsgivare. En fråga av allmän betydelse är vad som i olika avseenden krävs för att intresset av att uppdragstagare till sådana uppdrag inte ska ha incitament att undersöka svårbedömda omständigheter ska tillgodoses.
|
|
| 22. |
- Adrian Meredith, Jenny, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and synthesis of novel P2 substituents in diol-based HIV protease inhibitors
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 45:1, s. 160-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis and SAR of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing novel P2 structural elements are presented. The inhibitors were designed having hydrogen bond accepting P2 substituents to probe potential favorable interactions to Asp-29/Asp-30 of the HIV-1 protease backbone utilizing inhibitor 3 as a model template. Several inhibitors were synthesized from an L-Val methyl amide P2 motif by appending hydrogen bonding moieties from either the isopropyl side-chain or from the methyl amide portion. The most promising inhibitors 4a and 4e displayed K-i values of 1.0 nM and 0.7 nM respectively and EC50 values in the MT4 cell-based assay of 0.17 mu M and 0.33 mu M respectively, a slight loss in potency compared to lead inhibitor 3. These inhibitors were also tested against an HIV protease inhibitor resistant strain carrying the M461, V82F, and 184V mutations. Inhibitors 4a and 4e displayed a 3 and 4 fold change respectively compared with HIV wild type, whereas lead inhibitor 3 showed a higher 9 fold change. This study further demonstrate the chemical tractability of the approach where various P2 substituents can be introduced in just one chemical step from lactone 21 enabling facile modifications of the overall properties in this inhibitor class.
|
|
| 23. |
- Ahlstrand, Erik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Highly Reduced Survival in Essential Thrombocythemia and Polycythemia Vera Patients with Vascular Complications during Follow-up
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0902-4441 .- 1600-0609. ; 104:3, s. 271-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative importance of risk factors, treatments and blood counts for the occurrence of vascular complications and their impact on life expectancy in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) and Polycythemia Vera (PV).METHODS: Nested case-control study within the Swedish MPN registry. From a cohort of 922 ET patients and 763 PV patients, 71 ET and 81 PV cases with vascular complications were compared to matched controls.RESULTS: Incidence of vascular complications were 2.0 and 3.4 events per 100 patient-years in ET and PV, respectively. At diagnosis, no significant risk factor differences were observed between cases and controls in neither of the diseases. At the time of vascular event, ET complication cases did not differ significantly from controls but in PV, cases had significantly higher WBCs and were to a lesser extent treated with antithrombotic and cytoreductive therapy. Life expectancy was significantly decreased in both ET and PV cases compared to controls.CONCLUSIONS: The risk of vascular complications is high in both ET and PV and these complications have a considerable impact on life expectancy. The protective effect of antithrombotic and cytoreductive therapy for vascular complications in PV underscores the importance of avoiding undertreatment.
|
|
| 24. |
- Ainegren, Mats, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Study of Skin-Close Heat and Moisture with Different Types of Backpacks in Cycling
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The 13th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association. - Basel Switzerland : MDPI.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this project was to evaluate effects of backpacks with different design intended for use during cycling on skin-close temperature and relative humidity, oxygen uptake, heart rate and aerodynamic drag. Seven subjects took part in the study cycling on a mountain bike mounted on a “smart trainer” placed on a force plate in a wind tunnel. Three series of experiments were carried out: without backpack, with conventional backpack and with a backpack having innovative rear panel design. As hypothesized, the results showed that an innovatively designed backpack with the ducts deflecting part of the airflow towards some areas of the user’s back provided lower temperature and relative humidity for the microclimate compared to a conventional backpack without airflow channels. Further, reference tests without any backpack resulted in the lowest temperature and humidity. However, no differences were found between the three tests for oxygen uptake, heart rate and aerodynamic drag.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Alterman, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
-
P1/P1' modified HIV protease inhibitors as tools in two new sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor screening assays
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 13:2, s. 203-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The commonly used HIV-1 protease assays rely on measurements of the effect of inhibitions on the hydrolysis rate of synthetic peptides. Recently an assay based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was introduced. We have taken advantage of the fact that the SPR signal is proportional to the mass of the analyte interacting with the immobilised molecule and developed two new improved efficient competition assay methods. Thus, high molecular weight binders were used as amplifiers of the surface plasmon resonance signal. Linkers were attached by a Heck reaction to the para-positions of the P1/P1′ benzyloxy groups of a linear C2-symmetric C-terminal duplicated inhibitor to enable (a) biotin labelling or (b) direct immobilisation of the inhibitor to the biosensor surface matrix. The interaction properties of a series of 17 structurally diverse inhibitors was assessed and compared to previously reported data. The most sensitive assay was obtained by immobilising the enzyme and amplifying the signal with an antibody, giving a detection range between 0.1 nM and 10 μM. Immobilisation of the inhibitor resulted in a stable and durable surface but a narrower detection range (1–100 nM). The two competition assays are anticipated to be very suitable for fast screening of potential HIV inhibitors.
|
|
| 27. |
- Anderson, Karen, et al.
(författare)
-
Projektet God Informationsförvaltning
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är den första publikationen i skriftserien Arkiv- och informationsvetenskap vid Mittuniversitetet producerad av Centrum för digital informationsförvaltning (CEDIF) vid Avdelningen för Arkiv- och Datavetenskap (ADV), Mittuniversitetet. Rapporten redovisar delar av det projektarbete som genomförts under namnet GoInfo (God Informationsförvaltning), under åren 2012-2015 med medel från Länsstyrelsen Västernorrland, Mittuniversitetet, Härnösands kommun och Riksarkivet Härnösand. Skriftserien är inspirerad av den tidigare rapportserien Arkiv-och informationsvetenskap vid Mitthögskolan, som utkom med sex nummer åren 1999-2000. I förordet till det första numret skrev redaktör Torbjörn Kjölstad “Det är vår förhoppning att rapportserien skall kunna förmedla en del av arkiv- och informationsvetenskapliga verksamheten vid Mitthögskolan. Vi har naturligtvis en strävan att presentera nya resultat inom detta mycket breda forskningsområde men också – och väl så viktigt – nya problemställningar och metodiska experiment”1. Vårt mål med den aktuella serien är densamma som i den tidigare: att dela med oss och sprida resultaten av vår forskning och kunskap.Ämnet arkivkunskap och dokumenthantering startade läsåret 1988/89 som en grundkurs vid Högskolan i Sundsvall/Härnösand, som senare blev Mitthögskolan. 1997 bedömde Högskoleverket att det uppfyllde kraven för magisterutbildning och magisterexamen och samma år ändrades benämningen till arkiv- och informationsvetenskap och år 2005 blev Mitthögskolan fullvärdigt universitet - Mittuniversitetet. Sedan universitet har fått ett allt större fokus på forskning så har också vårt ämne försökt att etablera en mer uttalad forskningsplattform. Det första större projekt ”Framtidens Arkiv” kom också att utgöra startskott för en rekrytering av en professur som tillsattes 2008. I Framtidens Arkiv rekryterades också ett par doktorander Erik Borglund och Lena-Maria Öberg som i anslutning till det projektet och via projekt som Bygga Villa och SMEdoc också disputerade.2 I slutet av 2009 beviljades medel till projekt CEDIF, som fick stöd av EU Europeiska regionala utvecklingsfond, Länsstyrelsen Västernorrland, Mittuniversitetet, Härnösands kommun och Sundsvalls kommun 2009-2012. Projektet syftade till att utveckla modeller för effektiv och långsiktig förvaltning av information inom framför allt offentlig sektor men även privat näringsliv. Inom detta projekt rekryterades doktorander Maria Kallberg och Proscovia Svärd. Maria Kallberg avslutade i december 2013 sin forskarutbildning inom GoInfo med avhandlingen ’The Emperor’s New Clothes’ - Recordkeeping in a New Context3, och samtidigt vinnare av Bureanska priset vid Mittuniversitetet. 2009 doktorerade Anneli Sundqvist med avhandlingen Search Processes, User Behaviour and Archival Representational Systems4.När detta skrivs är totalt tre doktorander aktiva vid avdelningen. Inom GoInfo har Ann-Sofie Klareld varit aktiv som doktorand. Ämnet arkiv- och informationsvetenskap har växt och mognat sedan starten 1988-1989. Utbildningen på grund- och masternivå har utökats med utbildning på forskarnivå och ett forskningsprogram.Sidorna som följer innehåller summeringar och reflektioner från GoInfo. Först ut är projektledaren Göran Samuelsson, som inleder med en övergripande beskrivning. Kapitlen som följer speglar GoInfos delprojekt och forskningsresultat. Ann-Sofie Klareld har skrivit om Arkivets roll inom e-förvaltningen. Sedan får vi insikter från Ann-Sofie Klareld och Annalena Olsson, (Riksarkivet i Härnösand) om Arkivmyndighetens roll i samarbets- och utvecklingsprojekt, utifrån Riksarkivets deltagande i flera projekt, inte minst e-ARD5, sponsrat av e-Delegationen. Karen Anderson och Göran Samuelsson presenterar i kapitlet Omvärldsanalys och teoretiska utgångspunkter de influenser som påverkat vår forskning, som bland annat haft en bas i den modell för informationsförsörjning som utvecklats av Göran Samuelsson. Kapitlet innehåller även några preliminära tankar om hur vi kan använda modellen i anslutning till de mer teoretiska modeller som används inom arkivvetenskap och praktik som; livscykelmodellen, Records Continuum modellen och OAIS-modellen. I kapitlet Myndighetsnätverket och GoInfo, rapporterar Ann-Sofie Klareld om hennes aktionsforskning och utmaningen att balansera rollen som forskare med förväntningar på verksamhetsutveckling. De följande tre kapitlen presentera mer konkreta forskning- och utvecklings ansatser i den kommunala miljön med ett stort fokus på GoInfos samverkans partner Härnösands kommun. Göran Samuelsson och Stefan Berggren ger ett Förslag till modell för strategiarbete för god informationsförvaltning, med användning av några av standarderna kring verksamhetsinformation bland annat ISO/SS 30300 och Riksarkivets RA FS 2009:16.Maria Kallberg skriver om Centraliserad diariefunktion, ett projekt som hon initierade i sin roll som kommunarkivarie i Härnösands kommun och sedan fortsatte att utforska som en del av sitt doktorandprojekt. Stefan Berggren, nuvarande kommunarkivarie i Härnösands kommun, och Göran Samuelsson beskriver sedan arbetet med hantera kommunens lönedata och hur man integrerar den nuvarande digitala hanteringen med äldre pappersbaserade informationen i kapitlet Lönedatafångst. I detta arbete har man försökt att praktiskt tillämpa de framtagna de förvaltningsgemensamma specifikationer för personalsystem (FGS Personal), som togs fram under e-ARD projektet. I ett avslutande avsnitt skriver Göran Samuelsson om Bevarande av geodata, ett alltmer viktigt område eftersom ’everything happens somewhere’ och att dessa data integreras med alltfler verksamhetssystem.Vår förhoppning är att du som läsarna ska kunna dra nytta av och även hämta kunskap från vår forskning, samt inspireras och utmanas att delta och bidra till den framtida arkiv- och informationsvetenskapliga forskningen.
|
|
| 28. |
- Andreasson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The measurement of venous haematocrit in patients with polycythaemia vera.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Journal of internal medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 246:3, s. 293-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In clinical practice, patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) are monitored by measurement of venous packed cell volume (PCV). However, whereas treatment recommendations are still based upon studies in which the results were obtained with the centrifuged microhaematocrit, currently in most instances automated blood cell counters are used to calculate PCV. In a group of patients with polycythaemia we therefore compared the results obtained by the microhaematocrit method with PCV calculated by haematology analysers. DESIGN: The study was carried out on a prospective basis. Duplicate venous blood samples were collected. The centrifuged microhaemotocrit was obtained by using an IEC Micro-MB Centrifuge. Depending on different routine methods used in the participating hospitals, the blood cell counter PCV was calculated using Coulter STKS, Bayer Technicon H2 or H3. SETTING: Patients were included from four Swedish university hospitals: Akademiska (Uppsala), Huddinge and Karolinska (Stockholm) and Sahlgrenska (Göteborg). SUBJECTS: Seventy-four patients with PV and 10 patients with secondary polycythaemia were included and a total of 150 duplicate blood samples were analysed from these subjects. RESULTS: In the 150 measurements the mean blood cell counter calculated PCV was 0.448 +/- 0.037; the mean for centrifuged microhaematocrit was 0.467 +/- 0. 037 and the difference between means was highly significant (P = 6.8 x 10-25). The means for centrifuged haematocrit and calculated PCV differed significantly in the groups of PV patients treated with phlebotomy only, hydroxyurea or radiophosphorous (P < 0.0001, respectively). In PV patients treated with alpha-interferon and in patients with secondary polycythaemia the difference in means did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07 and P = 0.13, respectively). The groups of patients with MCV <80 fL and >/=80 fL both presented significant differences between means for calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit. CONCLUSIONS: If PV patients are monitored with blood cell counter calculated PCV it appears that the therapeutic goal should be to maintain the calculated PCV below 0.43, provided the local differences in calculated PCV and centrifuged haematocrit are of the same magnitude as in this study.
|
|
| 29. |
- Arnett, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
A cross-lagged model of the development of ADHD inattention symptoms and rapid naming speed
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 40:8, s. 1313-1326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous research has identified contemporaneous associations between cognitive deficits and symptom phenotypes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, no studies have as yet attempted to identify direction of effect. The present study used cross-lagged path modeling to examine competing hypotheses about longitudinal associations between rapid naming speed and symptoms of inattention in children. 1,506 school-age twins from Australia and the U.S. were tested for inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and rapid naming speed at three and four time points, respectively. Symptom severity of inattention from Kindergarten to fourth grade is consistently predicted by previous rapid naming, over and above auto-regressive and correlational associations in the model. Likewise, inattention symptoms have a small but significant predictive effect on subsequent rapid naming. The findings support a reciprocal relationship between naming speed and ADHD inattentive symptoms.
|
|
| 30. |
- Arnett, Anett, et al.
(författare)
-
The SWAN captures variance at the negative and positive ends of the ADHD Symptom dimension
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Attention Disorders. - : Sage Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 17:2, s. 152-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN) Rating Scale differs from previous parent reports of ADHD in that it was designed to also measure variability at the positive end of the symptom spectrum. Method: The psychometric properties of the SWAN were tested and compared with an established measure of ADHD, the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS). Results: The SWAN demonstrates comparable validity, reliability, and heritability to the DBRS. Furthermore, plots of the SWAN and DBRS reveal heteroscedasticity, which supports the SWAN as a preferred measure of positive attention and impulse regulation behaviors. Conclusion: The ability of the SWAN to measure additional variance at the adaptive end of the ADHD symptom dimensions makes it a promising tool for behavioral genetic studies of ADHD.
|
|
| 31. |
- Beraki, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Increase in physical activity is associated with lower HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes : results from a cross-sectional study based on the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry (SWEDIABKIDS)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - Clare, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 105:1, s. 119-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the associations between physical activity (PA) and metabolic control, measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in a large group of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from 4655 patients, comparing HbA1c values with levels of physical activity. The data for the children and adolescents were obtained from the Swedish pediatric diabetes quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS. The patients were 7-18 years of age, had type 1 diabetes and were not in remission. Patients were grouped into five groups by frequency of PA.Results: Mean HbA1c level was higher in the least physically active groups (PA0: 8.8% +/- 1.5 (72 +/- 16 mmol/mol)) than in the most physically active groups (PA4: 7.7% +/- 1.0 (60 +/- 11 mmol/mol)) (p < 0.001). An inverse dose-response association was found between PA and HbA1c (beta: -0.30, 95%CI: -0.34 to -0.26, p < 0.001). This association was found in both sexes and all age groups, apart from girls aged 7-10 years. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationship remained significant (beta: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.18, p < 0.001) when adjusted for possible confounding factors.Conclusions: Physical activity seems to influence HbA1c levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In clinical practice these patients should be recommended daily physical activity as a part of their treatment.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Björklund, Catarina, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Design and synthesis of potent and selective BACE-1 inhibitors
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society. - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 53:4, s. 1458-1464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several highly potent BACE-1 protease inhibitors have been developed from an inhibitor series containing a novel hydroxyethylene (HE) core structure displaying aryloxymethyl or benzyloxymethyl P1 side chains and a methoxy P1’ side chain. The target molecules were readily synthesized from chiral carbohydrate starting materials, furnishing the inhibitor compounds in good overall yields. The inhibitors show both high BACE-1 potency and good selectivity against cathepsin D, where the most potent inhibitor furnish a BACE-1 IC50 value of 0.32 nM and displays > 3000 fold selectivity over cathepsin D.
|
|
| 34. |
- Black-Samuelsson, S, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of nutrient stress on developmental instability in leaves of Acer platanoides (Aceraceae) and Betula pendula (Betulaceae)
- 2003
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - 0002-9122. ; 90:8, s. 1107-1112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of developmental stability can provide insights into the amount of genetic or environmental stress experienced by individuals or populations. In the present study, we used young plants of Acer platanoides (Norway maple) and Betula pendula (silver birch), two distantly related tree species with widely different leaf morphologies, to compare the expression of developmental instability in two contrasting environments: one with free access to nutrients and the other with a severely limited supply of nutrients. Using the difference in size between the right and left side of each leaf as a measure of developmental instability, we found no effect of nutrient deficiency on leaf asymmetry, despite large sample sizes (370-380 plants per species and treatment) and evidence for stress-related changes in overall leaf size and plant biomass. Moreover, there was no consistent relationship between individual leaf asymmetry and plant biomass within each nutrient treatment. In view of these observations, leaf asymmetry appears to be a poor indicator of nutrient stress in young plants of Acer platanoides and Betula pendula.
|
|
| 35. |
- Brandberg, M, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparative study of simple and interference reaction times in men and women
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Conference program The 13th Nordic Meeting in Neuropsychology Stockholm, 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: studies on reaction time (RT) indicate faster reactions for men than women. However, when comparing samples across decades, this difference seems to decrease. The aim of this study was to explore reaction times in a large contemporary sample of adult males and females (age range = 15-82). Methods: simple reaction time and interference reaction time (a go/no go reaction task) were measured with the Vienna Reaction Apparatus (Wiener Reaktionstest, Schuhfried), RT, version S1 and S2 for simple reaction time and version S3 and S4 for interference reaction time. Results Men responded faster on the interference reaction task, S3 (M=441,57, SD=80,86) than women (M=461,53, SD=91,53). This difference was significant,t(3,7) = p<0,001 and represent a small sized effect, d= .21. There were no significant differences regarding simple reaction time (S1 and S2) or on the other interference task (S4). In regards to intraindividual variability there was a significant difference, t(3.1), p=.002, d=.21, with less variability in males (M=65.99) as compared to females (M=70,45) on S3. Conclusions: when comparing groups, men performed slightly faster on one of the interference tasks. However, there were no significant differences on the other measures. This result is consistent with previous studies indicating a decrease in differences on reaction times, comparing men and women. Grant support: Skaraborg Research and Development Council, Research Fund at Skaraborg Hospital and The Swedish Stroke Association.
|
|
| 36. |
- Brandberg, Martin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
A comparative study on simple and interference reaction times in women and men.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Conference program, The 13th Nordic Meeting in Neuropsychology, Stockholm, 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: studies on reaction time (RT) indicate faster reactions for men than women. However, when comparing samples across decades, this difference seems to decrease. The aim of this study was to explore reaction times in a large contemporary sample of adult males and females (age range = 15-82). Methods: Simple reaction time and interference reaction time (a go/no go reaction task) were measured with the Vienna Reaction Apparatus (Wiener Reaktionstest, Schuhfried), RT, version S1 and S2 for simple reaction time and version S3 and S4 for interference reaction time. Results: men responded faster on the interference reaction task, S3 (M=441,57, SD=80,86) than women (M=461,53, SD=91,53). This difference was significant, t(3,7) = p<0,001 and represent a small sized effect, d = .21. There were no significant differences regarding simple reaction time (S1 and S2) or on the other interference task (S4). In regards to intraindividual variability there was a significant difference, t(3.1), p =.002, d =.21, with less variability in males (M =65.99) as compared to females (M=70,45) on S3. Conclusions: when comparing groups, men performed slightly faster on one of the interference tasks. However, there were no significant differences on the other measures. This result is consistent with previous studies indicating a decrease in differences on reaction times, comparing men and women.
|
|
| 37. |
- Brian, Byrne, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary and genetic perspectives on educational attainment
- 2010. - 1
-
Ingår i: International handbook of psychology in education. - Bingley : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 9781848552326 ; , s. 3-33
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "The International Handbook of Psychology in Education" provides researchers, practitioners and advisers working in the fields of psychology and education with an overview of cutting-edge research across a broad spectrum of work within the domain of psychology of education. The chapters in the handbook are authored by internationally recognised researchers, from across Europe, North America and the Pacific Rim. As well as covering the latest thinking within established areas of enquiry, the handbook includes chapters on recently emerging, yet important, topics within the field and explicitly considers the inter-relationship between theory and practice. A strong unifying theme is the volume's emphasis on processes of teaching and learning. The work discussed in the handbook focuses on typically developing school-age children, although issues relating to specific learning difficulties are also addressed.
|
|
| 38. |
- Burén, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Importance of post-translational modifications for functionality of a chloroplast-localized carbonic anhydrase (CAH1) in Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 6:6, s. e21021-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe Arabidopsis CAH1 alpha-type carbonic anhydrase is one of the few plant proteins known to be targeted to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. CAH1 is post-translationally modified at several residues by the attachment of N-glycans, resulting in a mature protein harbouring complex-type glycans. The reason of why trafficking through this non-canonical pathway is beneficial for certain chloroplast resident proteins is not yet known. Therefore, to elucidate the significance of glycosylation in trafficking and the effect of glycosylation on the stability and function of the protein, epitope-labelled wild type and mutated versions of CAH1 were expressed in plant cells.Methodology/Principal FindingsTransient expression of mutant CAH1 with disrupted glycosylation sites showed that the protein harbours four, or in certain cases five, N-glycans. While the wild type protein trafficked through the secretory pathway to the chloroplast, the non-glycosylated protein formed aggregates and associated with the ER chaperone BiP, indicating that glycosylation of CAH1 facilitates folding and ER-export. Using cysteine mutants we also assessed the role of disulphide bridge formation in the folding and stability of CAH1. We found that a disulphide bridge between cysteines at positions 27 and 191 in the mature protein was required for correct folding of the protein. Using a mass spectrometric approach we were able to measure the enzymatic activity of CAH1 protein. Under circumstances where protein N-glycosylation is blocked in vivo, the activity of CAH1 is completely inhibited.Conclusions/SignificanceWe show for the first time the importance of post-translational modifications such as N-glycosylation and intramolecular disulphide bridge formation in folding and trafficking of a protein from the secretory pathway to the chloroplast in higher plants. Requirements for these post-translational modifications for a fully functional native protein explain the need for an alternative route to the chloroplast.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Burén, Stefan, 1979-
(författare)
-
Targeting and function of CAH1 : Characterization of a novel protein pathway to the plant cell chloroplast
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chloroplast is the organelle within a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place. This organelle originates from a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell. During the transition from endosymbiont to organelle most of the cyanobacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome of the host cell, resulting in a chloroplast with a much reduced genome that requires massive import of gene products (proteins) back to the organelle. The majority of these proteins are translated in the cytosol as pre-proteins containing targeting information that directs them to a translocon complex in the chloroplast envelope, the Toc-Tic system, through which these proteins are transported. We have identified a protein in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, CAH1, that is trafficked via the endomembrane system (ER/Golgi apparatus) to the chloroplast instead of using the Toc-Tic machinery. This transport is partly mediated by canonical vesicle trafficking elements involved in ER to Golgi transport, such as Sar1 and RabD GTPases. Analysis of point mutated variants of CAH1 showed that both N-linked glycans and an intra-molecular disulphide bridge are required for correct folding, trafficking and function of the protein. Since chloroplasts lack N-glycosylation machinery, we propose that a route for chloroplast proteins that require endomembrane-specific post-translational modifications for their functionality exists as a complement to the Toc-Tic system. We also show that mutant plants with disrupted CAH1 gene expression have reduced rates of CO2 uptake and accumulate lower amounts of starch compared to wild-type plants, indicating an important function of the CAH1 protein for the photosynthetic capacity of Arabidopsis. Further study of CAH1 will not only be important to reveal its role in photosynthesis, but characterization of this novel protein pathway to the chloroplast can also shed light on how the plant cell evolved and clarify the purpose of keeping several chloroplast import pathways working in parallel. In addition, knowledge about this pathway could increase the opportunities for using plants as bio-factories for production of recombinant glycoproteins, which make up the vast majority of the bio-pharmaceutical molecules.
|
|
| 43. |
- Buren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Use of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A peptide co-expression system to study intracellular protein trafficking in arabidopsis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:12, s. e51973-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A tool for stoichiometric co-expression of effector and target proteins to study intracellular protein trafficking processes has been provided by the so called 2A peptide technology. In this system, the 16-20 amino acid 2A peptide from RNA viruses allows synthesis of multiple gene products from single transcripts. However, so far the use of the 2A technology in plant systems has been limited.Methodology/Principal Findings: The aim of this work was to assess the suitability of the 2A peptide technology to study the effects exerted by dominant mutant forms of three small GTPase proteins, RABD2a, SAR1, and ARF1 on intracellular protein trafficking in plant cells. Special emphasis was given to CAH1 protein from Arabidopsis, which is trafficking to the chloroplast via a poorly characterized endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathway. Dominant negative mutants for these GTPases were co-expressed with fluorescent marker proteins as polyproteins separated by a 20 residue self-cleaving 2A peptide. Cleavage efficiency analysis of the generated polyproteins showed that functionality of the 2A peptide was influenced by several factors. This enabled us to design constructs with greatly increased cleavage efficiency compared to previous studies. The dominant negative GTPase variants resulting from cleavage of these 2A peptide constructs were found to be stable and active, and were successfully used to study the inhibitory effect on trafficking of the N-glycosylated CAH1 protein through the endomembrane system.Conclusions/Significance: We demonstrate that the 2A peptide is a suitable tool when studying plant intracellular protein trafficking and that transient protoplast and in planta expression of mutant forms of SAR1 and RABD2a disrupts CAH1 trafficking. Similarly, expression of dominant ARF1 mutants also caused inhibition of CAH1 trafficking to a different extent. These results indicate that early trafficking of the plastid glycoprotein CAH1 depends on canonical vesicular transport mechanisms operating between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
|
|
| 44. |
- Bybrant, M. C., et al.
(författare)
-
Celiac disease can be predicted by high levels of tissue transglutaminase antibodies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 22:3, s. 417-424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not included in guidelines regarding diagnosis criteria for celiac disease (CD) without a diagnostic biopsy, due to lack of data. We explored whether tissue transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) that were >= 10 times the upper limit of normal (10x ULN) predicted CD in T1D. Methods Data from the Swedish prospective Better Diabetes Diagnosis study was used, and 2035 children and adolescents with T1D diagnosed between 2005-2010 were included. Of these, 32 had been diagnosed with CD before T1D. The children without CD were repeatedly screened for CD using anti-tTG antibodies of immunoglobulin type A. In addition, their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) were genotyped. All children with positive anti-tTG were advised to undergo biopsy. Biopsies were performed on 119 children and graded using the Marsh-Oberhuber classification. Results All of the 60 children with anti-tTG >= 10x ULN had CD verified by biopsies. The degree of mucosal damage correlated with anti-tTG levels. Among 2003 screened children, 6.9% had positive anti-tTG and 5.6% were confirmed CD. The overall CD prevalence, when including the 32 children with CD before T1D, was 7.0% (145/2035). All but one of the children diagnosed with CD had HLA-DQ2 and/or DQ8. Conclusions As all screened children and adolescents with T1D with tissue transglutaminase antibodies above 10 times the positive value 10x ULN had CD, we propose that the guidelines for diagnosing CD in screened children, when biopsies can be omitted, should also apply to children and adolescents with T1D as a noninvasive method.
|
|
| 45. |
- Bylund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Very low birth weight children at 9 years : School performance and behaviour in relation to risk factors
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine. - 1359-8635 .- 1473-0774. ; 5:2, s. 124-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the school performance and behavior of very low-birth-weight children in comparison with controls, and relate the findings to risk factors. Methods All children with birth weight below 1501 g (VLBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) controls, born in the south-east region of Sweden during a 15-month period in 1987-88, were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study; 81 % (n = 70) and 82% (n = 72), respectively, were re-examined at the age of 9 years regarding growth, neurological status, neurofunctional classification and academic achievement tests (Raven's matrices, mathematics, vocabulary, reading ability). The need for special education at school was assessed and four behavioral problem scores were also assessed (hyperactivity, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, social skills). Children with known handicaps were not re-examined. Results VLBW children were shorter and lighter than controls, and differed from them with regard to neurological functional classification. As a group, they produced poorer results in all academic achievement tests except vocabulary, and also in two out of four behavioral subscales (hyperactivity and fine motor skills). When the comparison was restricted to children with normal Raven scores, almost all the differences disappeared. VLBW children had more reading difficulties but were less often than expected defined as dyslexic compared to NEW children.
|
|
| 46. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
-
A behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of research in reading (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-0423 .- 1467-9817. ; 31:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a longitudinal twin study of literacy and language, we conducted a behaviour-genetic analysis of orthographic learning, spelling and decoding in Grade 2 children (225 identical and 214 fraternal twin pairs) in the United States and Australia. Each variable showed significant genetic and unique environment influences. Multivariate analyses revealed very high genetic correlations among the variables, indicating that the same genes are involved in their aetiology. These genes are partly independent of those contributing to intelligence. A further analysis indicated that the covariation between decoding and orthographic learning is mediated by shared genes rather than by a direct causal path. The authors argue that a learning parameter, most directly assessed by orthographic learning in this study, underlies all three literacy variables. The results are also discussed in relation to Share's self-teaching hypothesis, which may require modification. © United Kingdom Literacy Association 2008.
|
|
| 47. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
-
Behavior-genetic studies of academic performance in school students : A commentary for professional in psychology and education
- 2019. - 1
-
Ingår i: Reading development and difficulties. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030265496 - 9783030265502 ; , s. 213-232
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Available behavior-genetic research indicates that the single largest factor influencing individual differences in literacy development is genetic endowment. We briefly review some typical evidence and methodology used in studying the behavior-genetics of reading. We then outline three hypothetical educational scenarios and demonstrate how behavior-genetic studies might play out in them, with the aim of enhancing the critical capacity of school psychologists and other educational professionals to evaluate research findings in this area. We show that heritability estimates will tend to be higher in educational environments in which the instruction and other factors are more uniform, that the way subsamples are combined can affect estimates, and that population-level estimates cannot be used to determine the etiology of any individual child’s performance. We address and dismiss genetic determinism, and review evidence to suggest that genetic accounts of reading disability may reduce blame and stigma yet increase pessimism about successful intervention. However, we argue that continued research into optimal ways to design and deliver curricula is quite compatible with the substantial heritability of individual differences in literacy and has already provided grounds for optimism. We also suggest that genetically derived constraints on academic progress bring into sharp focus questions about the goals of education.
|
|
| 48. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
-
Dyslexia
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Routledge international companion to educational psychology. - London : Routledge. - 9780415675581 - 9780415675604 ; , s. 297-306
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Byrne, Brian, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic and environmental influences on aspects of literacy and language in early childhood : Continuity and change from preschool to Grade 2
- 2009
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS. - : Elsevier BV. - 0911-6044. ; 22:3, s. 219-236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early literacy and language skills of twin children in the USA, Australia, and Scandinavia were explored in a genetically sensitive design (maximum N = 615 pairs). For this article, we report aspects of preschool and Grade 2 data. In Grade 2, there were strong genetic influences on word reading, reading comprehension, and spelling. Vocabulary was about equally affected by genes and shared environment. Multivariate analyses indicated substantial genetic overlap among the Grade 2 literacy variables. Longitudinal analyses showed that genetic factors evident at the preschool stage continued to affect literacy and vocabulary three years later in Grade 2, but there was also evidence of new genetic factors coming into play over the time interval, at least for literacy. Suggestions are made about the search for underlying biological and cognitive processes, and educational implications are explored.
|
|
