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- Khatibi Esfanjani, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Could androgens protect middle-aged women from cardiovascular events? A population-based study of Swedish women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Climacteric. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-7137 .- 1473-0804. ; 10:5, s. 386-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this analysis was to delineate perceived associations between androgens and cardiovascular events in perimenopausal women. Design A cross-sectional, population-based study of 6440 perimenopausal women aged 50-59 years, living in Southern Sweden. In all, 461 (7.1%) women were premenopausal (PM), 3328 (51.7%) postmenopausal without hormone therapy (HT) (PMO) and 2651 (41.2%) postmenopausal with HT (PMT). For further comparisons, 104 women (1.6%) who reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) were studied in detail; 49 had had a myocardial infarction, 49 a stroke and six women both events. For each woman with CVD, two matched controls were selected (n = 208). Results In the matched controlled series, androstenedione levels were lower (p < 0.005) in cases. Cases with hormone therapy had also lower testosterone levels than matched controls (p = 0.05). In the total cohort, by using multiple logistic regression analyses, testosterone was positively associated with low density lipoprotem cholesterol (p < 0.001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001) in all women, but negatively associated with levels of triglycerides in both the PMO (p < 0.001) and PMT (p < 0.001) groups. Androstenedione levels were positively associated with HDL-C (p < 0.05) and negatively with triglycerides (p < 0.05) in the PM group. Conclusion Women with cardiovascular disease had lower serum androgen levels, particularly women using hormone replacement therapy, even when controlled for lipids and other potential risk factors.
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- Qader, Saleem, et al.
(författare)
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Could Quality of Life Impact the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome? Results from a Population-Based Study of Swedish Women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area Study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8518 .- 1540-4196.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: The metabolic syndrome is regarded as an important risk factor for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome could be associated with impaired quality of life (QoL). Methods: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) project covers 10,766 women born between December 2, 1935, and December 1, 1945, living in the Lund area, of Sweden by December 1, 1995. The primary objectives of this project were to survey perimenopausal women in this area and to evaluate their health status and lifestyles. We used the criteria for the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), which include three or more of five risk factors: central obesity, elevated serum triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose. Analysis of most aspects of daily life and QoL according to the Gothenburg Quality of Life Instrument (GQL) was done. GQL refers to the WHO definition of health. Results: A total number of 6913 (64.2%) women with a mean age (56.1) years fulfilled the criteria for screening procedure in the WHILA study. A positive association between women with metabolic syndrome and the following aspects of quality of life were found: "Partnership," "free time," "memory," and being "appreciated outside home." However, "economy," "health," "body image," and "fitness" had a negative association to the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: QoL is an important factor for metabolic syndrome. Apart from traditional biological factors, prevention of metabolic syndrome should also encompass QoL.
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- Shakir, Yasameen, et al.
(författare)
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Do sex hormones influence features of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women? A population-based study of Swedish women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5653 .- 0015-0282. ; 88:1, s. 163-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To outline perceived associations between various sex hormones and risk markers for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged women, with an emphasis on features of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Women's Health in the Lund Area Study. Patient(s): Population-based cohort. Intervention(s): A generic questionnaire, physical examinations, and laboratory assessments were completed by 6,917 women aged 50-59 years living in the Lund area of southern Sweden. Women at or above defined cutoff limits for the MS were considered positively screened. After exclusion of women using hormone therapy (HT), 2,038 women with (MS+) and 2,054 women without features of the MS (MS-) were included. The ELISA techniques were used for the determination of serum androstendione (A), E-2, T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cortisol, insulin, and leptin levels. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined by conventional methods. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits. Main Outcome Measure(s): Features of the MS, sex steroids, cardiovascular risk markers. Result(s): In the MS+ group, a positive association was seen between A and systolic blood pressure. Estradiol was negatively associated with total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure. The SHBG was negatively associated with triglycerides, blood glucose, and diastolic blood pressure and positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In the MS- group, there were positive associations between A, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure. Testosterone was positively associated with HDL. Estradiol was negatively associated with total cholesterol and positively with systolic blood pressure. The SHBG was positively associated with HDL and negatively with triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. There were positive associations between cortisol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure and a negative association with triglycerides in both MS+ and MS- groups. Conclusion(s): Androstendione, E-2, and T levels were associated with cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged women. Effects by sex steroids on cardiovascular risk markers seem to be different in women with or without features of the MS.
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- Shakir, Yasameen, et al.
(författare)
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Does the hormonal situation modify lipid effects by lifestyle factors in middle-aged women? Results from a population-based study of Swedish women: the Women's Health in the Lund Area study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8600. ; 55:8, s. 1060-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to outline whether the influence by lifestyle factors on serum lipids was modified by the hormonal situation in middle-aged women. Six thousand nine hundred eight women, aged 50 to 59 years, participated in a health assessment program, including a serum lipid profile evaluation. The women were grouped according to their hormonal status into premenopausal (PM) (n = 492), postmenopausal without hormone therapy (HT) (PM0) (n = 3600), and postmenopausal with HT (PMT) (n = 2816). From the PMT group, we analyzed oral (n = 901) and transdermal HT (n = 351) regimens, containing norethisterone acetate and 17β-estradiol. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined by conventional methods. Lifestyle factors included smoking and physical activity at leisure time and at work. Multivariate linear regression analysis controlling for age, education, and dietary habits showed that current smoking was positively associated with triglycerides in the PM, PM0, PMT, and oral HT groups. In the PM0, PMT, and oral HT groups, current smoking was positively associated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Low physical activity at leisure time was positively associated with triglycerides in the PM and PMT groups and negatively associated with HDL in the PM0 and PMT groups. High physical activity at work was positively associated with triglycerides in the PMT group and with total cholesterol in the PM0 group, but negatively associated with HDL in the PMT and transdermal groups. Body mass index was positively associated with triglycerides and negatively with HDL in all the groups regardless of the hormonal situation. The serum lipid profile as influenced by lifestyle factors was modified by the hormonal situation. Compared with the postmenopausal women without HT use, the use of HT contributes to fewer “negative” effects by lifestyle factors on serum lipids.
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- Shakir, Yasameen, et al.
(författare)
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Health Hazards in Middle-Aged Women with Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study of Swedish Women. The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Women's Health. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1931-843X .- 1540-9996. ; 16:3, s. 406-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To delineate the health profile in middle-aged women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) project covered all women born 1935 - 1945 ( n = 10,766) living in the Lund area; 6917 (64.2%) women completed a generic questionnaire and underwent physical and laboratory assessments. Of the 6917 women, 6416 were postmenopausal women, of whom 104 had CVD. For each woman with CVD, two controls were selected and matched for age, smoking habits, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density liproprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diastolic blood pressure and hormonal status. Results: One hundred four women (1.6%) reported CVD. Forty-nine had a myocardial infarction (MI), 49 had a stroke, and 6 women had both events; 71.4% were postmenopausal, with never use of hormone therapy ( HT) ( PM0), and 28.6% were postmenopausal with ever use of HT (PMT). Compared with the control group, serum androstendione was lower ( p = 0.004) in the case group, and menopausal estradiol (E-2) values were less frequent ( p = 0.037) in cases from the PM0 group. Among psychological and somatic symptoms, nervousness ( p < 0.05), difficulty relaxing, crying easily, visual disturbance ( p <= 0.01 for all), dizziness, difficulties in voiding urine, shortness of breath, breast tenderness, "and constipation ( p <= 0.001 for all) were more common among women with CVD. Women with CVD expressed less satisfaction with feeling healthy, body image, memory loss, irritability, and sexuality ( p <= 0.05 for all). The case group had more problems with daily activities, more days spent in hospital during the previous 5 years, and more regular medical appointments with healthcare centers, more often had diabetes mellitus (DM) ( p < 0.001 for all), and had experienced more falls in the previous year ( p < 0.05). Urinary incontinence and decreased body weight were more common among cases ( p <= 0.01 for both). Conclusion: Several health hazards as well as somatic and psychological symptoms were more common in subjects with CVD, rendering them more susceptible to future disease.
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