| 1. |
- Kovalenko, T. M., et al.
(author)
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EFFECT OF LOW AND HIGH FAT DIETS ON THE HIPPOCAMPAL STRUCTURE IN APOE -/- KNOCKOUT MICE
- 2019
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In: Fiziologichnyi Zhurnal. - : National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Co. LTD Ukrinformnauka). - 2522-9028 .- 2522-9036. ; 65:4, s. 31-40
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The morphological and biochemical studies of the hippocampal CA1 area in ApoE-deficient mice under the conditionsof dietary intake (8 weeks) with low (LF) and high (HF) fat content were performed. Methods of immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopy, immunoassay and morphometric as well as statistical analyses were used. It was revealed that the morpho-functional state of the nerve cells of the hippocampus ApoE-/- mice highly depends on the fat content of the diet. A higher degree of neuroinflammation was observed in the LF-group than in the control and HF-groups, which was manifested in reactive astro- and microgliosis. The number of undamaged pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus ApoE-/- mice in the LF-group significantly decreased compared to the control group and the HF-group. In animals with LF- and HF-diet the density of synaptic terminals, the number of mitochondria in them, as well as the concentration of cellular adhesion molecules were decreased. It was suggested that synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity in higher degree depended on the shortage of аpolipoprotein E than on the fat content in the diet.
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| 2. |
- Kovalenko, T. N., et al.
(author)
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The neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate in the experimental ischemia of hippocampus
- 2011
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In: Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. - 0867-5910. ; 62:2, s. 239-246
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) on the hippocampus in the transient vessel occlusion ischemia model in the Mongolian gerbil. The morphological and biochemical studies were performed at 7 days after occlusion of carotid arteries. The acute reduction of NeuN-positive neurons in the CA1 pyramidal layer of the hippocampus was accompanied by increased staining intensity for GFAP-positive astrocytes, indicative of glial reaction. The neuron death in the CA1 area coincided with a strong 2.4 fold decrease in the membrane forms of neuronal cell adhesion molecules and elevated levels of astrocyte-specific proteins (soluble GFAP to 2,6 times; filament GFAP to 1,5 times; calcium-binding protein S-100b to 1,6 times). Treatment with 2-oxoglutarate (2.28 g/l drinking water) for between 7 and 21 days attenuated the neuronal death and reactive astrogliosis in this model of experimental ischemia by 20-50%. Our results suggest that 2-OG may prevent the disturbances of neural cells that usually take place during ischemic pathology.
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| 3. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(author)
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Diet-induced changes in brain structure and behavior in old gerbils.
- 2015
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In: Nutrition & diabetes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2044-4052. ; 5, s. 163-163
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aging is associated with many physiological alterations such as changes in metabolism, food intake and brain dysfunction. Possible ways to correct age-related brain dysfunction using dietary treatments still remains undeveloped. The aim of our research was to investigate whether long-term dietary treatment with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OX), which is involved in many regulatory pathways, together with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM), which ensure appropriate digestion and absorption of nutrients, affects age-related changes in the brain morphology and cognitive function in old Mongolian gerbils.
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| 4. |
- Goncharova, Katerina, et al.
(author)
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Diet supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin restores the hippocampal neuronal plasticity and behaviour in young pigs with experimental exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- 2015
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In: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 14, s. 270-277
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is postulated that exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can evoke neurological disorders. In the present study pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) were examined as a functional food component, with the goal of improving cognitive function and brain structure in a pig model of EPI. EPI in the present study induced alterations in the behaviour of the pigs as well as degenerative changes within the morphological structure of the hippocampus. EPI leads to a reduced number of pyramidal neurons and decreased levels of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Here, we provide evidence that the use of PLEM as a functional food, in the form of dietary supplementation with PLEM for 10 days, restored pig behaviour and the histo-morphology of the hippocampus in EPI pigs. Thus, we suggest that the use of PLEM as a functional food ingredient should be considered in the prevention and/or postponement of the development of EPI-related encephalopathy. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
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| 6. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Exogenous pancreatic-like enzymes are recovered in the gut and improve growth of exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 324-326
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) pigs grow less due to different disturbances in feed digestion, absorption, and retention. Use of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin in pigs may improve feed use and performance in slow-growing pigs. The aim was to study gut recovery and effectiveness of pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin supplementation on pig performance. Six male pigs 10 to 12 kg BW underwent pancreatic duct ligation surgery to induce total exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Three cannulas to access the gastrointestinal tract content were installed in stomach, duodenum, and ileum in EPI pigs and in 3 control (healthy) pigs. One month after surgery, enzymes were given before feeding and digesta samples were collected for analyses. The BW of EPI pigs did not increase during 1 mo following surgery (11.7 vs. 11.6 kg BW); however, BW increased after 1 wk of enzyme supplementation (12.1 kg BW). Coefficient of fat and N absorption increased (P < 0.05) in EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation. Activity of amylase, lipase, and protease in chyme samples of EPI pigs was very low compared to controls. In EPI pigs after enzyme supplementation, amylase activity increased from 5.32 to 72.9 units/mL but remained lower than that of healthy pigs (162.7 units/mL). Lipase activity increased from 79.1 to 421.6 units/mL, which was similar to that of controls (507.3 units/mL). Proteolytic activity increased from 7.8 to 69.7 units/mL but still did not reach control pigs (164.3 units/mL). In conclusion, exogenous microbial enzymes mimic endogenous pancreatic enzymes being recovered along the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. These enzymes might be a useful tool to stimulate growth of slower-growing pigs after the weaning period.
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| 7. |
- Wolinski, J., et al.
(author)
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Effect of feeding colostrum versus exogenous immunoglobulin G on gastrointestinal structure and enteric nervous system in newborn pigs
- 2012
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In: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90, s. 327-329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Colostrum is an indispensable source of antibodies (IgG) protecting the newborn pig against infection. We studied the effect of feeding colostrum and purified IgG on early structure and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Newborn littermate pigs were fed either colostrum, an elemental diet (ED), or an ED supplemented with purified serum IgG (ED + IgG) for 24 h or then only ED up to 72 h. Afterwards, pigs were slaughtered. Colostrum-fed pigs or ED supplemented with IgG (ED + IgG) increased thickness (P < 0.001) of stomach mucosa and muscularis (P < 0.05) compared to the ED group not receiving IgG. Feeding an ED supplemented with IgG improved morphology of the GIT towards that of colostrum-fed piglets and indicates a beneficial effect of IgG on GIT development in neonatal pigs. Immunohistochemical studies indicate that ED feeding may influence the expression of nitric oxide synthase in jejunal myenteric (but not submucous) neurons of newborn pigs.
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