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- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The globalizability of temporal discounting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 6:10, s. 1386-1397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.
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- Ruggeri, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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The general fault in our fault lines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 5:10, s. 1369-1380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pervading global narratives suggest that political polarization is increasing, yet the accuracy of such group meta-perceptions has been drawn into question. A recent US study suggests that these beliefs are inaccurate and drive polarized beliefs about out-groups. However, it also found that informing people of inaccuracies reduces those negative beliefs. In this work, we explore whether these results generalize to other countries. To achieve this, we replicate two of the original experiments with 10,207 participants across 26 countries. We focus on local group divisions, which we refer to as fault lines. We find broad generalizability for both inaccurate meta-perceptions and reduced negative motive attribution through a simple disclosure intervention. We conclude that inaccurate and negative group meta-perceptions are exhibited in myriad contexts and that informing individuals of their misperceptions can yield positive benefits for intergroup relations. Such generalizability highlights a robust phenomenon with implications for political discourse worldwide.
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- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
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Other syndromes of orthostatic intolerance : Delayed orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and reflex syncope
- 2021
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Ingår i: Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030624934 - 9783030624927 ; , s. 121-143
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from classical orthostatic hypotension, the gravitational force may strongly contribute to other forms of orthostatic intolerance, delayed and postprandial OH, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and reflex syncope. In delayed OH, the significant blood pressure drop occurs first after 3-min period of orthostasis, whereas in postprandial OH, the symptoms appear first approximately 15-30 min after the meal. POTS is rarely seen in older adults and presents as abnormal sinus tachycardia on standing with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, dizziness, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Reflex syncope may manifest as orthostatic vasovagal reflex, situational syncope, or carotid sinus hypersensitivity, which becomes a clinical syndrome when associated with history of unexplained syncope and positive provocation test, carotid sinus massage. Older patients with a history of orthostatic intolerance, unexplained syncope and fall trauma, and negative result of active standing test should be further evaluated using cardiovascular autonomic tests such as head-up tilt testing, Valsalva maneuver, and carotid sinus massage.
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