| 1. |
- Maier, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus Statement on Bone Conduction Devices and Active Middle Ear Implants in Conductive and Mixed Hearing Loss
- 2022
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Ingår i: Otology and Neurotology. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1531-7129 .- 1537-4505. ; 43:5, s. 513-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, several options are available to treat patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Whenever surgical intervention is not possible or contra-indicated, and amplification by a conventional hearing device (e.g., behind-the-ear device) is not feasible, then implantable hearing devices are an indispensable next option. Implantable bone-conduction devices and middle-ear implants have advantages but also limitations concerning complexity/invasiveness of the surgery, medical complications, and effectiveness. To counsel the patient, the clinician should have a good overview of the options with regard to safety and reliability as well as unequivocal technical performance data. The present consensus document is the outcome of an extensive iterative process including ENT specialists, audiologists, health-policy scientists, and representatives/technicians of the main companies in this field. This document should provide a first framework for procedures and technical characterization to enhance effective communication between these stakeholders, improving health care.
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| 2. |
- Ghoncheh, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Output performance of the novel active transcutaneous bone conduction implant Sentio at different stimulation sites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hearing Research. - : ELSEVIER. - 0378-5955 .- 1878-5891. ; 421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The output performance of a novel semi-implantable transcutaneous bone conduction device was compared to an established percutaneous bone-anchored hearing system device using cadaver heads. The influence of actuator position, tissue growth below the actuator and mounting it on the surface or in a flattened bone bed on the performance of the implanted actuator was investigated.Materials and Methods: The percutaneous and the new transcutaneous device were sequentially implanted at two sites in five human cadaver heads: 55 mm superior-posterior to the ear canal opening (position A) and, closer to the cochlea, about 20 mm inferior-posterior to the ear canal opening behind the pinna on the mastoid (position B). The ipsi-and contralateral cochlear promontory (CP) velocity magnitude responses to percutaneous and transcutaneous stimulation were measured using laser Doppler vibrometry. In addition, the CP vibration of the transcutaneous device placed directly on the skull bone surface was compared with the placement in a flattened bone bed at a depth of about 3 mm. Finally, the influence of placing a thin silicone interposition layer under the implanted transducer was also explored.Results: The percutaneous device provided about an 11 dB higher average CP vibration level than the transcutaneous device at frequencies between 0.5 and 10 kHz. The ipsilateral CP vibration responses with stimulations at position B were on average 13 dB higher compared to stimulation at position A. The placement of the transcutaneous transducer at position B provided similar or higher average vibration magnitudes than the percutaneous transducer at position A. The 3 mm deep flattened bone bed had no significant effects on the output performance. Placing a thin silicone layer under the transcutaneous transducer had no significant influence on the output of the transcutaneous device.Conclusions: Our results using the CP vibration responses show that at frequencies above 500 Hz the new transcutaneous device at position B provides similar output levels as the percutaneous device at position A. The results also indicated that neither a bone bed for the placement of the transcutaneous transducer nor a simulated tissue growth between the actuator and the bone affect the output performance of the device.
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| 3. |
- Aazh, H, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of ear canal occlusion and static pressure difference on bone conduction thresholds: Implications for mechanisms of bone conduction
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 44:5, s. 302-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of air pressure change on bone conduction (BC) hearing thresholds in the occluded ear was investigated. The pump manometer system of an impedance bridge was used to change the air pressure in the ear canal of twenty-two normally hearing subjects. BC thresholds were measured with: (1) open ear; (2) the ear canal occluded with a probe tube and application of 0 daPa air pressure; and (3) the ear canal occluded with a probe tube and application of -350 daPa air pressure. Thresholds were lower in condition 2 than in condition 1, the difference decreasing from 27 dB at 2500 Hz to 4.5 dB at 2000 Hz. Thresholds were higher in condition 3 than in condition 2. The results are interpreted in terms of changes in the relative contribution of the three routes of transmission for BC sound produced by occlusion and by a static pressure difference.
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| 4. |
- Asp, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of the bilateral benefit in children with bilateral cochlear implants
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 54:2, s. 77-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the development of the bilateral benefit in children using bilateral cochlear implants by measurements of speech recognition and sound localization.DESIGN: Bilateral and unilateral speech recognition in quiet, in multi-source noise, and horizontal sound localization was measured at three occasions during a two-year period, without controlling for age or implant experience. Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses were performed. Results were compared to cross-sectional data from children with normal hearing.STUDY SAMPLE: Seventy-eight children aged 5.1-11.9 years, with a mean bilateral cochlear implant experience of 3.3 years and a mean age of 7.8 years, at inclusion in the study. Thirty children with normal hearing aged 4.8-9.0 years provided normative data.RESULTS: For children with cochlear implants, bilateral and unilateral speech recognition in quiet was comparable whereas a bilateral benefit for speech recognition in noise and sound localization was found at all three test occasions. Absolute performance was lower than in children with normal hearing. Early bilateral implantation facilitated sound localization.CONCLUSIONS: A bilateral benefit for speech recognition in noise and sound localization continues to exist over time for children with bilateral cochlear implants, but no relative improvement is found after three years of bilateral cochlear implant experience.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Asp, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Bilateral versus unilateral cochlear implants in children: Speech recognition, sound localization, and parental reports
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 51:11, s. 817-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare bilateral and unilateral speech recognition in quiet and in multi-source noise, and horizontal sound localization of low and high frequency sounds in children with bilateral cochlear implants. Design: Bilateral performance was compared to performance of the implanted side with the best monaural speech recognition in quiet result. Parental reports were collected in a questionnaire. Results from the CI children were compared to binaural and monaural performance of normal-hearing peers. Study sample: Sixty-four children aged 5.1-11.9 years who were daily users of bilateral cochlear implants. Thirty normal-hearing children aged 4.8-9.0 years were recruited as controls. Results and Conclusions : Group data showed a statistically significant bilateral speech recognition and sound localization benefit, both behaviorally and in parental reports. The bilateral speech recognition benefit was smaller in quiet than in noise. The majority of subjects localized high and low frequency sounds significantly better than chance using bilateral implants, while localization accuracy was close to chance using unilateral implants. Binaural normal-hearing performance was better than bilateral performance in implanted children across tests, while bilaterally implanted children showed better localization than normal-hearing children under acute monaural conditions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bernstein, Joshua G, et al.
(författare)
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Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity as a predictor of speech intelligibility in noise with hearing aids
- 2014
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Ingår i: Spectrotemporal modulation sensitivity as a predictor of speech intelligibility in noise with hearing aids.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The audiogram predicts less than a third of the variance in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners properly fit with individualized frequency-dependent gain. The remaining variance is often attributed to a combination of su-prathreshold distortion in the auditory pathway and non-auditory factors such as cogni-tive processing. Distinguishing between these factors requires a measure of suprathresh-old auditory processing to account for the non-cognitive contributions. Preliminary re-sults in 12 HI listeners identified a correlation between spectrotemporal modulation (STM) sensitivity and speech intelligibility in noise presented over headphones. The cur-IHCON 2014 27 August 13-17, 2014rent study assessed the effectiveness of STM sensitivity as a measure of suprathreshold auditory function to predict free-field SRTs in noise for a larger group of 47 HI listeners with hearing aids.SRTs were measured for Hagerman sentences presented at 65 dB SPL in stationary speech-weighted noise or four-talker babble. Pre-recorded speech and masker stimuli were played through a small anechoic chamber equipped with a master hearing aid pro-grammed with individualized gain. The output from an IEC711 Ear Simulator was played binaurally through insert earphones. Three processing algorithms were examined: linear gain, linear gain plus noise reduction, or fast-acting compressive gain.STM stimuli consist of spectrally-rippled noise with spectral-peak frequencies that shift over time. STM with a 2-cycle/octave spectral-ripple density and a 4-Hz modulation rate was applied to a 2-kHz lowpass-filtered pink-noise carrier. Stimuli were presented over headphones at 80 dB SPL (±5-dB roving). The threshold modulation depth was estimated adaptively in a two-alternative forced-choice task.STM sensitivity was strongly correlated (R2=0.48) with the global SRT (i.e., the SRTs averaged across masker and processing conditions). The high-frequency pure-tone aver-age (3-8 kHz) and age together accounted for 23% of the variance in global SRT. STM sensitivity accounted for an additional 28% of the variance in global SRT (total R2=0.51) when combined with these two other metrics in a multiple-regression analysis. Correla-tions between STM sensitivity and SRTs for individual conditions were weaker for noise reduction than for the other algorithms, and marginally stronger for babble than for sta-tionary noise.The results are discussed in the context of previous work suggesting that STM sensitivity for low rates and low carrier frequencies is impaired by a reduced ability to use temporal fine-structure information to detect slowly shifting spectral peaks. STM detection is a fast, simple test of suprathreshold auditory function that accounts for a substantial pro-portion of variability in hearing-aid outcomes for speech perception in noise.
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| 9. |
- Bernstein, Joshua G. W., et al.
(författare)
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Spectrotemporal Modulation Sensitivity as a Predictor of Speech-Reception Performance in Noise With Hearing Aids
- 2016
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Ingår i: TRENDS IN HEARING. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2331-2165. ; 20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The audiogram predicts amp;lt;30% of the variance in speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners fitted with individualized frequency-dependent gain. The remaining variance could reflect suprathreshold distortion in the auditory pathways or nonauditory factors such as cognitive processing. The relationship between a measure of suprathreshold auditory function-spectrotemporal modulation (STM) sensitivity-and SRTs in noise was examined for 154 HI listeners fitted with individualized frequency-specific gain. SRTs were measured for 65-dB SPL sentences presented in speech-weighted noise or four-talker babble to an individually programmed master hearing aid, with the output of an ear-simulating coupler played through insert earphones. Modulation-depth detection thresholds were measured over headphones for STM (2cycles/octave density, 4-Hz rate) applied to an 85-dB SPL, 2-kHz lowpass-filtered pink-noise carrier. SRTs were correlated with both the high-frequency (2-6 kHz) pure-tone average (HFA; R-2 = .31) and STM sensitivity (R-2 = .28). Combined with the HFA, STM sensitivity significantly improved the SRT prediction (Delta R-2 = .13; total R-2 = .44). The remaining unaccounted variance might be attributable to variability in cognitive function and other dimensions of suprathreshold distortion. STM sensitivity was most critical in predicting SRTs for listenersamp;lt;65 years old or with HFA amp;lt;53 dB HL. Results are discussed in the context of previous work suggesting that STM sensitivity for low rates and low-frequency carriers is impaired by a reduced ability to use temporal fine-structure information to detect dynamic spectra. STM detection is a fast test of suprathreshold auditory function for frequencies amp;lt;2 kHz that complements the HFA to predict variability in hearing-aid outcomes for speech perception in noise.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Brandt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of bone conduction hearing
- 2006
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Ingår i: XXIV International Modal Analysis Conference, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
- Brandt, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of Bone Conduction Hearing
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone conduction sound, the transmission of sound as vibrations in the skull bone, is used in several areas, forexample for hearing aids, in audiometry, and in communication systems. The bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA)has been commercially available for many years. This device utilizes titanium screws attached to the skull bonepenetrating the soft tissues thus providing a rigid attachment to the skull bone. Subjects equipped with suchtitanium screws have proven important for investigation of bone conducted sound and in the present paper anoverview of some results from different studies on such patients is given. Included are results from investigationsof resonance frequencies, propagation delays, and transcranial (cross-skull) attenuation.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Chang, You, 1985-
(författare)
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A Finite Element Model of the Human Head for Simulation of Bone-conducted Sound
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bone conduction is usually understood as the hearing sensation based on the vibrations of the skull bone and surrounding tissues. The fact that vibration of the skull bones can result in a sound percept has been known for a long time. However, it is difficult to give a general definition of BC sound. Normally, BC sound is described as the sound energy transmitted through the body (comprising the solid and fluid parts) then the outer, middle and inner ear are involved and finally produce a perception of sound.Even if BC sound perception has been studied for more than a century, the whole pattern of BC sound transmission is still not complete. There are limitations for experimental investigation of BC sound, such as the complexity of experimental manipulations and individual differences between subjects resulting in difficult to interpret outcomes. One way to overcome some of those issues is the use of a simulation model for BC sound. However, until now, the published models are unable to provide a holistic response of BC sound in the human. Therefore, the primary aim of this thesis is to develop a finite element model that could simulate BC sound transmission in the human. Based on cryosectional images of a female, the LiUHead was developed as a FE model of the human head with the structure and material properties of real human. Most the structures and tissues which could contribute to the BC transmission were included in the LiUHead. The simulation results of the LiUHead agreed with experimental data obtained in both cadaver heads and live humans.After the development and validation of the LiUHead, the model was used to investigate BC sound. Since BC sound is transmitted in and between the tissues, the power transmission of BC sound was investigated in the LiUHead in the frequency domain. When the stimulation was applied on the surface of the skull at the mastoid position, the results of the simulations show that, as the name suggest, the skull bone dominants the BC sound transmission. The soft tissues and cartilages are as the second most important media of the BC sound while the skull interior is the least important for the BC transmission. Moreover, according to the power flux in the skull, the BC vibrations are mainly concentrated at the skull base. Other important transmission pathways are located at the occipital bone at the posterior side of the head, but the power transmitted over the face, forehead and vertex is minor. There is power interaction between the skull bone and skull interior near the stimulation position but the transmission of sound power through the brain seem to be minimal. Since the power or energy is difficult to measure in an experimental setting, this investigation gave unique knowledge about BC sound transmission in the head and the interaction between the tissues.As a common application for BC sound, bone-conduction devices are used to stimulate the hearing and is a method for hearing loss rehabilitation. Nowadays many different kinds of BCDs are available. However, most studies failed to compare the different types of BCDs in the same conditions as well as between several BCDs as it is not possible to compare several BCDs within the same subject due to the implantation required for several BCDs. The model gives a unique opportunity to evaluate various BCDs in the same head. Eight different BCDs, including four kinds of skin-drive BCDs, three kinds of direct-drive BCDs, and one in-the-mouth device, were applied to the LiUHead and the simulation results were evaluated. The results proved that the direct-drive BCDs and the in-the-mouth device gave similar vibration responses at the cochlea. At low frequencies, the skin-drive BCDs had similar or even better cochlear responses than the direct-drive BCDs. However, the direct-drive BCDs gave stable responses at mid-frequencies and gave higher responses than the skin-drive BCDs at high frequencies. These results are beneficial evaluating and for designing and improving current BCDs.The ultimate goal of this thesis is to provide a computational model for BC sound that can be used for evaluation of BC sound transmission. This was accomplished by the LiUHead that gave results comparable to experimental data and enabled investigations that cannot easily be conducted in experiments.
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| 16. |
- Chang, You, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Bone-Conduction Devices Simulated in a Finite-Element Model of a Whole Human Head
- 2019
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Ingår i: TRENDS IN HEARING. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2331-2165. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, many different kinds of bone-conduction devices (BCDs) are available for hearing rehabilitation. Most studies of these devices fail to compare the different types of BCDs under the same conditions. Moreover, most results are between two BCDs in the same subject, or two BCDs in different subjects failing to provide an overview of the results between several of the BCDs. Another issue is that some BCDs require surgical procedures that prevent comparison of the BCDs in the same persons. In this study, four types of skin-drive BCDs, three direct-drive BCDs, and one oral device were evaluated in a finite-element model of the human head that was able to simulate all BCDs under the same conditions. The evaluation was conducted using both a dynamic force as input and an electric voltage to a model of a BCD vibrator unit. The results showed that the direct-drive BCDs and the oral device gave vibration responses within 10 dB at the cochlea. The skin-drive BCDs had similar or even better cochlear vibration responses than the direct-drive BCDs at low frequencies, but the direct-drive BCDs gave up to 30 dB higher cochlear vibration responses at high frequencies. The study also investigated the mechanical point impedance at the interface between the BCD and the head, providing information that explains some of the differences seen in the results. For example, when the skin-drive BCD attachment area becomes too small, the transducer cannot provide an output force similar to the devices with larger attachment surfaces.
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| 17. |
- Chang, You, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of Bone-Conducted Sound Transmission in a Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Model of a Human Skull
- 2015
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Ingår i: MECHANICS OF HEARING: PROTEIN TO PERCEPTION. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 9780735413504
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone conduction (BC) is the transmission of sound to the inner ear through the bones of the skull. This type of transmission is used in humans fitted with BC hearing aids as well as to classify between conductive and sensorineural hearing losses. The objective of the present study is to develop a finite-element (FE) model of the human skull based on cryosectional images of a female cadaver head in order to gain better understanding of the sound transmission. Further, the BC behavior was validated in terms of sound transmission against experimental data published in the literature. Results showed the responses of the simulated skull FE model were consistent with the experimentally reported data.
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| 18. |
- Chang, You, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the power transmission of bone-conducted sound in a finite-element model of the human head
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. - : SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. - 1617-7959 .- 1617-7940. ; 17:6, s. 1741-1755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone conduction (BC) sound is the perception of sound transmitted in the skull bones and surrounding tissues. To better understand BC sound perception and the interaction with surrounding tissues, the power transmission of BC sound is investigated in a three-dimensional finite-element model of a whole human head. BC sound transmission was simulated in the FE model and the power dissipation as well as the power flow following a mechanical vibration at the mastoid process behind the ear was analyzed. The results of the simulations show that the skull bone (comprises the cortical bone and diploe) has the highest BC power flow and thereby provide most power transmission for BC sound. The soft tissues was the second most important media for BC sound power transmission, while the least BC power transmission is through the brain and the surrounding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the cranial vault. The vibrations transmitted in the skull are mainly concentrated at the skull base when the stimulation is at the mastoid. Other vibration transmission pathways of importance are located at the occipital bone at the posterior side of the head while the transmission of sound power through the face, forehead and vertex is minor. The power flow between the skull bone and skull interior indicate that some BC power is transmitted to and from the skull interior but the transmission of sound power through the brain seem to be minimal and only local to the brain-bone interface.
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| 19. |
- Chang, You, et al.
(författare)
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The development of a whole-head human finite-element model for simulation of the transmission of bone-conducted sound
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 140:3, s. 1635-1651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A whole head finite element model for simulation of bone conducted (BC) sound transmission was developed. The geometry and structures were identified from cryosectional images of a female human head and eight different components were included in the model: cerebrospinal fluid, brain, three layers of bone, soft tissue, eye, and cartilage. The skull bone was modeled as a sandwich structure with an inner and outer layer of cortical bone and soft spongy bone (diploe) in between. The behavior of the finite element model was validated against experimental data of mechanical point impedance, vibration of the cochlear promontories, and transcranial BC sound transmission. The experimental data were obtained in both cadaver heads and live humans. The simulations showed multiple low-frequency resonances where the first was caused by rotation of the head and the second was close in frequency to average resonances obtained in cadaver heads. At higher frequencies, the simulation results of the impedance were within one standard deviation of the average experimental data. The acceleration response at the cochlear promontory was overall lower for the simulations compared with experiments but the overall tendencies were similar. Even if the current model cannot predict results in a specific individual, it can be used for understanding the characteristic of BC sound transmission in general. (C) 2016 Acoustical Society of America.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dobrev, Ivo, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of stimulation position on the sensitivity for bone conduction hearing aids without skin penetration
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 55:8, s. 439-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study explores the influence of stimulation position on bone conduction (BC) hearing sensitivity with a BC transducer attached using a headband. Design:(1) The cochlear promontory motion was measured in cadaver heads using laser Doppler vibrometry while seven different positions around the pinna were stimulated using a bone anchored hearing aid transducer attached using a headband. (2) The BC hearing thresholds were measured in human subjects, with the bone vibrator Radioear B71 attached to the same seven stimulation positions. Study sample: Three cadaver heads and twenty participants. Results: Stimulation on a position superior-anterior to the pinna generated the largest promontory motion and the lowest BC thresholds. Stimulations on the positions superior to the pinna, the mastoid, and posterior-inferior to the pinna showed similar magnitudes of promontory motion and similar levels of BC thresholds. Conclusion: Stimulations on the regions superior to the pinna, the mastoid, and posterior-inferior to the pinna provide stable BC transmission, and are insensitive to small changes of the stimulation position. Therefore it is reliable to use the mastoid to determine BC thresholds in clinical audiometry. However, stimulation on a position superior-anterior to the pinna provides more efficient BC transmission than stimulation on the mastoid.
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| 22. |
- Dobrev, Ivo, et al.
(författare)
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Sound wave propagation on the human skull surface with bone conduction stimulation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hearing Research. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0378-5955 .- 1878-5891. ; 355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bone conduction (BC) is an alternative to air conduction to stimulate the inner ear. In general, the stimulation for BC occurs on a specific location directly on the skull bone or through the skin covering the skull bone. The stimulation propagates to the ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea, mainly via the skull bone and possibly via other skull contents. This study aims to investigate the wave propagation on the surface of the skull bone during BC stimulation at the forehead and at ipsilateral mastoid. Methods: Measurements were performed in five human cadaveric whole heads. The electro-magnetic transducer from a BCHA (bone conducting hearing aid), a Baha (R) Cordelle II transducer in particular, was attached to a percutaneously implanted screw or positioned with a 5-Newton steel headband at the mastoid and forehead. The Baha transducer was driven directly with single tone signals in the frequency range of 0.25-8 kHz, while skull bone vibrations were measured at multiple points on the skull using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) system and a 3D LDV system. The 3D velocity components, defined by the 3D LDV measurement coordinate system, have been transformed into tangent (in-plane) and normal (out-of-plane) components in a local intrinsic coordinate system at each measurement point, which is based on the cadaver heads shape, estimated by the spatial locations of all measurement points. Results: Rigid-body-like motion was dominant at low frequencies below 1 kHz, and clear transverse traveling waves were observed at high frequencies above 2 kHz for both measurement systems. The surface waves propagation speeds were approximately 450 m/s at 8 kHz, corresponding trans-cranial time interval of 0.4 ms. The 3D velocity measurements confirmed the complex space and frequency dependent response of the cadaver heads indicated by the ID data from the SLDV system. Comparison between the tangent and normal motion components, extracted by transforming the 3D velocity components into a local coordinate system, indicates that the normal component, with spatially varying phase, is dominant above 2 kHz, consistent with local bending vibration modes and traveling surface waves. Conclusion: Both SLDV and 3D LDV data indicate that sound transmission in the skull bone causes rigid body-like motion at low frequencies whereas transverse deformations and travelling waves were observed above 2 kHz, with propagation speeds of approximately of 450 m/s at 8 kHz. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Eeg-Olofsson, Måns, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Implications for contralateral bone-conducted transmission as measured by cochlear vibrations.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology. - : LWW. - 1537-4505 .- 1531-7129. ; 32:2, s. 192-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The velocity response at the contralateral cochlea from bone-conducted (BC) stimulation depends on the stimulation position.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Eeg-Olofsson, Måns, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of bone conducted sound – Correlation between hearing perception and cochlear vibration
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hearing Research. - : Elsevier. - 0378-5955 .- 1878-5891. ; 306, s. 11-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vibration velocity of the lateral semicircular canal and the cochlear promontory was measured on 16 subjects with a unilateral middle ear common cavity, using a laser Doppler vibrometer, when the stimulation was by bone conduction (BC). Four stimulation positions were used: three ipsilateral positions and one contralateral position. Masked BC pure tone thresholds were measured with the stimulation at the same four positions. Valid vibration data were obtained at frequencies between 0.3 and 5.0 kHz. Large intersubject variation of the results was found with both methods. The difference in cochlear velocity with BC stimulation at the four positions varied as a function of frequency while the tone thresholds showed a tendency of lower thresholds with stimulation at positions close to the cochlea. The correlation between the vibration velocities of the two measuring sites of the otic capsule was high. Also, relative median data showed similar trends for both vibration and threshold measurements. However, due to the high variability for both vibration and perceptual data, low correlation between the two methods was found at the individual level. The results from this study indicated that human hearing perception from BC sound can be estimated from the measure of cochlear vibrations of the otic capsule. It also showed that vibration measurements of the cochlea in cadaver heads are similar to that measured in live humans.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Eeg-Olofsson, Måns, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Transmission of bone-conducted sound in the human skull measured by cochlear vibrations.
- 2008
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Ingår i: International journal of audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1708-8186 .- 1499-2027. ; 47:12, s. 761-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One limitation with the Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (Baha) is too poor amplification for patients with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing losses. Therefore, we investigated if bone conducted (BC) sound transmission improves when the stimulation approaches the cochlea. Also the influence from the squamosal suture on BC sound transmission was investigated. Both sides of the heads on seven human cadavers were used and vibrational stimulation was applied at eight positions on each side with a frequency range of 0.1-10 kHz. A laser Doppler vibrometer was used to measure the resulting velocity of the cochlear promontory. It was found that the velocity of the promontory increases as the stimulation position approaches the cochlea; this was especially apparent at distances within 2.5 cm from the ear canal opening and when the stimulation position was in the opened mastoid. At frequencies above 500 Hz there was on average 10 to 20 dB greater vibrational response at the cochlea when the stimulation was close to the cochlea compared with the normal Baha position. Moreover, even if there were general indications of attenuation of BC sound when passing the squamosal suture, an effect from the suture could not be conclusively determined.
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| 36. |
- Ekberg, Mattias, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Acoustic Features Distinguishing Emotions in Swedish Speech.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Voice. - : Elsevier. - 0892-1997 .- 1873-4588.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have examined which acoustic features of speech can be used to distinguish between different emotions, and how combinations of acoustic parameters contribute to identification of emotions. The aim of the present study was to investigate which acoustic parameters in Swedish speech are most important for differentiation between, and identification of, the emotions anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise in Swedish sentences. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare acoustic parameters between the emotions and both simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the contribution of different acoustic parameters to differentiation between emotions. Results showed differences between emotions for several acoustic parameters in Swedish speech: surprise was the most distinct emotion, with significant differences compared to the other emotions across a range of acoustic parameters, while anger and happiness did not differ from each other on any parameter. The logistic regression models showed that fear was the best-predicted emotion while happiness was most difficult to predict. Frequency- and spectral-balance-related parameters were best at predicting fear. Amplitude- and temporal-related parameters were most important for surprise, while a combination of frequency-, amplitude- and spectral balance-related parameters are important for sadness. Assuming that there are similarities between acoustic models and how listeners infer emotions in speech, results suggest that individuals with hearing loss, who lack abilities of frequency detection, may compared to normal hearing individuals have difficulties in identifying fear in Swedish speech. Since happiness and fear relied primarily on amplitude- and spectral-balance-related parameters, detection of them are probably facilitated more by hearing aid use.
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| 37. |
- Ekberg, Mattias, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of mild-to-moderate sensorineuralhearing loss and signal amplification on vocalemotion recognition in middle-aged–olderindividuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown deficits in vocal emotion recognition in sub-populations of individuals with hearing loss, making this a high priority research topic. However, previousresearch has only examined vocal emotion recognition using verbal material, in which emotions are expressed through emotional prosody. There is evidence that older individualswith hearing loss suffer from deficits in general prosody recognition, not specific to emotionalprosody. No study has examined the recognition of non-verbal vocalization, which constitutes another important source for the vocal communication of emotions. It might be thecase that individuals with hearing loss have specific difficulties in recognizing emotionsexpressed through prosody in speech, but not non-verbal vocalizations. We aim to examinewhether vocal emotion recognition difficulties in middle- aged-to older individuals with sensorineural mild-moderate hearing loss are better explained by deficits in vocal emotion recognition specifically, or deficits in prosody recognition generally by including both sentencesand non-verbal expressions. Furthermore a, some of the studies which have concluded thatindividuals with mild-moderate hearing loss have deficits in vocal emotion recognition abilityhave also found that the use of hearing aids does not improve recognition accuracy in thisgroup. We aim to examine the effects of linear amplification and audibility on the recognitionof different emotions expressed both verbally and non-verbally. Besides examining accuracy for different emotions we will also look at patterns of confusion (which specific emotionsare mistaken for other specific emotion and at which rates) during both amplified and nonamplified listening, and we will analyze all material acoustically and relate the acoustic content to performance. Together these analyses will provide clues to effects of amplification onthe perception of different emotions. For these purposes, a total of 70 middle-aged-olderindividuals, half with mild-moderate hearing loss and half with normal hearing will perform acomputerized forced-choice vocal emotion recognition task with and without amplification
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| 38. |
- Feeney, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Consensus statement : Eriksholm workshop on wideband absorbance measures of the middle ear
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ear and Hearing. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-0202 .- 1538-4667. ; 34:Supplement 1, s. 78s-79s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The participants in the Eriksholm Workshop on Wideband Absorbance Measures of the Middle Ear developed statements for this consensus article on the final morning of the Workshop. The presentations of the first 2 days of the Workshop motivated the discussion on that day. The article is divided into three general areas: terminology; research needs; and clinical application.The varied terminology in the area was seen as potentially confusing, and there was consensus on adopting an organizational structure that grouped the family of measures into the term wideband acoustic immittance (WAI), and dropped the term transmittance in favor of absorbance. There is clearly still a need to conduct research on WAI measurements. Several areas of research were emphasized, including the establishment of a greater WAI normative database, especially developmental norms, and more data on a variety of disorders; increased research on the temporal aspects of WAI; and methods to ensure the validity of test data. The area of clinical application will require training of clinicians in WAI technology. The clinical implementation of WAI would be facilitated by developing feature detectors for various pathologies that, for example, might combine data across ear-canal pressures or probe frequencies.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Hato, Naohito, et al.
(författare)
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Three-dimensional stapes footplate motion in human temporal bones
- 2003
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Ingår i: Audiology & neuro-otology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-3030 .- 1421-9700. ; 8:3, s. 140-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature provides conflicting information on whether the motion of the stapes footplate is piston-like or some other type of motion, such as rotational or rocking. Examination of the three-dimensional (3D) motion of the stapes footplate appears to be an excellent way to understand this complicated motion. Five microsphere reflective targets were placed on the stapes footplate in ten fresh human cadaver temporal bone preparations, and their vibration measured through an extended facial recess approach using a laser Doppler vibrometer. The five target sites on the stapes footplate were center, anterior, posterior, superior and inferior. The stimulus was a sound input of 80–120 dB SPL at the tympanic membrane over a frequency range of 0.1 to 10 kHz. The 3D motion of the stapes footplate was calculated using the velocity amplitude and phase obtained for each target. For frequencies up to 1.0 kHz the vibration of the stapes footplate was primarily piston-like; this motion became complex at higher frequencies, with rotary motion along both the long and short axis of the footplate. When the cochlea was drained, stapes footplate motion became essentially piston-like for all frequencies.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Hato, Naohito, et al.
(författare)
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Time delay of acoustic transmission in human middle ear
- 2004
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Ingår i: Middle Ear Mechanics in Research and Otology. - Singapore : World Scientific Publishing Co.. - 9812386033 - 9789812386038 ; , s. 51-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book aims to facilitate the exchange of ideas between otosurgeons and engineers on common topics such as middle ear function, tympanoplasty, implantable hearing devices and ear prostheses. Due to recent advances in technology, gene-therapy and tissue-engineering procedures will also be important issues in the treatment of middle ear
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hengen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Voice Quality and Voice-Related Problems Among Older Adults With Hearing Impairments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. - : AMER SPEECH-LANGUAGE-HEARING ASSOC. - 1092-4388 .- 1558-9102. ; 61:9, s. 2168-2178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The auditory system helps regulate phonation. A speakers perception of their own voice is likely to be of both emotional and functional significance. Although many investigations have observed deviating voice qualities in individuals who are prelingually deaf or profoundly hearing impaired, less is known regarding how older adults with acquired hearing impairments perceive their own voice and potential voice problems. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate problems relating to phonation and self-perceived voice sound quality in older adults based on hearing ability and the use of hearing aids. Method: This was a cross-sectional study, with 290 participants divided into 3 groups (matched by age and gender): (a) individuals with hearing impairments who did not use hearing aids (n = 110), (b) individuals with hearing impairments who did use hearing aids (n = 110), and (c) individuals with no hearing impairments (n = 70). All participants underwent a pure-tone audiometry exam; completed standardized questionnaires regarding their hearing, voice, and general health; and were recorded speaking in a soundproof room. Results: The hearing aid users surpassed the benchmarks for having a voice disorder on the Voice Handicap Index (VHI; Jacobson et al., 1997) at almost double the rate predicted by the Swedish normative values for their age range, although there was no significant difference in acoustical measures between any of the groups. Both groups with hearing impairments scored significantly higher on the VHI than the control group, indicating more impairment. It remains inconclusive how much hearing loss versus hearing aids separately contribute to the difference in voice problems. The total scores on the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (Ventry amp; Weinstein, 1982), in combination with the variables gender and age, explained 21.9% of the variance on the VHI. Perceiving ones own voice as being distorted, dull, or hollow had a strong negative association with a general satisfaction about the sound quality of ones own voice. In addition, groupwise differences in own-voice descriptions suggest that a negative perception of ones voice could be influenced by alterations caused by hearing aid processing. Conclusions: The results indicate that hearing impairments and hearing aids affect several aspects of vocal satisfaction in older adults. A greater understanding of how hearing impairments and hearing aids relate to voice problems may contribute to better voice and hearing care.
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| 47. |
- Hengen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of Ones Own Voice After Hearing-Aid Fitting for Naive Hearing-Aid Users and Hearing-Aid Refitting for Experienced Hearing-Aid Users
- 2020
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Ingår i: TRENDS IN HEARING. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 2331-2165. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissatisfaction with the sound of ones own voice is common among hearing-aid users. Little is known regarding how hearing impairment and hearing aids separately affect own-voice perception. This study examined own-voice perception and associated issues before and after a hearing-aid fitting for new hearing-aid users and refitting for experienced users to investigate whether it was possible to differentiate between the effect of (unaided) hearing impairment and hearing aids. Further aims were to investigate whether First-Time and Experienced users as well as users with dome and mold inserts differed in the severity of own-voice problems. The study had a cohort design with three groups: First-Time hearing-aid users going from unaided to aided hearing (n = 70), Experienced hearing-aid users replacing their old hearing aids (n = 70), and an unaided control group (n = 70). The control group was surveyed once and the hearing-aid users twice; once before hearing-aid fitting/refitting and once after. The results demonstrated that own-voice problems are common among both First-Time and Experienced hearing-aid users with either dome- or mold-type fittings, while people with near-normal hearing and not using hearing aids report few problems. Hearing aids increased ratings of own-voice problems among First-Time users, particularly those with mold inserts. The results suggest that altered auditory feedback through unaided hearing impairment or through hearing aids is likely both to change own-voice perception and complicate regulation of vocal intensity, but hearing aids are the primary reason for poor perceived sound quality of ones own voice.
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| 48. |
- Hjertman, Heléne, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish hearing in noise test for children, HINT-C
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-5876 .- 1872-8464. ; 141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Swedish version of the Hearing In Noise Test for Children (HINT-C).DESIGN: In the first part, the Swedish HINT lists for adults was evaluated by children at three signal to noise ratios (SNRs), -4, -1 and +2 dB. Lists including sentences not reaching 50% recognition at +2 dB SNR were excluded and the rest constituted the HINT-C. In the second part, HINT-C was evaluated in children and adults using an adaptive procedure to determine the SNR for 50% correctly repeated sentences. Study Sample In the first part, 112 children aged 6-11 years participated while another 28 children and 9 adults participated in the second part.RESULTS: Eight out of 24 tested adult HINT lists did not reach the inclusion criteria. The remaining 16 lists formed the Swedish HINT-C which was evaluated in children 6-11 years old. A regression analysis showed that the predicted SNR threshold (dB) was 0.495-0.365*age (years + months/12) and the children reached the mean adult score at an age of 10.5 years.CONCLUSIONS: A Swedish version of HINT-C was developed and evaluated in children six years and older.
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| 49. |
- Håkansson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A novel bone conduction implant (BCI)
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2<sup>nd</sup> Int Symposium on Bone Conduction Hearing – Craniofacial Osseointegration, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 50. |
- Håkansson, Bo, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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A novel bone conduction implant (BCI): engineering aspects and pre-clinical studies.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International journal of audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1499-2027 .- 1708-8186. ; 49:3, s. 203-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Percutaneous bone anchored hearing aids (BAHA) are today an important rehabilitation alternative for patients suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss. Despite their success they are associated with drawbacks such as skin infections, accidental or spontaneous loss of the bone implant, and patient refusal for treatment due to stigma. A novel bone conduction implant (BCI) system has been proposed as an alternative to the BAHA system because it leaves the skin intact. Such a BCI system has now been developed and the encapsulated transducer uses a non-screw attachment to a hollow recess of the lateral portion of the temporal bone. The aim of this study is to describe the basic engineering principals and some preclinical results obtained with the new BCI system. Laser Doppler vibrometer measurements on three cadaver heads show that the new BCI system produces 0-10 dB higher maximum output acceleration level at the ipsilateral promontory relative to conventional ear-level BAHA at speech frequencies. At the contralateral promontory the maximum output acceleration level was considerably lower for the BCI than for the BAHA.
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