| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Jan Patočka and the Phenomenology of Life After Death. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031495472 - 9783031495489 ; , s. 1-11
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From its very inception philosophy has been preoccupied with death, so much so that many philosophers have received the reputation of being somber, melancholic, and morbid in nature. By continuously reflecting on the meaning and nature of death, philosophers have seemingly been shrouded in darkness to such an extent that their contemporaries considered them to be dead long before they met their own demise. While this image of the moribund philosopher can certainly be questioned, the fact remains that many philosophers, and then especially the ancient ones, have insisted that there is an essential relation between philosophical thought and death. A life dedicated to philosophy would, it seems, at the same time imply a life lived in the shadow of death.
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| 3. |
- Friman (Fridahl), Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Historical responsibility for climate change : science and the science-policy interface
- 2014
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1757-7780 .- 1757-7799. ; 5:3, s. 297-316
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1990, the academic literature on historical responsibility (HR) for climate change has grown considerably. Over these years, the approaches to defining this responsibility have varied considerably. This article demonstrates how this variation can be explained by combining various defining aspects of historical contribution and responsibility. Scientific knowledge that takes for granted choices among defining aspects will likely become a basis for distrust within science, among negotiators under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and elsewhere. On the other hand, for various reasons, not all choices can be explicated at all times. In this article, we examine the full breadth of complexities involved in scientifically defining HR and discuss how these complexities have consequences for the science-policy interface concerning HR. To this end, we review and classify the academic literature on historical contributions to and responsibility for climate change into categories of defining aspects. One immediately policy-relevant conclusion emerges from this exercise: Coupled with negotiators' highly divergent understandings of historical responsibility, the sheer number of defining aspects makes it virtually impossible to offer scientific advice without creating distrust in certain parts of the policy circle. This conclusion suggests that scientific attempts to narrow the options for policymakers will have little chance of succeeding unless policymakers first negotiate a clearer framework for historical responsibility. For further resources related to this article, please visit the . Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
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| 4. |
- Friman, Mathias, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Historical responsibility for climate change : defining aspects
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since 1990, the academic literature on historical responsibility for climate change has grown considerably. Over these years, the approaches to defining this responsibility have varied considerably. This article demonstrates how this variation can be explained with reference to combining various aspects in defining of historic contribution and responsibility without always explicating them. Scientific knowledge that takes choices among defining aspects for granted is likely to become a foundation for distrust, both within science and among negotiators under UNFCCC and elsewhere. On the other hand, for various reasons, not all choices can be explicated at all times. This article is intended to guide those who need to evaluate the assumptions underlying specific claims regarding historical responsibility. As such, the article aims to map, review, and analytically classify the academic literature on historic contributions to and responsibility for climate change into categories of defining aspects. One immediately policy--‐relevant conclusion emerges from this exercise: Coupled with negotiators’ highly divergent understandings of historical responsibility, the sheer number of defining aspects makes it virtually impossible to offer scientific advice without creating distrust in certain parts of the policy circle. This conclusion suggests that any scientific attempt to establish historical responsibility will have little relevance to actual policy unless policymakers first negotiate a clearer framework for its establishment.
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| 5. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of Regional Change : Land Cover
- 2015
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Ingår i: Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319160054 - 9783319160061 ; , s. 453-477
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) is one of the few climate forcings for which the net direction of the climate response over the last two centuries is still not known. The uncertainty is due to the often counteracting temperature responses to the many biogeophysical effects and to the biogeochemical versus biogeophysical effects. Palaeoecological studies show that the major transformation of the landscape by anthropogenic activities in the southern zone of the Baltic Sea basin occurred between 6000 and 3000/2500 cal year BP. The only modelling study of the biogeophysical effects of past ALCCs on regional climate in north-western Europe suggests that deforestation between 6000 and 200 cal year BP may have caused significant change in winter and summer temperature. There is no indication that deforestation in the Baltic Sea area since AD 1850 would have been a major cause of the recent climate warming in the region through a positive biogeochemical feedback. Several model studies suggest that boreal reforestation might not be an effective climate warming mitigation tool as it might lead to increased warming through biogeophysical processes.
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| 6. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, et al.
(författare)
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From land cover-climate relationships at the subcontinental scale to land cover-environment relationships at the regional and local spatial scale – the contribution of pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of vegetation cover using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Towards a more accurate quantification of human-environment interactions in the past. ; , s. 25-26
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (Sugita 2007a,b) includes two models, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) that estimates vegetation abundance (% cover) within an area of ca. 100 km x 100 km, and LOVE (LOcal Vegetation Estimates) that estimates vegetation abundance at the local spatial scale, i.e. within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen (RSAP sensu Sugita, 2004) that is the smallest area around the study site for which the reconstruction is valid. The RSAP is estimated by the LOVE model and varies between sites and vegetation settings; so far, it was estimated to vary between < 1 - < 10 km in most ecological settings of the Holocene in NW Europe. We used the REVEALS model and over 600 pollen records from pollen data bases and individual researchers to reconstruct land-cover in NW Europe N of the Alps for key time windows of the Holocene in order to assess model-based reconstructions of anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) (e.g. Kaplan et al., 2009) and model (LPJ-GUESS) simulations of past potential (climate-induced vegetation), and to study past land cover – climate interactions using a regional climate model (RCA3). We used the REVEALS model and the complete LRA approach (REVEALS + LOVE models) along with two pollen records from large lakes and three pollen records from small bogs to reconstruct the local-scale land-cover in central Småland, southern Sweden, to study the relationship between vegetation composition, fire, climate and human impact at the regional and local spatial scales with the objective to discuss biodiversity issues. Our results suggest that i) past subcontinental to regional ALCC did influence regional climate through biogeophysical processes at the landatmosphere interface (Strandberg et al., submitted), and ii) local land-cover change, both natural and anthropogenic, govern environmental changes such as fire and biodiversity (Cui et al., 2013; Cui et al., submitted).
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| 7. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, et al.
(författare)
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Has anthropogenic land-cover change been a significant climate forcing in the past? : An assessment for the Baltic Sea catchment area based on a literature review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reviewed the recent published scientific literature on land cover-climate interactions at the global and regional spatial scales with the aim to assess whether it is convincingly demonstrated that anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) has been (over the last centuries and millennia) a significant climate forcing at the global scale, and more specifically at the scale of the Baltic Sea catchment area. The conclusions from this review are as follows: i) anthropogenic land-cover change (ALCC) is one of the few climate forcings for which the net direction of the climate response in the past is still not known. The uncertainty is due to the often counteracting temperature responses to the many biogeophysical effects, and to the biogeochemical vs biogeophysical effects; ii) there is no indication that deforestation in the Baltic Sea area since AD 1850 would have been a major cause of the recent climate warming in the region through a positive biogeochemical feedback; iii) several model studies suggest that boreal reforestation might not be an effective climate warming mitigation tool as it might lead to increased warming through biogeophysical processes; iv) palaeoecological studies indicate a major transformation of the landscape by anthropogenic activities in the southern zone of the study region occurring between 6000 and 3000/2500 calendar years before present (cal. BP) (1) ; v) the only modelling study so far of the biogeophysical effects of past ALCCs on regional climate in Europe suggests that a deforestation of the magnitude of that reconstructed for the past (between 6000 and 200 cal BP) can produce changes in winter and summer temperatures of +/- 1, the sign of the change depending on the season and the region (2). Thus, if ALCC and their biogeophysical effects did matter in the past, they should matter today and in the future. A still prevailing idea is that planting trees will mitigate climate warming through biogeochemical effects. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to better understand the biogeophysical effects on regional and continental climate of afforestation in the hemiboreal and boreal regions, and their significance in relation to the biogeochemical effects.
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| 8. |
- Gaillard, Marie-José, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Land cover-climate interactions in the past for the understanding of current and future climate change : the LANDCLIM project
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Global Land Project 2nd Open Science Meeting, Berlin,<em> </em>March 19<sup>th</sup> – 21<sup>st</sup>, 2014. - Amsterdam/Berlin/Sao Paulo : Global Land Project. ; , s. 229-230
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The LANDCLIM (LAND cover – CLIMate interactions in NW Europe during the Holocene) project has the overall aim to quantify human-induced changes in regional vegetation/land-cover in northwestern and western Europe North of the Alps during the Holocene (the last 11 500 years) with the purpose to evaluate and further refine the dynamic vegetation model LPJGUESS and the regional climate model RCA3, and to assess the possible effects on the climate development of two historical processes, i.e. climate-driven changes in vegetation and human-induced changes in land cover, via the influence of forested versus non-forested land cover on shortwave albedo, energy and water fluxes. Accounting for land surface changes may be particularly important for regional climate modeling, as the biophysical feedbacks operate at this scale. The aims of the LANDCLIM project are achieved by applying a model-data comparison scheme. The REVEALS model is used to estimate land cover from pollen data for 10 plant functional types (PFTs) and 5 time windows of the Holocene - modern time, 200 BP, 500 BP, 3000 BP and 6000 BP. The REVEALS estimates are then compared to the LPJGUESS simulations of potential vegetation and with the ALCC scenarios of Kaplan et al. (KK10) and Klein-Goldewijk et al. (HYDE). The alternative descriptions of past land-cover are then used in the regional climate model RCA3 to study the effect of anthropogenic land-cover on climate. The model-simulated climate is finally compared to palaeoclimate proxies other than pollen. The REVEALS estimates demonstrate that the study region was characterized by larger areas of human-induced openland than pollen percentages suggest, and that these areas were already very large by 3000 BP. The KK10 scenarios were found to be closer to the REVEALS estimates than the HYDE scenarios. LPJGUESS simulates potential climate-induced vegetation. The results from the RCA3 runs at 200 BP and 6000 BP using the LPJGUESS and KK10 land-cover descriptions indicate that past human-induced deforestation did produce a decrease in summer temperatures of >0 - 1.5°C due to biogeophysical processes, and that the degree of decrease differed between regions; the effect of human-induced deforestation on winter temperatures was shown to be more complex. The positive property of forests as CO2 sinks is well known. But afforestation (i.e. planting forest) may also have the opposite effect of warming the climate through biogeophysical processes. Careful studies on land cover-climate interactions are essential to understand the net result of all possible processes related to anthropogenic land-cover change so that relevant landscape management can be implemented for mitigation of climate warming.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Garmabaki, A.H.S., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing climate-induced risks to urban railway infrastructure
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management. - : Springer. - 0975-6809 .- 0976-4348.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change and its severe impacts pose a number of challenges to transport infrastructure, particularly railway infrastructure, requiring immediate action. A railway system is a linear distributed asset passing different geographical locations and exposed to heterogeneous vulnerabilities under diverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, most of the railway infrastructure assets were designed and built without in-depth analysis of future climate impacts. This paper considers the effects of extreme temperatures on urban railway infrastructure assets, including rail, “switches and crossings”. The data for this study were gathered by exploring various railway infrastructure and meteorological databases over 19 years. In addition, a comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of Swedish railway infrastructure, railway maintenance companies, and municipalities has been conducted to assess the risks posed by climate change. A risk and vulnerability assessment framework for railway infrastructure assets is developed. The study shows that track buckling and vegetation fires due to the effect of hot temperatures and rail defects and breakage due to the effect of cold temperatures pose a medium risk. On the other hand, supportability losses due to cold temperatures are classified as high risk. The impact analysis helps infrastructure managers systematically identify and prioritize climate risks and develop appropriate climate adaptation measures and actions to cope with future climate change impacts.
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| 11. |
- Garmabaki, Amir Soleimani, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change Impact Assessment on Railway Maintenance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2022). - Singapore : Research Publishing.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern societies have become more and more complex, interconnected, and heavily dependent ontransport infrastructure. Moreover, most transport infrastructures were conceptualized, designed and built withoutanticipating the future variations of climate change. Climate changes have a negative impact on the railway systemand related costs. Increased temperatures, precipitation, sea levels, and frequency of extremely adverse weatherevents such as floods, heatwaves, and heavy snowfall pose major risks and consequences for railway infrastructureassets, operations and maintenance. Approximately, 5 to 10% of total failures and 60% of delays of trains are dueto various climate change impacts of railway infrastructure in northern Europe. In Sweden, weather-related failureswere responsible for 50% of train delays in switches and crossings (S&C).The paper explores a pathway toward climate resilience in transport networks and assess the climate change impactson railway infrastructure by integrating transport infrastructure health information with meteorological, satellite,and expert knowledge. The paper provides recommendations considering adaptation options to ensure an effectiveand efficient railway transport operation and maintenance.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Githumbi, Esther, et al.
(författare)
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Holocene quantitative pollen-based vegetation reconstructions in Europe for climate modelling: LandClim II
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding land use and land cover (LULC) change through time is an important aspect when attempting to interpret human-environment interactions through time. Palaeoenvironmental techniques have been crucial in bridging this gap by providing information that has been used to estimate climate change, vegetation change, sea level change etc. through time using a variety of proxies. Producing quantitative land-cover reconstructions has been an aim and a challenge with several methods attempted during the decades. In this project, we use the REVEALS model has been tested and validated in several regions of the world.We use REVEALS-based quantitative reconstructions of vegetation change to investigate the biogeochemical and biogeophysical forcings of land-cover change on climate. In the first phase of this project, LandClim I, quantitative vegetation reconstructions were produced for Europe (Mediterranean area excluded) focusing on five time windows of the Holocene between 6ka BP and present. The results from a regional climate model showed that the impact of the reconstructed LULC between 6 ka and 0.2 ka BP via biogeophysical forcing varied geographically and seasonally. We present the REVEALS quantitative pollen-based vegetation reconstruction from the ongoing second phase of the project LandClim II “Quantification of the biogeophysical and biogeochemical forcings from anthropogenic deforestation on regional Holocene climate in Europe”. This reconstruction covers entire Europe and is transient over the Holocene with a time resolution of 500 years between 11.2 and 0.7ka BP, and 100 to 300 years from 0.7ka BP to modern time.
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| 14. |
- Israelsson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Lightning discharges in Sweden and along the Swedish coast line.
- 2003
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Ingår i: 12th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity. - 2725700078 ; , s. 769-74
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lightning discharges in Sweden and along the Swedish coast line have been studied and especially the effects of different meteorological parameters have been treated.
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| 15. |
- Jestin Hannan, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in multidisciplinary cancer conferences of esophageal and gastroesophageal junctional cancer regarding staging, resectability and treatment allocation – a multicenter study
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: There are differences in esophageal cancer care across different regions in Sweden. According to Swedish national guidelines, all patients diagnosed with these tumors should be individually evaluated by regional multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs) to be recommended best possible treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate differences between the regional MCCs in Sweden regarding clinical staging and recommended treatment.Method: Representatives for all six regional MCCs were invited to contribute with ten retrospective consecutive cases each. After anonymization radiological investigations were presented, along with the original case-specific medical history, anew at all participating regional MCCs. Each MCCs’ clinical Tumor Nodal Metastasis classification (cTNM) and treatment recommendation (curative, palliative or best supportive care) were compared between MCCs as well as with the original assessment. Results: Five regional MCCs joined the study. Out of 50 available cases the majority were assessed anew in addition to the previous original assessment. There was not consensus among the regional MCCs regarding cT-stage in 42 cases (84%), cN-stage in 33 cases (66%), and for cM-stage in 16 cases (32%). Differences in appraisal were not associated with PET-CT availability. The MCCs agreed on treatment recommendations in 26/50 cases (52%). Discussion: The study shows differences, both in assessment of cTNM as well as treatment recommendations at different MCCs. A patient recommended curative treatment by one MCC could be suggested palliative care by another. To achieve more equal care for esophageal cancer patients in Sweden it is essential to increase consensus on cTNM and recommended treatment.
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| 16. |
- Jestin Hannan, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in multidisciplinary team assessment on esophageal cancer patients in Sweden : a multicentre study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diseases of the esophagus. - : Oxford University Press. - 1120-8694 .- 1442-2050. ; 35:Suppl. 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are differences in esophageal cancer care across different counties in Sweden. According to national guidelines, all patients should be offered equal care which should be administrated by regional multidisciplinary cancer conferences (MCCs). The aim of the study was to investigate differences between the six regional MCCs in Sweden regarding clinical stageing and recommended treatment.Ten consecutive cases per participating center, 60 cases in total, were planned for inclusion. After anonymization the radiological investigations were presented, along with the original case-specific medical history, anew at the six regional MCCs. Estimation of clinical TNM and treatment allocation (curative, palliative or best supportive care) were compared between MCCs as well as with the original assessment. Interim analysis was performed in April 2022 when ten cases had been presented at five of the six regional MCCs.All available cases were assessed at five MCCs in addition to the previous original assessment (60 assessments). The mean age for the first ten cases was 74.8 years (SD ± 9.8 years). Eight out of ten cases were men. In estimations of T- and N-stage the MCCs agreed in only one out of ten cases. In half of the cases more than three different estimations of N-stage were made. For clinical M-stage there was exact agreement in three cases. In determination of recommended treatment, all five MCCs were in agreement on half of the cases.Preliminary data show striking differences, both in assessment of TNM as well as treatment recommendation at different MCCs. One patient, recommended curative treatment by one MCC could be allocated to palliative care by another. Inclusion is ongoing and further analysis of these differences are warranted to achieve more equal care for esophageal cancer patients in Sweden.
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| 17. |
- Jolin, Shan Williams, et al.
(författare)
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Multipartite entanglement in a microwave frequency comb
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Significant progress has been made with multipartite entanglement of discrete qubits, but continuous variable systems may provide a more scalable path toward entanglement of large ensembles. We demonstrate multipartite entanglement in a microwave frequency comb generated by a Josephson parametric amplifier subject to a bichromatic pump. We find 64 correlated modes in the transmission line using a multifrequency digital signal processing platform. Full inseparability is verified in a subset of seven modes. Our method can be expanded to generate even more entangled modes in the near future.
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| 18. |
- Jolin, Shan Williams, et al.
(författare)
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Multipartite Entanglement in a Microwave Frequency Comb
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 130:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress has been made with multipartite entanglement of discrete qubits, but continuous variable systems may provide a more scalable path toward entanglement of large ensembles. We demonstrate multipartite entanglement in a microwave frequency comb generated by a Josephson parametric amplifier subject to a bichromatic pump. We find 64 correlated modes in the transmission line using a multifrequency digital signal processing platform. Full inseparability is verified in a subset of seven modes. Our method can be expanded to generate even more entangled modes in the near future.
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| 19. |
- Kasraei, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change impacts assessment on railway infrastructure in urban environments
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable cities and society. - : Elsevier. - 2210-6707. ; 101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change impacts can escalate the deteriorating rate of infrastructures and impact the infrastructure’s functionality, safety, operation and maintenance (O&M). This research explores climate change’s influence on urban railway infrastructure. Given the geographical diversity of Sweden, the railway network is divided into different climate zones utilizing the K-means algorithm. Reliability analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model is proposed to integrate meteorological parameters and operational factors to predict the degree of impacts of different climatic parameters on railway infrastructure assets. The proposed methodology is validated by selecting a number of switches and crossings (S&Cs), which are critical components in railways for changing the route, located in different urban railway stations across various climate zones in Sweden. The study explores various databases and proposes a climatic feature to identify climate-related risks of S&C assets. Furthermore, different meteorological covariates are analyzed to understand better the dependency between asset health and meteorological parameters. Infrastructure asset managers can tailor suitable climate adaptation measures based on geographical location, asset age, and other life cycle parameters by identifying vulnerable assets and determining significant covariates. Sensitivity analysis of significant covariates at one of the urban railway stations shows precipitation increment reveal considerable variation in the asset reliability.
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| 20. |
- Kjellström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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European climate change at global mean temperature increases of 1.5 and 2 degrees C above pre-industrial conditions as simulated by the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 9:2, s. 459-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate European regional climate change for time periods when the global mean temperature has increased by 1.5 and 2 degrees C compared to pre-industrial conditions. Results are based on regional downscaling of transient climate change simulations for the 21st century with global climate models (GCMs) from the fifth-phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We use an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations undertaken at a computational grid of 12.5 km horizontal resolution covering Europe. The ensemble consists of a range of RCMs that have been used for downscaling different GCMs under the RCP8.5 forcing scenario. The results indicate considerable near-surface warming already at the lower 1.5 degrees C of warming. Regional warming exceeds that of the global mean in most parts of Europe, being the strongest in the northernmost parts of Europe in winter and in the southernmost parts of Europe together with parts of Scandinavia in summer. Changes in precipitation, which are less robust than the ones in temperature, include increases in the north and decreases in the south with a borderline that migrates from a northerly position in summer to a southerly one in winter. Some of these changes are already seen at 1.5 degrees C of warming but are larger and more robust at 2 degrees C. Changes in near-surface wind speed are associated with a large spread among individual ensemble members at both warming levels. Relatively large areas over the North Atlantic and some parts of the continent show decreasing wind speed while some ocean areas in the far north show increasing wind speed. The changes in temperature, precipitation and wind speed are shown to be modified by changes in mean sea level pressure, indicating a strong relationship with the large-scale circulation and its internal variability on decade-long timescales. By comparing to a larger ensemble of CMIP5 GCMs we find that the RCMs can alter the results, leading either to attenuation or amplification of the climate change signal in the underlying GCMs. We find that the RCMs tend to produce less warming and more precipitation (or less drying) in many areas in both winter and summer.
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| 21. |
- Kjellström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Production and use of regional climate model projections – A Swedish perspective on building climate services
- 2016
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Ingår i: Climate Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8807. ; 2-3, s. 15-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the process of building a climate service centred on regional climate model results from the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4. The climate service has as its central facility a web service provided by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute where users can get an idea of various aspects of climate change from a suite of maps, diagrams, explaining texts and user guides. Here we present the contents of the web service and how this has been designed and developed in collaboration with users of the service in a dialogue reaching over more than a decade. We also present the ensemble of climate projections with RCA4 that provides the fundamental climate information presented at the web service. In this context, RCA4 has been used to downscale nine different coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) from the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to 0.44° (c. 50 km) horizontal resolution over Europe. Further, we investigate how this ensemble relates to the CMIP5 ensemble. We find that the iterative approach involving the users of the climate service has been successful as the service is widely used and is an important source of information for work on climate adaptation in Sweden. The RCA4 ensemble samples a large degree of the spread in the CMIP5 ensemble implying that it can be used to illustrate uncertainties and robustness in future climate change in Sweden. The results also show that RCA4 changes results compared to the underlying AOGCMs, sometimes in a systematic way.
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| 22. |
- Kjellström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated climate conditions in Europe during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 stadial
- 2010
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 39:2, s. 436-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- State-of-the-art climate models were used to simulate climate conditions in Europe during Greenland Stadial (GS) 12 at 44 ka BP. The models employed for these simulations were: (i) a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate model (AOGCM), and (ii) a regional atmospheric climate model (RCM) to dynamically downscale results from the global model for a more detailed investigation of European climate conditions. The vegetation was simulated off-line by a dynamic vegetation model forced by the climate from the RCM. The resulting vegetation was then compared with the a priori vegetation used in the first simulation. In a subsequent step, the RCM was rerun to yield a new climate more consistent with the simulated vegetation. Forcing conditions included orbital forcing, land-sea distribution, ice-sheet configuration, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations representative for 44 ka BP. The results show a cold climate on the global scale, with global annual mean surface temperatures 5 degrees C colder than the modern climate. This is still significantly warmer than temperatures derived from the same model system for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Regional, northern European climate is much colder than today, but still significantly warmer than during the LGM. Comparisons between the simulated climate and proxy-based sea-surface temperature reconstructions show that the results are in broad agreement, albeit with a possible cold bias in parts of the North Atlantic in summer. Given a prescribed restricted Marine Isotope Stage 3 ice-sheet configuration, with large ice-free regions in Sweden and Finland, the AOGCM and RCM model simulations produce a cold and dry climate in line with the restricted ice-sheet configuration during GS 12. The simulated temperature climate, with prescribed ice-free conditions in south-central Fennoscandia, is favourable for the development of permafrost, but does not allow local ice-sheet formation as all snow melts during summer.
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| 23. |
- Kjellström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Simulated climate conditions in Fennoscandia during a MIS 3 stadial
- 2010
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Ingår i: Boreas. - : Wiley. - 0300-9483 .- 1502-3885. ; 39:2, s. 436-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- State-of-the-art climate models were used to simulate climate conditions in Europe during Greenland Stadial (GS) 12 at 44 ka BP. The models employed for these simulations were: (i) a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean global climate model (AOGCM), and (ii) a regional atmospheric climate model (RCM) to dynamically downscale results from the global model for a more detailed investigation of European climate conditions. The vegetation was simulated off-line by a dynamic vegetation model forced by the climate from the RCM. The resulting vegetation was then compared with the a priori vegetation used in the first simulation. In a subsequent step, the RCM was rerun to yield a new climate more consistent with the simulated vegetation. Forcing conditions included orbital forcing, land–sea distribution, ice-sheet configuration, and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations representative for 44 ka BP. The results show a cold climate on the global scale, with global annual mean surface temperatures 5 °C colder than the modern climate. This is still significantly warmer than temperatures derived from the same model system for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Regional, northern European climate is much colder than today, but still significantly warmer than during the LGM. Comparisons between the simulated climate and proxy-based sea-surface temperature reconstructions show that the results are in broad agreement, albeit with a possible cold bias in parts of the North Atlantic in summer. Given a prescribed restricted Marine Isotope Stage 3 ice-sheet configuration, with large ice-free regions in Sweden and Finland, the AOGCM and RCM model simulations produce a cold and dry climate in line with the restricted ice-sheet configuration during GS 12. The simulated temperature climate, with prescribed ice-free conditions in south-central Fennoscandia, is favourable for the development of permafrost, but does not allow local ice-sheet formation as all snow melts during summer.
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| 24. |
- Koenigk, Torben, et al.
(författare)
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On the contribution of internal climate variability to European future climate trends
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography. - : Stockholm University Press. - 0280-6495 .- 1600-0870. ; 72:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large historical and future ensemble simulations from the Max-Planck Institute and the Canadian Earth System Models and from CMIP5 have been analysed to investigate the uncertainty due to internal variability in multi-decadal temperature and precipitation trends over Europe. Internal variability dominates the uncertainties in temperature and precipitation trends in all seasons at 30-year time scales. Locally, seasonal 30-year temperature trends deviate up to +/- 3 degrees C from the ensemble mean trend. Thus, in the entire of Europe, local seasonal temperature changes until year 2050 from below -1 degrees C up to more than 4 degrees C are possible according to the model results. Up to 30% of all ensemble members show negative temperature trends until year 2050 in winter, up to 10% of the members in summer. Uncertainties of 30-year precipitation trends due to internal variability exceed the trends almost everywhere in Europe. Only in few European regions more than 75% of the members agree on the sign of the change until year 2050. In southern Sweden, minimum and maximum winter (summer) temperature trends in the next 30years differ with up to 7 degrees C (5 degrees C) between individual members of the large model ensembles. Large positive temperature trends are linked to positive (negative) precipitation trends in winter (summer) in southern Sweden. This variability is attributed to the variability in large scale atmospheric circulation trends, mainly due to internal atmospheric variability. We find only weak linkages between the variability of temperature trends and the dominant decadal to multi-decadal climate modes. This indicates that there is limited potential to predict the multi-decadal variability in climate trends. The main findings from our study are robust across the large ensembles from the different models used in this study but at the local scale, the results depend also on the choice of the model.
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| 25. |
- Larsson, Victoria, et al.
(författare)
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Living with dementia with Lewy bodies: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To explore the subjective experience of living with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Design A qualitative study of in-depth interviews using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Setting A memory clinic in Malmö, southern Sweden.Participants A purposive sample of five male participants with DLB between the ages of 78 and 88 years and disease duration of 1.5–7 years.Results Three themes were identified in relation to the participants’ experiences of living with DLB: (1) disease impact, in terms of symptom experience and restricted participation and activities; (2) self-perception and coping strategies; (3) importance of others, such as healthcare, family and friends.Conclusions This study provides a broad insight into the first-hand experience of living with DLB and how it compares with other dementia types. Findings highlight factors characterising the disease experience and well-being, and how persons with DLB address challenges arising secondary to disease. These findings are important for both research and clinical practice, demonstrating the feasibility of direct involvement of DLB persons in identifying important aspects of care, which include improved healthcare services.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Patočka, Jan
(författare)
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Inledning till fenomenologisk filosofi
- 2013. - 1
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Fenomenologin får inte vara en metafysik, utan en kritik av all metafysik, av alla stelnade system.””Om vi vill nå fram till sanningen kan vi inte bara söka efter den i lågländerna och vi får inte låta oss fascineras av den ytliga harmonins stillhet; vi måste låta det oroande, det oförsonliga och det gåtfulla växa i oss, det som det vanliga livet blundar för, det som det förbigår till förmån for dagens ordning.”Inledning till fenomenologisk filosofi samlar de föreläsningar som den tjeckiske filosofen Jan Patočka höll vid Karlsuniversitet i Prag mellan 1969 och 1970.Det som står i fokus är fenomenologin och dess utveckling från Edmund Husserls första arbeten fram till och med Martin Heideggers analyser i Vara och tid. I dessa föreläsningar introducerar Patočka fenomenologin genom att framhålla både fenomenologins aktualitet och dess många kontaktytor med filosofihistorien.Dessa föreläsningar kan betraktas som en inledning till fenomenologins grundbegrepp, likaväl som ett utmärkt sätt att bekanta sig med viktiga dimensioner i Patočkas egen filosofi.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Rana, Arun, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting regional and global climate simulations over South Asia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Climate Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0930-7575 .- 1432-0894. ; 54:5-6, s. 2883-2901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two ensembles of climate simulations, one global and one regional, are used to investigate model errors and projected climate change in seasonal mean temperature and precipitation over South Asia. The global ensemble includes ten global climate models (GCMs). In the regional ensemble all ten GCMs are downscaled by a regional climate model-RCA4 over South Asia at 50 km resolution. Our focus is on the Indian Summer Monsoon season (June-August) and we show that RCA4 can reproduce, reduce or amplify large-scale GCM biases depending on regions and GCMs. However, the RCA4 bias pattern in precipitation is similar across the simulations, regardless of forcing GCM, indicating a strong RCA4 imprint on the simulated precipitation. For climate change, the results indicate, that RCA4 can change the signal projected by the GCM ensemble and its individual members. There are a few RCA4 simulations with a substantial reduction of projected warming by RCA4 compared to the driving GCMs and with a large regional increase in precipitation absent in the GCMs. We also found that in a number of subregions warm RCA4 biases are related to stronger warming and vice versa, while there is no such dependency in the GCM ensemble. Neither the GCM nor the RCA4 ensemble shows any significant dependency between projected changes and biases for precipitation. Our results implicate that using only RCMs and excluding GCMs, a commonly established approach, can significantly change the message on future regional climate change.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Sandin Albertsson, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of mechanical textile recycling in Sweden
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents a screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of a potential, future mechanical textile recycling system located in Sweden. The report is based on rough assumptions, data estimates and scenarios exploring the influence of uncertainties regarding, for example, the location of the recycling plant (influencing the transport distances), the need for constructing new infrastructure for the recycling plant, the need to sort the incoming feedstock, the electricity mix used at the recycling plant, and fuel type used in transports. The main conclusions of the report are as follows:1. The results, in terms of climate impact, energy demand, and fossil resource use, for mechanically recycled fibres, are in the lower range, or about an order of magnitude lower, compared to the results of production of primary fibres. Although the results of this kind of screening LCA of a future production system are inherently uncertain, the results strongly indicate that establishing mechanical recycling of textiles in Sweden has a high potential to contribute to reduced environmental impact in the textile sector. 2. As mechanically recycled fibres often rely on blending with a substantial share of primary fibres in yarn spinning, the environmental impact of the final yarn will depend on the environmental impact of the primary fibres used for blending.3. The studied uncertainties substantially influence the environmental impact of the recycled fibres. These uncertainties regards the location of the recycling plant (influencing the transport distances), the need to build new infrastructure for the recycling plant, the need to sort incoming feedstock, the electricity mix used at the recycling plant, and the fuel type used in transports of materials to and from the recycling plant. These parameters are important to consider when developing, designing, and operating a mechanical recycling plant in Sweden. But even with relatively long transportation distances, new infrastructure, (manual and automatic) pre-sorting, mostly fossil fuels used in transports and an electricity mix with high climate impact, the environmental impact of the mechanically recycled fibres are in the lower range of, or substantially lower than, the environmental impact of most primary fibres.4. The fact that mechanical recycling in Sweden is expected to be powered by an electricity grid mix with relatively low climate impact makes a big difference in terms of the climate impact. A location in a region with a grid mix with higher climate impact, such as the (current) European grid mix, would increase the climate impact of the recycled fibres with about 200 kg CO2 eq. per t fibres – which would still result in fibres with low climate impact compared to most primary fibres.5. The sensitivity analysis, based on a Monte Carlo analysis, showed that the climate impact results are relatively stable with regard to the distance for the transports to and from the recycling plant, the amount of electricity used in the recycling plant, and the material loss at the recycling plant. Although these are important parameters to keep track of to ensure as low climate impact as possible, they seem not to be critical for the climate-impact viability of the recycled fibres.The present report is based on likely circumstances and technologies available today. Potential future changes are not accounted for. Furthermore, the impact categories selected for this study relate to energy-related issues – climate impact and resource constraints – as these are expected to be the main issues of mechanical textile recycling. There are other impacts that are also important, especially when discussing the environmental impact of mechanically recycled fibres in comparison to primary biobased fibres such as – for example water deprivation and impacts on land use.The LCA was conducted within the BioInnovation project “Mechanical textile recycling – Roadmap for Swedish processing capacity” and considered data and scenarios on business cases on mechanical textile recycling developed within the project. The LCA and its results were intended primarily for internal project work, but the work is made public in this report as the results may also be relevant for external actors interested in developing or investing in a future textile recycling plant within or outside of Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Sköld Gustafsson, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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Construction of a national natural hazard interaction framework: The case of Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: ISCIENCE. - : CELL PRESS. - 2589-0042. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent multiple natural hazards and compound climate events studies have iden-tified a range of interaction types and examined natural hazard interactions in various locations. Yet, there are calls for examining relevant multiple natural hazards in still unstudied national contexts as Sweden. Moreover, multi-hazard concepts rarely consider climate change effects, despite the call of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to adopt multi-hazard approaches and the growing recognition that compound events should be considered "normal". Using a systematic literature study, the paper presents a national natural hazard interaction framework for Sweden identifying 39 cascading, 56 disposition alteration, 3 additional hazard potential, and 17 coincident triggering interactions between 20 natural hazards. Reviewed gray literature, an expert workshop, and reviewed climate research suggest increases of multiple natural hazards with heat wave and heavy rain as triggering or driving events and with hydrological hazards, for instance, fluvial floods, landslides, and debris flows, as the main consequences.
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| 36. |
- Soleimani-Chamkhorami, Khosro, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle cost assessment of railways infrastructure asset under climate change impacts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1361-9209 .- 1879-2340. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change impacts such as extreme temperatures, snow and ice, flooding, and sea level rise posed significant threats to railway infrastructure networks. One of the important questions that infrastructure managers need to answer is, “How will maintenance costs be affected due to climate change in different climate change scenarios?” This paper proposes an approach to estimate the implication of climate change on the life cycle cost (LCC) of railways infrastructure assets. The proportional hazard model is employed to capture the dynamic effects of climate change on reliability parameters and LCC of railway assets. A use-case from a railway in North Sweden is analyzed to validate the proposed process using data collected over 18 years. The results have shown that precipitation, temperature, and humidity are significant weather factors in selected use-case. Furthermore, our analyses show that LCC under future climate scenarios will be about 11 % higher than LCC without climate impacts.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Biogeophysical effects from land-cover changes in Europe in a regional climate model
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changes in vegetation are known to have an impact on climate via biogeophysical effects such as changes in albedo and heat fluxes. The magnitude and extent of these effects is however uncertain. Here the effects of maximum afforestation and deforestation are studied over Europe. This is done by comparing three regional climate model simulations: one with present day vegetation, one with maximum afforestation and one with maximum deforestation. In general afforestation leads to more evapotranspiration (ET) which leads to decreased temperature, while deforestation leads to less ET which leads to increased temperature. There are exceptions, mainly in regions with little water available for evapotranspiration. In such regions ET will not change even if vegetation changes. In such regions changes in albedo are relatively more important for temperature. The biogeophysical effect on seasonal mean temperature is 0.5-3 °C, which is comparable to greenhouse gas forcing. The effect on seasonal extreme temperature (minimum and maximum) is larger than on mean temperature. Increased (decreased) mean temperature leads to an even larger increase (decrease) in maximum (minimum) temperature. The effect on precipitation is found to be small. Two additional simulations where vegetation is only changed in half of the domain were also performed. These simulations show that the climatic effects from changed vegetation are local. The results imply that vegetation changes have had and will have a significant impact on local climate, therefore these effects from vegetation change should be taken into account when simulating past, present and future climate. The results also imply that vegetation changes could be used to mitigate local climate change.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Impacts from Afforestation and Deforestation in Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Earth Interactions. - 1087-3562. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in vegetation are known to have an impact on climate via biogeophysical effects such as changes in albedo and heat fluxes. Here, the effects of maximum afforestation and deforestation are studied over Europe. This is done by comparing three regional climate model simulations-one with present-day vegetation, one with maximum afforestation, and one with maximum deforestation. In general, afforestation leads to more evapotranspiration (ET), which leads to decreased near-surface temperature, whereas deforestation leads to less ET, which leads to increased temperature. There are exceptions, mainly in regions with little water available for ET. In such regions, changes in albedo are relatively more important for temperature. The simulated biogeophysical effect on seasonal mean temperature varies between 0.5 degrees and 3 degrees C across Europe. The effect on minimum and maximum temperature is larger than that on mean temperature. Increased (decreased) mean temperature is associated with an even larger increase (decrease) in maximum summer (minimum winter) temperature. The effect on precipitation is found to be small Two additional simulations in which vegetation is changed in only one-half of the domain were also performed. These simulations show that the climatic effects from changed vegetation in Europe are local. The results imply that vegetation changes have had, and will have, a significant impact on local climate in Europe; the climatic response is comparable to climate change under RCP2.6. Therefore, effects from vegetation change should be taken into account when simulating past, present, and future climate for this region. The results also imply that vegetation changes could be used to mitigate local climate change.
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| 42. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Den encyklopediska spindeln
- 2020
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Ingår i: Material. - Huddinge : Södertörns högskola. - 9789188663993 - 9789189109001 ; , s. 283-293
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Strandberg, Gustav, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Did the Bronze Age deforestation of Europe affect its climate? : A regional climate model study using pollen-based land cover reconstructions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 19:7, s. 1507-1530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on the climate around 2500 years ago (2.5 ka), a period of rapid transitions across the European landscape. One global climate model was used to force two regional climate models (RCMs). The RCMs used two land cover descriptions. The first was from a dynamical vegetation model representing potential land cover, and the second was from a land cover description reconstructed from pollen data by statistical interpolation. The two different land covers enable us to study the impact of land cover on climate conditions. Since the difference in landscape openness between potential and reconstructed land cover is mostly due to LULCC, this can be taken as a measure of early anthropogenic effects on climate. Since the sensitivity to LULCC is dependent on the choice of climate model, we also use two RCMs. The results show that the simulated 2.5 ka climate was warmer than the simulated pre-industrial (PI, 1850 CE) climate. The largest differences are seen in northern Europe, where the 2.5 ka climate is 2-4 degrees C warmer than the PI period. In summer, the difference between the simulated 2.5 ka and PI climates is smaller (0-3 degrees C), with the smallest differences in southern Europe. Differences in seasonal precipitation are mostly within +/- 10 %. In parts of northern Europe, the 2.5 ka climate is up to 30% wetter in winter than that of the PI climate. In summer there is a tendency for the 2.5 ka climate to be drier than the PI climate in the Mediterranean region. The results also suggest that LULCC at 2.5 ka impacted the climate in parts of Europe. Simulations including reconstructed LULCC (i.e. those using pollen-derived land cover descriptions) give up to 1 degrees C higher temperature in parts of northern Europe in winter and up to 1.5 degrees C warmer in southern Europe in summer than simulations with potential land cover. Although the results are model dependent, the relatively strong response implies that anthropogenic land cover changes that had occurred during the Neolithic and Bronze Age could have affected the European climate by 2.5 ka.
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| 44. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Dying With the Other : Death as the Manifestation of Community
- 2024
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Ingår i: Jan Patočka and the Phenomenology of Life After Death. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031495472 - 9783031495489 ; , s. 37-52
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Patočka’s later thought, death is a recurring theme. It is something that he analyzes phenomenologically and existentially, but also a theme that is related to his critique of modernity and to his philosophy of history. In this article, I analyze the question of death more broadly in Patočka’s later philosophy in order to show how his reflections in “The Phenomenology of Afterlife” can shed new light on his understanding of our co-existence with others and provide us with a phenomenological concretion that is lacking in his more speculative philosophy of history. By relating “The Phenomenology of Afterlife” to Patočka’s more famous analyses in the Heretical Essays, we can also understand the interconnection between his political thought and his so called “a-subjective phenomenology” in greater detail.
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| 45. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Existensens gerundium
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ad Marciam. - Huddinge : Södertörns högskola. - 9789187843723 ; , s. 133-142
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Foucault och subjektets gränser
- 2017
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Ingår i: Foucault och antiken. - Hägersten : TankeKraft Förlag. - 9789188203250 ; , s. 177-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 47. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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From a "Life in the Idea" to a "Life in Truth"
- 2022
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Ingår i: Filozofický asopis. - : Filozofický ústav (Akademie věd ČR). - 0015-1831. ; 70:SI, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the relationship between Jan Patocka's and Vaclav Havel's political writings. By specifically focusing on Patocka's concepts a "life in the idea" and a " life in problematicity" and Havel's notion of a "life in truth", it seeks to draw out the differences and similarities between their respective understandings of the relationship between truth and politics. The paper argues that Havel reinterpreted Patocka's ideas in a way, which in the final analysis diverged from Patocka's original intentions. Finally, the article argues that Havel's, in many ways productive, reinterpretation gives rise to a highly problematic conception of ideology and politics since the "pre-political" form of politics that Havel envisions ultimately tends to naturalize both truth and politics.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Förfrämligandet som utopi
- 2017
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Ingår i: Revolution och existens. - Stockholm : Ersatz. - 9789187891274 ; , s. 115-132
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 50. |
- Strandberg, Gustav
(författare)
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Förord
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Jan Patočka, Inledning till fenomenologisk filosofi. - Huddinge : Södertörns högskola. - 9789186069629 - 9789186069636 ; , s. 9-20
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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