| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Chen, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer in Chinese Men Undergoing Initial Prostate Biopsies Compared with Western Cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 197:1, s. 90-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose We determined the characteristics of Chinese men undergoing initial prostate biopsy and evaluated the relationship between prostate specific antigen levels and prostate cancer/high grade prostate cancer detection in a large Chinese multicenter cohort. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 13,904 urology outpatients who had undergone biopsy for the indications of prostate specific antigen greater than 4.0 ng/ml or prostate specific antigen less than 4.0 ng/ml but with abnormal digital rectal examination results. The prostate specific antigen measurements were performed in accordance with the standard procedures at the respective institutions. The type of assay used was documented and recalibrated to the WHO standard. Results The incidence of prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer was lower in the Chinese cohort than the Western cohorts at any given prostate specific antigen level. Around 25% of patients with a prostate specific antigen of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/ml were found to have prostate cancer compared to approximately 40% in U.S. clinical practice. Moreover, the risk curves were generally flatter than those of the Western cohorts, that is risk did not increase as rapidly with higher prostate specific antigen. Conclusions The relationship between prostate specific antigen and prostate cancer risk differs importantly between Chinese and Western populations, with an overall lower risk in the Chinese cohort. Further research should explore whether environmental or genetic differences explain these findings or whether they result from unmeasured differences in screening or benign prostate disease. Caution is required for the implementation of prostate cancer clinical decision rules or prediction models for men in China or other Asian countries with similar genetic and environmental backgrounds.
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| 6. |
- Feng, Ruizhi, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in TUBB8 and Human Oocyte Meiotic Arrest.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 374:3, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Human reproduction depends on the fusion of a mature oocyte with a sperm cell to form a fertilized egg. The genetic events that lead to the arrest of human oocyte maturation are unknown. Methods We sequenced the exomes of five members of a four-generation family, three of whom had infertility due to oocyte meiosis I arrest. We performed Sanger sequencing of a candidate gene, TUBB8, in DNA samples from these members, additional family members, and members of 23 other affected families. The expression of TUBB8 and all other β-tubulin isotypes was assessed in human oocytes, early embryos, sperm cells, and several somatic tissues by means of a quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay. We evaluated the effect of the TUBB8 mutations on the assembly of the heterodimer consisting of one α-tubulin polypeptide and one β-tubulin polypeptide (α/β-tubulin heterodimer) in vitro, on microtubule architecture in HeLa cells, on microtubule dynamics in yeast cells, and on spindle assembly in mouse and human oocytes. Results We identified seven mutations in the primate-specific gene TUBB8 that were responsible for oocyte meiosis I arrest in 7 of the 24 families. TUBB8 expression is unique to oocytes and the early embryo, in which this gene accounts for almost all the expressed β-tubulin. The mutations affect chaperone-dependent folding and assembly of the α/β-tubulin heterodimer, disrupt microtubule behavior on expression in cultured cells, alter microtubule dynamics in vivo, and cause catastrophic spindle-assembly defects and maturation arrest on expression in mouse and human oocytes. Conclusions TUBB8 mutations have dominant-negative effects that disrupt microtubule behavior and oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and maturation, causing female infertility. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others.).
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| 7. |
- Huo, Meiling, et al.
(författare)
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A heteroepitaxially grown two-dimensional metal-organic framework and its derivative for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:19, s. 10408-10416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two-dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have become a hot topic recently due to their high surface area, larger number of exposed active sites, and improved conductivity. Combining different 2D MOFs could introduce new physical and chemical properties. Here, we have synthesized a heteroepitaxially grown 2D zeolitic imidazolate framework with a leaf-like morphology (ZIF-L). ZIF-L has a layer-by-layer dense structure, which possesses a high content of N and metal ions as active sites. ZIF-L-Co is heteroepitaxially grown on ZIF-L-Zn, while ZIF-L-Zn@ZIF-Co has been successfully prepared. After pyrolysis, the heteroepitaxially grown MOF derived ultra-small Co nanoparticle immobilized nitrogen doped carbon (NC) material (HM-Co@NC) exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (Eonset = 0.998 V, E1/2 = 0.905 V) and better stability than Pt/C, achieving well-qualified assemblies for use in rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
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| 8. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 9. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 10. |
- Luo, Zhenghui, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-Tuning Energy Levels via Asymmetric End Groups Enables Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 17%
- 2020
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 4:6, s. 1236-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Generally, it is important to fine-tune the energy levels of donor and acceptor materials in the field of polymer solar cell (PSCs) to achieve a minimal highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy offset, which yet is still sufficient for charge separation. Based on the high-performance small-molecule acceptor (SMA) of BTP-4F, we modified the end groups of BTP-4F from IC-2F to CPTCN-Cl. It was found that when both end groups were substituted by CPTCN-Cl, the energy level upshift was too large that caused unfavorable energetic alignment, thus poor device performance. By using the strategy of asymmetric end groups, we were able to achieve near optimal energy level match, resulting in higher open-circuit voltage (V-OC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with those given by the PM6:BTP-4F system. Our strategy can be useful and potentially applied to othermaterial systems for maximizing efficiency of non-fullerene PSCs.
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| 11. |
- Sun, Xiao-dong, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a novel capture and ligation probe-PCR method in mass screen and treatment to support malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-2875. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMass screening and treatment (MSAT) for malaria elimination lacks an ideal diagnostic tool to allow sensitive and affordable test of the target population in the field. This study evaluated whether Capture and Ligation Probe-PCR (CLIP-PCR) could be used in a field MSAT in Laiza City, Myanmar.MethodsOn day 0, two dried blood spots were collected from each participant. On day 1, all samples were screened for Plasmodium in a 20 m(2) laboratory with workbench, a biosafety cabinet, a refrigerator, a benchtop shaking incubator and a qPCR machine, by four technicians using CLIP-PCR with sample pooling, at a health clinic of the Chinese bordering town of Nabang. On day 2, all positives were followed up and treated.ResultsOf 15,038 persons (65% of the total population) screened, 204 (1.36%) were CLIP-PCR positives. Among them, 188, 14, and 2 were infected with Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and P. vivax/P. falciparum mix, respectively. The testing capacity was 538 persons/day, with a cost of US$0.92 /person. The proportion of submicroscopic infection was 64.7%. All positive individuals received treatment within 72 h after blood collection.ConclusionUsing CLIP-PCR in MSAT in low transmission settings can support the malaria elimination efforts in the China-Myanmar border region.
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| 12. |
- Sun, Xiao-Li, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanism Insights of Ethane C-H Bond Activations by Bare [Fe-III=O](+): Explicit Electronic Structure Analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5215. ; 116:5, s. 1475-1485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkane C-H bond activation by various catalysts and enzymes has attracted considerable attention recently, but many issues are still unanswered. The conversion of ethane to ethanol and ethene by bare [Fe-III=O](+) has been explored using density functional theory and coupled-cluster method comprehensively. Two possible reaction mechanisms are available for the entire reaction, the direct H-abstraction mechanism and the concerted mechanism. First, in the direct H-abstraction mechanism, a direct H-abstraction is encountered in the initial step, going through a collinear transition state C center dot center dot center dot H center dot center dot center dot O-Fe and then leading to the generation of an intermediate Fe-OH bound to the alkyl radical weakly. The final product of the direct H-abstraction mechanism is ethanol, which is produced by the hydroxyl group back transfer to the carbon radical. Second, in the concerted reaction mechanism, the H-abstraction process is characterized via overcoming four/five-centered transition states (TSH)-T-6/4_c5 or (TSH)-T-4_c4. The second step of the concerted mechanism can lead to either product ethanol or ethene. Moreover, the major product ethene can be obtained through two different pathways, the one-step pathway and the stepwise pathway. It is the first report that the former pathway starting from (IM)-I-6/4_c to the product can be better described as a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). It plays an important role in the product ethene generation according to the CCSD(T) results. The spin-orbital coupling (SOC) calculations demonstrate that the title reaction should proceed via a two-state reactivity (TSR) pattern and that the spin-forbidden transition could slightly lower the rate-determining energy barrier height. This thorough theoretical study, especially the explicit electronic structure analysis, may provide important clues for understanding and studying the C-H bond activation promoted by iron-based artificial catalysts.
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| 13. |
- Wang, Mojin, et al.
(författare)
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A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins 10 Expression in Relation to 2073A/G Polymorphism and Tumor Progression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pathology and Oncology Research. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 1219-4956 .- 1532-2807. ; 19:3, s. 521-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cAMP/PKA signalling events regulated by A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 (AKAP10) is involved in tumorigenesis. Previous study showed that AKAP10 polymorphism (2073 A/G, I646V) was associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, there was no literature reporting the role of AKAP10 in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of A-kinase anchoring proteins 10 (AKAP 10) expression and the relationship with its polymorphism in colorectal cancer. The expression of AKAP10 was determined by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) and western blot assay on colorectal cancer (n = 176), adenoma (n = 87) and distant normal mucosa (n = 72). 176 patients with colorectal cancer were genotyped for AKAP10 2073A/G polymorphism by TaqMan RT-PCR. We found that the positive expression rate of AKAP10 in colorectal cancer (59 %) was significantly higher than those in adenoma (39 %) and distant normal mucosa (42 %) (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference between adenoma and distant normal mucosa (P = 0.741). Positive AKAP10 staining was correlated with deeper tumor invasion (P < 0.001), lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.022), advanced tumor stage (P < 0.001) and poorly differentiated degree (P = 0.003). Compared with AA genotype (52 %), positive expression of AKAP10 was significantly increased in colorectal cancer patients with the variant (AG+GG) genotypes (68 %, P = 0.033). It was concluded that AKAP10 may play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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| 14. |
- Wang, Ning, et al.
(författare)
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Boride-derived oxygen-evolution catalysts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal borides/borates have been considered promising as oxygen evolution reaction catalysts; however, to date, there is a dearth of evidence of long-term stability at practical current densities. Here we report a phase composition modulation approach to fabricate effective borides/borates-based catalysts. We find that metal borides in-situ formed metal borates are responsible for their high activity. This knowledge prompts us to synthesize NiFe-Boride, and to use it as a templating precursor to form an active NiFe-Borate catalyst. This boride-derived oxide catalyzes oxygen evolution with an overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte and requires a record-low overpotential of 460 mV to maintain water splitting performance for over 400 h at current density of 1 A/cm2. We couple the catalyst with CO reduction in an alkaline membrane electrode assembly electrolyser, reporting stable C2H4 electrosynthesis at current density 200 mA/cm2 for over 80 h.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Environmentally friendly Mn-alloyed core/shell quantum dots for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 8:21, s. 10736-10741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colloidal quantum dot (QD)-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells are cost-effective devices showing remarkable solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency. However, the extensive use of highly toxic elements (e.g. Pb and Cd) in QDs' synthesis and device fabrication is still a major challenge towards their practical development. Herein, we fabricate a solar-driven PEC cell based on environmentally friendly Mn-alloyed CuInS2 (MnCIS)/ZnS core/shell QDs, showing more favorable band alignment, efficient charge transfer, reduced charge recombination and lower charge transfer resistance with respect to the control device fabricated using unalloyed CuInS2 (CIS)/ZnS core/shell QDs. An unprecedented photocurrent density of ∼5.7 mA cm−2 with excellent stability was obtained for the as-fabricated MnCIS/ZnS core/shell QD-based PEC device when operated under standard one sun irradiation (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm−2). These results indicate that the transition metal-alloyed environmentally friendly core/shell QDs are promising for next-generation solar technologies.
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| 16. |
- Yu, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorinated End Group Enables High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with Near-Infrared Absorption and Enhanced Device Efficiency over 14%
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fluorination of end groups has been a great success in developing efficient small molecule acceptors. However, this strategy has not been applied to the development of polymer acceptors. Here, a dihalogenated end group modified by fluorine and bromine atoms simultaneously, namely IC-FBr, is first developed, then employed to construct a new polymer acceptor (named PYF-T) for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). In comparison with its non-fluorinated counterpart (PY-T), PYF-T exhibits stronger and red-shifted absorption spectra, stronger molecular packing and higher electron mobility. Meanwhile, the fluorination on the end groups down-shifts the energy levels of PYF-T, which matches better with the donor polymer PM6, leading to efficient charge transfer and small voltage loss. As a result, an all-PSC based on PM6:PYF-T yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.1% than that of PM6:PY-T (11.1%), which is among the highest values for all-PSCs reported to date. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of fluorination of end-groups in designing high-performance polymer acceptors, which paves the way toward developing more efficient and stable all-PSCs.
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| 17. |
- Zhao, Guang-Jiu, et al.
(författare)
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Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer and S-2 fluorescence in thiophene-pi-conjugated donor-acceptor systems : Experimental and TDDFT studies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 14:23, s. 6935-6947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental and theoretical methods were used to study newly synthesized thiophene-pi-cojugated donor-acceptor compounds, which were found to exhibit efficient intramolecular charge-transfer emission in polar solvents with relatively large Stokes shifts and strong solvatochromism. To gain insight into the solvatochromic behavior of these compounds, the dependence of the spectra on solvent polarity was studied on the basis of Lippert-Mataga models. We found that intramolecular charge transfer in these donor-acceptor systems is significantly dependent on the electron-with-drawing substituents at the thienyl 2-position. The dependence of the absorption and emission spectra of these compounds in methanol on the concentration of trifluoroacetic acid was used to confirm intramolecular charge-tranfer emission. Moreover, the calculated absorption and emission energies, which are in accordance with the experimental values, suggested that fluorescence can be emitted from different geometric confirmations. In addition, a novel S-2 fluorescence phenomenon for some of these compounds was also be observed. The fluorescence excitation spectra were used to confirm the S-2 fluorescence. We demonstrate that S-2 fluorescence can be explained by the calculated energy gap between the S-2 and S-1 states of these molecules. Furthermore, nonlinear optical behavior of the thiophene-pi-conjugated compound with diethylcyanomethylphosphonate substituents was predicted in theory.
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| 18. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 21. |
- Abelev, B., et al.
(författare)
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Technical Design Report for the Upgrade of the ALICE Inner Tracking System
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 41:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is studying the physics of strongly interacting matter, and in particular the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), using proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LHC shutdown in the years 2018–2019. A key element of the ALICE upgrade is the construction of a new, ultra-light, high-resolution Inner Tracking System (ITS) based on monolithic CMOS pixel detectors. The primary focus of the ITS upgrade is on improving the performance for detection of heavy-flavour hadrons, and of thermal photons and low-mass di-electrons emitted by the QGP. With respect to the current detector, the new Inner Tracking System will significantly enhance the determination of the distance of closest approach to the primary vertex, the tracking efficiency at low transverse momenta, and the read-out rate capabilities. This will be obtained by seven concentric detector layers based on a 50 μm thick CMOS pixel sensor with a pixel pitch of about 30×30 μm2. This document, submitted to the LHCC (LHC experiments Committee) in September 2013, presents the design goals, a summary of the R&D activities, with focus on the technical implementation of the main detector components, and the projected detector and physics performance.
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| 22. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 23. |
- Abelev, B., et al.
(författare)
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Upgrade of the ALICE Experiment Letter Of Intent
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 41:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is studying the physics of strongly interacting matter, and in particular the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), using proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE Collaboration is preparing a major upgrade of the experimental apparatus, planned for installation in the second long LHC shutdown in the years 2018–2019. These plans are presented in the ALICE Upgrade Letter of Intent, submitted to the LHCC (LHC experiments Committee) in September 2012. In order to fully exploit the physics reach of the LHC in this field, high-precision measurements of the heavy-flavour production, quarkonia, direct real and virtual photons, and jets are necessary. This will be achieved by an increase of the LHC Pb–Pb instant luminosity up to 6×1027 cm−2s−1 and running the ALICE detector with the continuous readout at the 50 kHz event rate. The physics performance accessible with the upgraded detector, together with the main detector modifications, are presented.
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| 24. |
- Abeysinghe, Kasun S., et al.
(författare)
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Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations over a gradient of contamination in earthworms living in rice paddy soil
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 36:5, s. 1202-1210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury (Hg) deposited from emissions or from local contamination, can have serious health effects on humans and wildlife. Traditionally, Hg has been seen as a threat to aquatic wildlife, because of its conversion in suboxic conditions into bioavailable methylmercury (MeHg), but it can also threaten contaminated terrestrial ecosystems. In Asia, rice paddies in particular may be sensitive ecosystems. Earthworms are soil-dwelling organisms that have been used as indicators of Hg bioavailability; however, the MeHg concentrations they accumulate in rice paddy environments are not well known. Earthworm and soil samples were collected from rice paddies at progressive distances from abandoned mercury mines in Guizhou, China, and at control sites without a history of Hg mining. Total Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations declined in soil and earthworms as distance increased from the mines, but the percentage of THg that was MeHg, and the bioaccumulation factors in earthworms, increased over this gradient. This escalation in methylation and the incursion of MeHg into earthworms may be influenced by more acidic soil conditions and higher organic content further from the mines. In areas where the source of Hg is deposition, especially in water-logged and acidic rice paddy soil, earthworms may biomagnify MeHg more than was previously reported. It is emphasized that rice paddy environments affected by acidifying deposition may be widely dispersed throughout Asia.
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| 25. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 26. |
- Aguado, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 240:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA-we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 29. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 30. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
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| 31. |
- Bompada, Pradeep, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenome-Wide Histone Acetylation Changes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomedicines. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-9059. ; 9:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is emerging evidence of an association between epigenetic modifications, glycemic control and atherosclerosis risk. In this study, we mapped genome-wide epigenetic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and advanced atherosclerotic disease. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) using a histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) mark in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atherosclerosis with T2D (n = 8) or without T2D (ND, n = 10). We mapped epigenome changes and identified 23,394 and 13,133 peaks in ND and T2D individuals, respectively. Out of all the peaks, 753 domains near the transcription start site (TSS) were unique to T2D. We found that T2D in atherosclerosis leads to an H3K9ac increase in 118, and loss in 63 genomic regions. Furthermore, we discovered an association between the genomic locations of significant H3K9ac changes with genetic variants identified in previous T2D GWAS. The transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146, together with several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants, were among the domains with the most dramatic changes of H3K9ac enrichments. Pathway analysis revealed multiple activated pathways involved in immunity, including type 1 diabetes. Our results present novel evidence on the interaction between genetics and epigenetics, as well as epigenetic changes related to immunity in patients with T2D and advanced atherosclerotic disease.
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| 32. |
- Bowman, John L, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 171:2, s. 287-304.15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.
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| 33. |
- Cai, Yunhao, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the Energy Offset on the Charge Dynamics in Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:39, s. 43984-43991
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy offset, considered as the driving force for charge transfer between organic molecules, has significant effects on both charge separation and charge recombination in organic solar cells. Herein, we designed material systems with gradually shifting energy offsets, including both positive and negative values. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to monitor the charge dynamics within the bulk heterojunction. It is striking to find that there is still charge transfer and charge generation when the energy offset reached -0.10 eV (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data). This work not only indicates the feasibility of the free carrier generation and the following charge separation under the condition of a negative offset but also elucidates the relationship between the charge transfer and the energy offset in the case of polymer chlorination.
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| 34. |
- Cao, Zhi, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to a healthy lifestyle counteracts the negative effects of risk factors on all-cause mortality in the oldest-old
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 11:18, s. 7605-7619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study, we examined the extent to which the harmful effects of risk factors on all-cause mortality can be counteracted by healthy lifestyle practices in the oldest-old (80 years of age and older). A total of 17,660 oldest-old from China were followed up for up to 10 years. The data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model with adjustment for potential confounders. We found that having a rural residence, not being married, having lower economic status, physical disability, impaired cognitive function, or comorbidity were all associated with an elevated risk of mortality. Using these factors, we computed a weighted risk score. Because never smoking, never drinking, doing physical exercise, having an ideal diet, and a normal weight were independently associated with lower mortality, we also combined them to compute a weighted protection score. Both scores were divided into lowest, middle, and highest groups using their tertiles. In joint effect analyses, participants with the combined highest-risk score and lowest-protection score profile had a nearly threefold higher joint death risk. These analyses show that adherence to a healthy lifestyle counteracts the negative effect of risk factors on all-cause mortality in the oldest-old by more than 20%.
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| 35. |
- Chen, D., et al.
(författare)
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GSTpi protects against angiotensin II-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4889 .- 1879-2596. ; 1843:2, s. 454-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited excessive proliferation, hypertrophy and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are vital to the pathogenesis of atheroclerosis. Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) exists extensively in various kinds of cells and protects cells against different stresses. However, knowledge remains limited about what GSTpi acts in VSMCs. We investigated the effect of GSTpi on Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation, hypertrophy and migration and its latent mechanism. Overexpression and RNAi experiments demonstrated that GSTpi inhibited Ang II-induced proliferation, hypertrophy and migration of VSMCs and arrested progression of cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy analyses showed that GSTpi directly associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to prevent Ang II-triggered binding of Src to STAT3 and thus suppressed Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, as well as cyclin D1 expression. In contrast, GSTpi didn't affect Ang II-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). GSTpi acts as a negative regulator to prevent Ang II-triggered proliferative signaling in VSMCs, suggesting that it may protect vessels against the stresses associated with atherosclerosis formation.
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| 36. |
- Chen, Haiyang, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous Nucleating Agent for High-Boiling-Point Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Modules
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents are superior solvents to produce large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) in industry because of their wide processing window and low toxicity; while, these solvents with slow evaporation kinetics will lead excessive aggregation of state-of-the-art small molecule acceptors (e.g. L8-BO), delivering serious efficiency losses. Here, a heterogeneous nucleating agent strategy is developed by grafting oligo (ethylene glycol) side-chains on L8-BO (BTO-BO). The formation energy of the obtained BTO-BO; while, changing from liquid in a solvent to a crystalline phase, is lower than that of L8-BO irrespective of the solvent type. When BTO-BO is added as the third component into the active layer (e.g. PM6:L8-BO), it easily assembles to form numerous seed crystals, which serve as nucleation sites to trigger heterogeneous nucleation and increase nucleation density of L8-BO through strong hydrogen bonding interactions even in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents. Therefore, it can effectively suppress excessive aggregation during growth, achieving ideal phase-separation active layer with small domain sizes and high crystallinity. The resultant toluene-processed OSCs exhibit a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42% (certificated 19.12%) with excellent operational stability. The strategy also has superior advantages in large-scale devices, showing a 15.03-cm2 module with a record PCE of 16.35% (certificated 15.97%). The heterogeneous nucleating agent (BTO-BO) is developed to suppress the excessive aggregation of L8-BO in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents processing, achieving the active layer with high crystallinity and nano-scaled phase separation morphology. The resultant OSCs achieve record power conversion efficiencies of 19.42% (0.062-cm2) and 16.35% (15. 03-cm2) with excellent operational stabilities. image
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| 37. |
- Chen, Qinyu, et al.
(författare)
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An Efficient Accelerator for Multiple Convolutions From the Sparsity Perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (vlsi) Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1063-8210 .- 1557-9999. ; 28:6, s. 1540-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as one of the most popular ways applied in many fields. These networks deliver better performance when going deeper and larger. However, the complicated computation and huge storage impede hardware implementation. To address the problem, quantized networks are proposed. Besides, various convolutional structures are designed to meet the requirements of different applications. For example, compared with the traditional convolutions (CONVs) for image classification, CONVs for image generation are usually composed of traditional CONVs, dilated CONVs, and transposed CONVs, leading to a difficult hardware mapping problem. In this brief, we translate the difficult mapping problem into the sparsity problem and propose an efficient hardware architecture for sparse binary and ternary CNNs by exploiting the sparsity and low bit-width characteristics. To this end, we propose an ineffectual data removing (IDR) mechanism to remove both the regular and irregular sparsity based on dual-channel processing elements (PEs). Besides, a flexible layered load balance (LLB) mechanism is introduced to alleviate the load imbalance. The accelerator is implemented with 65-nm technology with a core size of 2.56 mm(2). It can achieve 3.72-TOPS/W energy efficiency at 50.1 mW, which makes it a promising design for embedded devices.
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| 38. |
- Chen, Shao-Chun, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiological Typing of Penicillinase-Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Their bla(TEM-135) Gene Variants in Nanjing, China
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Diseases. - 0148-5717 .- 1537-4521. ; 40:11, s. 872-876
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and their bla(TEM-135) gene variant in 2007 and 2012 in Nanjing, China. In addition, molecular epidemiological typing of all isolates was performed to elucidate the genetic relationships of the PPNG strains. Methods: A total of 199 and 77 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were collected at the National Center for STD Control in 2007 and 2012, respectively. Nitrocefin tests were performed to identify PPNG. Mismatch amplification mutation assay was used to identify bla(TEM-135). All isolates were genotyped using N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and additionally, porB-based phylogenetic analysis was performed for the PPNG isolates. Results: The total prevalence of PPNG isolates was 41% (114/276) and 58% (66/114) of these PPNG isolates possessed bla(TEM-135). In 2007, 45% (90/199) produced beta-lactamase, and of those PPNG, 58% (52/90) possessed bla(TEM-135). In 2012, 31% (24/77) were PPNG, and 58% (14/24) of those isolates contained bla(TEM-135). There were 162 NG-MAST STs among the 276 isolates, and 89 of those were novel STs. A strong association between specific NG-MAST STs and bla(TEM-135) was found, and the porB-based phylogenetic analysis showed a distant evolutionary relationship between isolates in 2007 and isolates in 2012. Conclusions: A high prevalence of PPNG and bla(TEM-135) was found in Nanjing, China. bla(TEM-135) might be a precursor in the evolution into an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase that can degrade ceftriaxone, which stresses the need to continuously monitor PPNG, bla(TEM-135), and additional evolving bla(TEM) gene variants.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Cunico, Larissa P., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced distribution kinetics in liquid-liquid extraction by CO2-expanded solvents
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Supercritical Fluids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8446. ; 163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a useful extraction technique for highly complex samples, however, it suffers from being slow due to mass transfer limitations. Carbon dioxide expanded liquids (CXL) is a good replacement of traditional organic solvents for extraction, and for the first time, the use of CXL in LLE was evaluated. An equipment consisting of a high-pressure view cell with on-line gas chromatography analysis was built and validated, and thereafter used to obtain novel phase equilibria data of the CO2/n-octanol/water system. The system was connected on-line to HPLC to study the potential of CO2-expanded liquid-liquid extraction (CXLLE) of pharmaceutical contaminants in water. In comparison with traditional LLE performed under similar experimental conditions, the addition of CO2 as a viscosity-lowering entrainer significantly increased the speed of mass transfer. Changes in compound log D (octanol-water distribution ratio) values brought by the CO2 expansion also proved the possibility of selectivity-tuning in CXLLE.
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| 41. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Dong, Jiajun, et al.
(författare)
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Decompression-Induced Diamond Formation from Graphite Sheared under Pressure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 124:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite is known to transform into diamond under dynamic compression or under combined high pressure and high temperature, either by a concerted mechanism or by a nucleation mechanism. However, these mechanisms fail to explain the recently reported discovery of diamond formation during ambient temperature compression combined with shear stress. Here we report a new transition pathway for graphite to diamond under compression combined with shear, based on results from both theoretical simulations and advanced experiments. In contrast to the known model for thermally activated diamond formation under pressure, the shear-induced diamond formation takes place during the decompression process via structural transitions. At a high pressure with large shear, graphite transforms into ultrastrong sp3 phases whose structures depend on the degree of shear stress. These metastable sp3 phases transform into either diamond or graphite upon decompression. Our results explain several recent experimental observations of low-temperature diamond formation. They also emphasize the importance of shear stress for diamond formation, providing new insight into the graphite-diamond transformation mechanism.
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| 45. |
- Guo, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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The Difference of Serum Protein Transport between Echinosides and Verbascoside
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. - : The chemical Society of Pakistan. - 0253-5106. ; 42:3, s. 369-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Verbascoside (VER) is the enzymatic hydrolysis product of echinacoside (ECH). The molecular structures of ECH and VER have different glucosyl groups so they bind to serum albumin in different ways, resulting in different pharmacological actions. In this report, we have examined the binding characteristics between human serum albumin (HSA) and ECH/VER by molecular modeling and spectroscopic approaches. Molecular modeling revealed that VER bound to HSA mainly through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic forces. The spectroscopic results showed that the interactions between HSA and VER/ECH involved a static binding process, and the bonding strength of the VER-HSA complex was stronger than that of the ECH-HSA complex. The value of the binding distances (r) was low, which indicated the occurrence of energy transfer. The reaction conformational pattern of HSA-VER and HSA-ECH gave a "two-state model" based on fluorescent phase diagram analysis. According to the thermodynamic model, the main forces between interaction of VER and HSA were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, whereas the interaction between ECH and HSA was hydrophobic force. The fluorescence polarization analysis demonstrated that the interaction between HSA and VER or ECH generated a non-covalent complex. Compared with ECH, VER was more likely to bind with HSA because of its smaller molecular size and low polarity. The results of the spectral analysis concurred with the molecular modeling data, which provides a helpful reference for the study of the molecular reaction mechanism of VER/ECH binding to HSA.
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| 46. |
- Han, Siyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Side-chain engineering of PEDOT derivatives as dopant-free hole-transporting materials for efficient and stable n-i-p structured perovskite solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7526 .- 2050-7534. ; 8:27, s. 9236-9242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-cost poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives have been widely used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, reports on the use of PEDOT-based HTMs in regular PSCs have been rather limited up till now due to the low solubility of PEDOT in organic solvents. In this work, we report three PEDOT derivatives, namely, PEDOT-C6 (P6), PEDOT-C10 (P10), and PEDOT-C14 (P14), with a simple synthetic process by tailoring the length of the alkyl side-chains, and apply them as dopant-free HTMs in mesoscopic n-i-p structured PSCs. It is revealed that the alkyl side-chain length has a significant impact on the film morphology, hole transport capability, and thus the overall solar cell performance. The devices with P10 afford a champion PCE of 16.2% at one sun illumination (100 mW cm(-2), AM 1.5G), which is significantly higher compared to those based on P6 (12.1%) and P14 (14.8%) under identical conditions. This has been the highest PCE reported so far for dopant-free PEDOT-based HTMs in conventional PSCs. The greatly enhanced photovoltaic performance observed for the P10-based devices is mainly attributed to the superior film formation property and hole transport capability of P10. Furthermore, the devices utilizing P10 also show excellent ambient stability, retaining 75% of their initial performance at a relative humidity (RH) of 80% after 120 h due to the high moisture resistivity of the HTM. The present work provides a new avenue for further developing low-cost, efficient, and stable HTMs in PSCs in the future.
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| 47. |
- Huang, Yuting, et al.
(författare)
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Host-Guest Strategy Enabling Nonhalogenated Solvent Processing for High-Performance All-Polymer Hosted Solar Cells
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chinese journal of chemistry. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1001-604X .- 1614-7065. ; 41:9, s. 1066-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), usually processed from low-boiling-point and toxic solvents, have reached high values of 18%. However, poor miscibility and uncontrollable crystallinity in polymer blends lead to a notable drop in the PCEs when using green solvents, limiting the practical development of all-PSCs. Herein, a third component (guest) BTO was employed to optimize the miscibility and enhance the crystallinity of PM6/PY2Se-F host film processed from green solvent toluene (TL), which can effectively suppress the excessive aggregation of PY2Se-F and facilitate a nano-scale interpenetrating network morphology for exciton dissociation and charge transport. As a result, TL-processed all-polymer hosted solar cells (all-PHSCs) exhibited an impressive PCE of 17.01%. Moreover, the strong molecular interaction between the host and guest molecules also enhances the thermal stability of the devices. Our host-guest strategy provides a unique approach to developing high-efficiency and stable all-PHSCs processed from green solvents, paving the way for the industrial development of all-PHSCs.
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| 48. |
- Hueting, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Design, structure and plasma binding of ancestral β-CoV scaffold antigens
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the application of ancestral sequence reconstruction on coronavirus spike protein, resulting in stable and highly soluble ancestral scaffold antigens (AnSAs). The AnSAs interact with plasma of patients recovered from COVID-19 but do not bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Cryo-EM analysis of the AnSAs yield high resolution structures (2.6–2.8 Å) indicating a closed pre-fusion conformation in which all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are facing downwards. The structures reveal an intricate hydrogen-bonding network mediated by well-resolved loops, both within and across monomers, tethering the N-terminal domain and RBD together. We show that AnSA-5 can induce and boost a broad-spectrum immune response against the wild-type RBD as well as circulating variants of concern in an immune organoid model derived from tonsils. Finally, we highlight how AnSAs are potent scaffolds by replacing the ancestral RBD with the wild-type sequence, which restores ACE2 binding and increases the interaction with convalescent plasma.
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| 49. |
- Huo, Rui-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Direct ab initio dynamics study of rate constants and kinetic isotope effects for C-2(A(3)Pi(u)) + CH3OH reaction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Physics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-3028 .- 0026-8976. ; 110:18, s. 2205-2217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrogen abstraction of CH3OH by C-2 (A(3)Pi(u)) has been investigated by direct ab initio dynamics over a wide temperature range 200-3000 K. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) have been constructed at the UCCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//UMP2/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. Two different hydrogen abstractions on the methyl and hydroxyl sites of methanol are considered. For the methyl H-abstraction, it is essentially a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), whereas the hydroxyl site H-abstraction is better described as a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) according to the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The results suggest that the methyl site reaction is dominant, and the calculated rate constants are roughly consistent with available experimental values. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) analysis reveals a substantial normal isotope effect in the methyl H-abstraction process, while normal and inverse KIEs coexist in the hydroxyl H-abstraction channel. Furthermore, the three and four-parameter expressions of Arrhenius rate constants are also provided within 200-3000 K.
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| 50. |
- Huo, Rui-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Direct ab initio study on the rate constants of radical C-2(A(3)Pi(u))+C3H8 reaction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Modeling. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1610-2940 .- 0948-5023. ; 19:3, s. 1009-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanism and kinetics of the radical C-3(2) + C3H8 reaction have been investigated theoretically by direct ab initio kinetics over a wide temperature range. The potential energy surfaces have been constructed at the CCSD(T)/B3//UMP2/B1 levels of theory. The electron transfer was also analyzed by quasi-restricted orbital (QRO) in detail. It was shown that all these channels proceed exclusively via hydrogen abstraction. The overall ICVT/SCT rate constants are in agreement with the available experimental results. The prediction shows that the secondary hydrogen of C3H8 abstraction by C-3(2) radical is the major pathway at low temperatures (below 700 K), while as the temperature increases, the primary hydrogen of C3H8 abstraction becomes more important and more favorable. A negative temperature dependence of the rate constants for the reaction of C-3(2) + C3H8 was observed. The three-(k (3)) and four-parameter (k (4)) rate-temperature expressions were also provided within 243-2000 K to facilitate future experimental studies.
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