| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Drlica-Wagner, A., et al.
(författare)
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SEARCH FOR GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM DES DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY CANDIDATES WITH FERMI-LAT DATA
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 809:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to their proximity, high dark-matter (DM) content, and apparent absence of non-thermal processes, Milky Way dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) are excellent targets for the indirect detection of DM. Recently, eight new dSph candidates were discovered using the first year of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We searched for gamma-ray emission coincident with the positions of these new objects in six years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. We found no significant excesses of gamma-ray emission. Under the assumption that the DES candidates are dSphs with DM halo properties similar to the known dSphs, we computed individual and combined limits on the velocity-averaged DM annihilation cross section for these new targets. If the estimated DM content of these dSph candidates is confirmed, they will constrain the annihilation cross section to lie below the thermal relic cross section for DM particles with masses less than or similar to 20 GeV annihilating via the b (b) over bar or pi(+)pi(-) channels.
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| 4. |
- Altheimer, A., et al.
(författare)
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Boosted objects and jet substructure at the LHC. Report of BOOST2012, held at IFIC Valencia, 23rd-27th of July 2012
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044. ; 74:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report of the BOOST2012 workshop presents the results of four working groups that studied key aspects of jet substructure. We discuss the potential of first-principle QCD calculations to yield a precise description of the substructure of jets and study the accuracy of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo tools. Limitations of the experiments' ability to resolve substructure are evaluated, with a focus on the impact of additional (pile-up) proton proton collisions on jet substructure performance in future LHC operating scenarios. A final section summarizes the lessons learnt from jet substructure analyses in searches for new physics in the production of boosted top quarks.
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| 9. |
- Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Civil Aircraft for the regular investigation of the atmosphere based on an instrumented container: The new CARIBIC system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - 1680-7324. ; 7:18, s. 4953-4976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An airfreight container with automated instruments for measurement of atmospheric gases and trace compounds was operated on a monthly basis onboard a Boeing 767-300 ER of LTU International Airways during long-distance flights from 1997 to 2002 (CARIBIC, Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container, http://www.caribic-atmospheric.com). Subsequently a more advanced system has been developed, using a larger capacity container with additional equipment and an improved inlet system. CARIBIC phase #2 was implemented on a new long-range aircraft type Airbus A340-600 of the Lufthansa German Airlines (Star Alliance) in December 2004, creating a powerful flying observatory. The instrument package comprises detectors for the measurement of O-3, total and gaseous H2O, NO and NOy, CO, CO2, O-2, Hg, and number concentrations of sub-micrometer particles (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm diameter). Furthermore, an optical particle counter (OPC) and a proton transfer mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) are incorporated. Aerosol samples are collected for analysis of elemental composition and particle morphology after flight. Air samples are taken in glass containers for laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, halocarbons and greenhouse gases (including isotopic composition of CO2) in several laboratories. Absorption tubes collect oxygenated volatile organic compounds. Three differential optical absorption spectrometers (DOAS) with their telescopes mounted in the inlet system measure atmospheric trace gases such as BrO, HONO, and NO2. A video camera mounted in the inlet provides information about clouds along the flight track. The flying observatory, its equipment and examples of measurement results are reported.
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| 17. |
- Ofer, O., et al.
(författare)
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Absolute value and temperature dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in Ba(Co 0.074Fe 0.926) 2As 2
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:6, s. 060506-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The absolute value and temperature dependence of the in-plane magnetic penetration depth lambda have been measured on a single crystal of Ba(Co0.074Fe0.926)(2)As-2 using low-energy muon-spin rotation and microwave cavity perturbation. The magnetic field profiles in the Meissner state are consistent with a local London model beyond a depth of 15 nm. We determine the gap symmetry through measurements of the temperature dependence of the superfluid density which follows a two-gap s-wave model over the entire temperature range below T-c. While the intermediate to high temperature data is well fit by an energy gap model in the BCS-like (weak-coupling) limit, a second smaller gap becomes apparent at low temperatures.
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| 18. |
- Dimai, HP, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of distal forearm fractures in Austria between 1989 and 2010
- 2014
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965. ; 25:9, s. 2297-2306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Dimai, HP, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of proximal humeral fractures in Austria between 1989 and 2008
- 2013
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965. ; 24:9, s. 2413-2421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Gartlehner, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Drug Class Review: Second-Generation Antidepressants: Final Update 5 Report [Internet].
- 2011
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness and harms of second-generation antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, subsyndromal depression, seasonal affective disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts until September 2010. For additional data we also hand searched reference lists, US Food and Drug Administration medical and statistical reviews and dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies.REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence, and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project review methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found no substantial differences in comparative efficacy and effectiveness of second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of depressive or anxiety disorders. Differences exist in the incidence of specific adverse events and the onset of action. Except for MDD, the evidence is limited to few direct comparisons for most indications. No head-to-head evidence is available for MDD in pediatric populations, dysthymia, subsyndromal depression, seasonal affective disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
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| 21. |
- Gerhards, R, et al.
(författare)
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Oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein as a novel target for pathogenic autoimmunity in the CNS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta neuropathologica communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2051-5960. ; 8:1, s. 207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise a broad spectrum of clinical entities. The stratification of patients based on the recognized autoantigen is of great importance for therapy optimization and for concepts of pathogenicity, but for most of these patients, the actual target of their autoimmune response is unknown. Here we investigated oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMGP) as autoimmune target, because OMGP is expressed specifically in the CNS and there on oligodendrocytes and neurons. Using a stringent cell-based assay, we detected autoantibodies to OMGP in serum of 8/352 patients with multiple sclerosis, 1/28 children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and unexpectedly, also in one patient with psychosis, but in none of 114 healthy controls. Since OMGP is GPI-anchored, we validated its recognition also in GPI-anchored form. The autoantibodies to OMGP were largely IgG1 with a contribution of IgG4, indicating cognate T cell help. We found high levels of soluble OMGP in human spinal fluid, presumably due to shedding of the GPI-linked OMGP. Analyzing the pathogenic relevance of autoimmunity to OMGP in an animal model, we found that OMGP-specific T cells induce a novel type of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis dominated by meningitis above the cortical convexities. This unusual localization may be directed by intrathecal uptake and presentation of OMGP by meningeal phagocytes. Together, OMGP-directed autoimmunity provides a new element of heterogeneity, helping to improve the stratification of patients for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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| 22. |
- Polyakov, A. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Electrical and luminescent properties and the spectra of deep centers in GaMnN/InGaN light-emitting diodes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0361-5235 .- 1543-186X. ; 33:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrical and electroluminescent properties were studied for GaN/InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the n-GaN layer up and with the top portion of the n layer made of undoped GaMnN to allow polarization modulation by applying an external magnetic field (so-called -spin-LEDs-). The contact annealing temperature was kept to 750°C, which is the thermal stability limit for retaining room-temperature magnetic ordering in the GaMnN layer. Measurable electroluminescence (EL) was obtained in these structures at threshold voltages of ∼15 V, with a lower EL signal compared to control LEDs without Mn. This is related to the existence of two parasitic junctions between the metal and the lower contact p-type layer and between the GaMnN and the n-GaN in the top contact layer.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Chen, Weimin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient spin relaxation in InGaN/GaN and InGaN/GaMnN quantum wells : An obstacle to spin detection
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 87:19, s. 192107-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transient magneto-optical spectroscopy of InGaNGaN and InGaNGaMnN quantum wells reveals a spin relaxation process with a characteristic time of 50 ps. We show that the observed spin relaxation is mediated by spin flips of individual carriers rather than by direct exciton spin flips, and is proposed to occur near the bottom of the exciton band (K=0). Nearly complete thermalization between spin sublevels of the excitons, observed immediately after the pulsed photoexcitation, is attributed to even faster spin relaxation of photogenerated hot carriers/excitons accompanying momentum and energy relaxation at high K vectors. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Chen, Weimin, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Spin relaxation in InGaN/Ga(Mn)N quantum wells
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American physical society. - 0003-0503. ; 50, s. 609-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proc. 2005 APS March Meeting, March 21-25, 2005; Los Angeles, CA, USA
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gartlehner, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder : an updated meta-analysis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Internal Medicine. - : American College of Physicians. - 0003-4819 .- 1539-3704. ; 155:11, s. 772-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Second-generation antidepressants dominate the management of major depressive disorder (MDD), but evidence on the comparative benefits and harms of these agents is contradictory.PURPOSE: To compare the benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating MDD in adults.DATA SOURCES: English-language studies from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts from 1980 to August 2011 and reference lists of pertinent review articles and gray literature.STUDY SELECTION: 2 independent reviewers identified randomized trials of at least 6 weeks' duration to evaluate efficacy and observational studies with at least 1000 participants to assess harm.DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers abstracted data about study design and conduct, participants, and interventions and outcomes and rated study quality. A senior reviewer checked and confirmed extracted data and quality ratings.DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses and mixed-treatment comparisons of response to treatment and weighted mean differences were conducted on specific scales to rate depression. On the basis of 234 studies, no clinically relevant differences in efficacy or effectiveness were detected for the treatment of acute, continuation, and maintenance phases of MDD. No differences in efficacy were seen in patients with accompanying symptoms or in subgroups based on age, sex, ethnicity, or comorbid conditions. Individual drugs differed in onset of action, adverse events, and some measures of health-related quality of life.LIMITATIONS: Most trials were conducted in highly selected populations. Publication bias might affect the estimates of some comparisons. Mixed-treatment comparisons cannot conclusively exclude differences in efficacy. Evidence within subgroups was limited.CONCLUSION: Current evidence does not warrant recommending a particular second-generation antidepressant on the basis of differences in efficacy. Differences in onset of action and adverse events may be considered when choosing a medication.PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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| 31. |
- Gartlehner, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression : An Update of the 2007 Comparative Effectiveness Review [Internet]
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and subsyndromal depression may be serious disabling illnesses. MDD affects more than 16 percent of adults at some point during their lifetimes. Second-generation antidepressants dominate the medical management of depressive disorders. These drugs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and other drugs with related mechanisms of action that selectively target neurotransmitters.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this report was to compare the benefits and harms of bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, sertraline, trazodone, and venlafaxine for the treatment of depressive disorders, including variations of effects in patients with accompanying symptoms and patient subgroups.DATA SOURCES: We updated a comparative effectiveness review published in 2007 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality searching PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts up to January 2011.REVIEW METHODS: Two people independently reviewed the literature, abstracted data, and rated the risk of bias. If data were sufficient, we conducted meta-analyses of head-to-head trials of the relative benefit of response to treatment. In addition, we conducted mixed treatment comparisons to derive indirect estimates of the comparative efficacy among all second-generation antidepressants.RESULTS: From a total of 3,722 citations, we identified 248 studies of good or fair quality. Overall, no substantial differences in efficacy could be detected among second-generation antidepressants for the treatment of acute-phase MDD. Statistically significant differences in response rates between some drugs are small and likely not clinically relevant. No differences in efficacy were apparent in patients with accompanying symptoms or in subgroups based on age, sex, ethnicity, or comorbidities, although evidence within these subpopulations was limited. Differences exist in the incidence of specific adverse events and the onset of action. Venlafaxine leads to higher rates of nausea and vomiting, sertraline to higher rates of diarrhea, and mirtazapine to higher rates of weight gain than comparator drugs. Bupropion causes lower rates of sexual dysfunction than other antidepressants. The evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions about the comparative efficacy and effectiveness for the treatment of dysthymia and subsyndromal depression.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the existing evidence does not warrant the choice of one second-generation antidepressant over another based on greater efficacy and effectiveness. Differences with respect to onset of action and adverse events may be taken into consideration for the choice of a medication.
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| 32. |
- Gluck-Thaler, Emile, et al.
(författare)
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Giant mobile elements : Agents of multivariate phenotypic evolution in fungi
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:5, s. R234-R236
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fungal mobile genetic elements are typically small, vertically inherited, and are not known to encode adaptive traits. A new study documents HEPHAESTUS - a large, horizontally transferred, cargo-carrying mobile element that confers tolerance to several metals in fungi.
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| 33. |
- Gluck-Thaler, Emile, et al.
(författare)
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Giant Starship Elements Mobilize Accessory Genes in Fungal Genomes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular biology and evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 39:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accessory genes are variably present among members of a species and are a reservoir of adaptive functions. In bacteria, differences in gene distributions among individuals largely result from mobile elements that acquire and disperse accessory genes as cargo. In contrast, the impact of cargo-carrying elements on eukaryotic evolution remains largely unknown. Here, we show that variation in genome content within multiple fungal species is facilitated by Starships, a newly discovered group of massive mobile elements that are 110 kb long on average, share conserved components, and carry diverse arrays of accessory genes. We identified hundreds of Starship-like regions across every major class of filamentous Ascomycetes, including 28 distinct Starships that range from 27 to 393 kb and last shared a common ancestor ca. 400 Ma. Using new long-read assemblies of the plant pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, we characterize four additional Starships whose activities contribute to standing variation in genome structure and content. One of these elements, Voyager, inserts into 5S rDNA and contains a candidate virulence factor whose increasing copy number has contrasting associations with pathogenic and saprophytic growth, suggesting Voyager's activity underlies an ecological trade-off. We propose that Starships are eukaryotic analogs of bacterial integrative and conjugative elements based on parallels between their conserved components and may therefore represent the first dedicated agents of active gene transfer in eukaryotes. Our results suggest that Starships have shaped the content and structure of fungal genomes for millions of years and reveal a new concerted route for evolution throughout an entire eukaryotic phylum.
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| 34. |
- Humar, Miha, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of the COST FP 1303 Cooperative Performance Test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 46th IRG Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- COST Action FP 1303 “Performance of bio-based building materials” successfully started in October 2013 and an ambitious program was set up for the four year programme. COST Actions provide an excellent opportunity for collaborative research, e.g. in the frame of Round Robin tests.The idea of this respective test was to distribute a fairly simple test set up to as many places in Europe as possible in order to collect performance data reflecting the range of climatic exposure conditions. Furthermore we wanted to consider performance in its manifold meaning, i.e. optical, aesthetical, moisture and functional performance and durability. In contrast to traditional Round Robin tests aiming on comparative evaluation and validation of results from different test laboratories, this initiative aims on collecting performance data under climatically different exposure conditions. Therefore it was required to provide weather data from the respective test sites to allow establishing relationships between climate conditions and the following measured, which shall be evaluated regularly: decay, discolouration, development of mould and other staining fungi, corrosion, formation of cracks and moisture performance (if data logging device is included). Further details about the test and the first outcomes are presented in this paper.
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| 35. |
- Pearton, SJ, et al.
(författare)
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Wide bandgap GaN-based semiconductors for spintronics
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 16:7, s. R209-R245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent results on achieving ferromagnetism in transition-metal-doped GaN, A1N and related materials are discussed. The field of semiconductor spintronics seeks to exploit the spin of charge carriers in new generations of transistors, lasers and integrated magnetic sensors. There is strong potential for new classes of ultra-low-power, high speed memory, logic and photonic devices based on spintronics. The utility of such devices depends on the availability of materials with practical magnetic ordering temperatures and most theories predict that the Curie temperature will be a strong function of bandgap. We discuss the current state-of-the-art in producing room temperature ferromagnetism in GaN-based materials, the origins of the magnetism and its potential applications.
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| 36. |
- Saunders-Pullman, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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International Genetic Testing and Counseling Practices for Parkinson's Disease.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - 0885-3185 .- 1531-8257. ; 38:8, s. 1527-1535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is growing clinical and research utilization of genetic testing in Parkinson's disease (PD), including direct-to-consumer testing.OBJECTIVES: The aim is to determine the international landscape of genetic testing in PD to inform future worldwide recommendations.METHODS: A web-based survey assessing current practices, concerns, and barriers to genetic testing and counseling was administered to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society membership.RESULTS: Common hurdles across sites included cost and access to genetic testing, and counseling, as well as education on genetic counseling. Region-dependent differences in access to and availability of testing and counseling were most notable in Africa. High-income countries also demonstrated heterogeneity, with European nations more likely to have genetic testing covered through insurance than Pan-American and Asian countries.CONCLUSIONS: This survey highlights not only diversity of barriers in different regions but also the shared and highly actionable needs for improved education and access to genetic counseling and testing for PD worldwide. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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