| 1. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
-
- 2019
-
swepub:Mat__t
|
|
| 2. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Brodelius, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
A Procedure for the Determination of Optimal Chitosan Concentrations for Elicitation of Cultured Plant Cells.
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Phytochemistry. - 0031-9422 .- 1873-3700. ; 28:10, s. 2651-2654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental method for determination of the optimum chitosan concentration for elicitation of plant cell suspension cultures is presented. The procedure, which is based on measurements of the conductivity of the culture medium after addition of chitosan, has been applied to suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum and Eschscholtzia californica. Increased conductivity of the medium (due to permeabilization of the cells) results in decreased secondary product formation and cell growth. Maximum product formation is observed for cells elicited with the highest chitosan concentration which does not affect membrane permeability.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Villegas, Mirza
(författare)
-
Elicitor-induced formation of secondary products in plant cell cultures. Production of benzophenanthridine alkaloids in Eschscholtzia californica Cham. and hydroxycinnamic acid tyramides in Nicotiana glutinosa L.
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biotic and abiotic elicitors induce biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phytoalexins) as a defense against pathogenic organisms in plants. The use of cell suspension cultures in combination with elicitors offer excellent experimental model systems for studies on various elicitor-induced responses of plant tissues. Various elicitors were added to cell suspension culture of Eschscholtzia californica and Nicotiana glutinosa to enhance secondary metabolite accumulation. Chitosan, a biotic elicitor, induced biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamoyltyramides in cell suspension cultures of N. glutinosa. These phenolic compounds were rapidly incorporated into insoluble cell wall material. Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the hydroxycinnamoyltyramides, i.e. phenylalanine ammonia lyase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, were all co-induced by elicitor treatment. The concentration of chitosan, resulting in elicitation but not in an irreversible permeabilization of the cells, was determined by a newly developed method based on measurements of conductivity of the cultivation medium. A carbohydrate fraction prepared from yeast extract, alginate or sodium orthovanadate induced the formation of benzophenthridine alkaloids (sanguinarine, chelerythrine and macarpine) in E. californica cell suspension cultures. The accumulation of benzophenanthridine alkaloids was accompanied by the stimulation of the activity of TDC, which is a key enzyme of isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. A large portion of alkaloids produced (around 40 %) was excreted from elicitor-treated cells of E. califonica into the cultivation medium. An exception to this was cells treated with orthovanadate which did not excrete alkaloids to the same extent (less than 10 %). We ascribe this inhibition of alkaloid transport to be due to depolarization of the plasma membrane as a result of inhibition of plasma membrane H+ ATPase by orthovanadate. An active transport system, possibly specific for benzophenanthridine alkaloids, may be present in plasma membranes of E. californica. Cells of E. californica, immobilization by entrapment in Ca2+-alginate gel, showed an increased and extended (up to two weeks) biosynthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Prolonged induction of TDC was also observed in entrapped cells.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
