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Sökning: WFRF:(Wang Shuo)

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1.
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2.
  • Kang, Xiangpeng, et al. (författare)
  • Isatis tinctoria L. combined with co-stimulatory molecules blockade prolongs survival of cardiac allografts in alloantigen-primed mice
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Transplant Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5492 .- 0966-3274. ; 23:1-2, s. 34-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Memory T cells present a unique challenge in transplantation. Although memory T cells express robust immune responses to invading pathogens. they may be resistant to the effects of immunosuppressive therapies used to prolong graft survival. In previous studies, we found that compound K. the synthesized analogue of highly unsaturated fatty acids from Isatis tinctoria L., reduced acute cardiac allograft rejection in mice (Wang et al., 2009 [1]). Here, we further investigated the effect of compound K on cardiac allograft rejection in alloantigen-primed mice. We found that compound K significantly inhibited CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In vivo, compound K combined with anti-CD154 and anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) significantly extended the survival time of heart grafts in alloantigen-primed mice with no obvious toxic side effects. Furthermore, our data suggests that compound K works by reducing the expression of both IL-2 and IFN-gamma within the graft rather than enhancing expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Compound K can also inhibit the alloresponses of memory T cells, while increasing the proportion of CD4(+) memory T cells in the spleen of the recipients and significantly reducing the level of alloantibodies in the serum. Our study highlights the unique immune effects of compound K that may be further explored for clinical use in extending the survival of transplant grafts. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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3.
  • Chen, Shiwei, et al. (författare)
  • A Discrete Event Simulation-Based Analysis of Precast Concrete Supply Chain Strategies Considering Suppliers’ Production and Transportation Capabilities
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: ICCREM 2019. - Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). ; , s. 12-24
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The production and transportation capabilities of a precast concrete (PC) component supplier have great impact on the construction of a PC building project. In China, the production and transportation capabilities of different PC suppliers can vary greatly, which will influence contractors’ selection of PC supply chain strategies. However, previous studies often considered the capabilities of PC suppliers to be ideal and failed to compare different PC supply chain strategies under different levels of suppliers capabilities. This study collects detailed data from a PC building project and uses discrete event simulation (DES) to compare different supply chain strategies under different production and transportation capability levels of PC suppliers. Construction duration, construction cost, and greenhouse gas emissions are selected as indicators to compare three different supply chain strategies: just-in-time, on-site storage, and off-site storage. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy under different capabilities of PC suppliers are found. The results provides guidance for contractors in selecting supply chain strategies when considering PC suppliers’ production and transportation capabilities.  
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4.
  • Chen, Yuwen, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the potential of transmittance vegetation indices for leaf functional traits retrieval
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: GIScience and Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1548-1603 .- 1943-7226. ; 60:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leaf functional traits are key indicators of plant functions useful for inferring complex plant processes, including their responses to environmental changes. Vegetation indices (VIs) composed of a few reflectance wavelengths hold the advantages of being relatively simple and effective and have been widely used within remote sensing to estimate leaf traits. However, the difference between the reflectance from the upper and lower part of the leaf suggests that leaf reflectance mainly provides one-sided information, constraining its ability to estimate leaf functional traits. Leaf transmittance, on the other hand, gives information about the whole leaf and has more potential to be sensitive to changes in leaf biochemistry. As transmittance-based VI is rare, this study aims to propose new transmittance-based VIs for accurate estimations of leaf traits. Three forms, i.e. the normalized difference VI, the simple ratio VI, and the difference VI were employed, and wavelength selection for transmittance-based and reflectance-based VIs were conducted, respectively. The applicability of these VIs for estimating four leaf functional traits (leaf chlorophyll (Cab), leaf carotenoids (Car), equivalent water thickness (EWT), and leaf mass per area (LMA)) were evaluated. Cross-validation using three datasets of field observations and sensitivity analysis showed that the VIs constructed using transmittance were relatively less affected by interferences from other leaf parameters, improving the estimation accuracy of Car, EWT, and LMA compared to their optimal reflectance counterparts (RMSE reduced by 2% to 15%, and MAE reduced by 7% to 20% for the pooled dataset). Our study revealed that the normalized difference VI based on transmittance showed considerable sensitivity to Car, EWT, and LMA, whereas the difference VI based on reflectance was effective in indicating Cab. The proposed transmittance-based VIs will aid remote monitoring of leaf traits and thereby plant adaptations and acclimation to changes in environmental conditions.
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5.
  • Chen, Yuwen, et al. (författare)
  • Optimized estimation of leaf mass per area with a 3d matrix of vegetation indices
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 13:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leaf mass per area (LMA) is a key plant functional trait closely related to leaf biomass. Estimating LMA in fresh leaves remains challenging due to its masked absorption by leaf water in the short-wave infrared region of reflectance. Vegetation indices (VIs) are popular variables used to estimate LMA. However, their physical foundations are not clear and the generalization ability is limited by the training data. In this study, we proposed a hybrid approach by establishing a three-dimensional (3D) VI matrix for LMA estimation. The relationship between LMA and VIs was con-structed using PROSPECT-D model simulations. The three-VI space constituting a 3D matrix was divided into cubical cells and LMA values were assigned to each cell. Then, the 3D matrix retrieves LMA through the three VIs calculated from observations. Two 3D matrices with different VIs were established and validated using a second synthetic dataset, and two comprehensive experimental datasets containing more than 1400 samples of 49 plant species. We found that both 3D matrices allowed good assessments of LMA (R2 = 0.76 and 0.78, RMSE = 0.0016 g/cm2 and 0.0017 g/cm2, re-spectively for the pooled datasets), and their results were superior to the corresponding single Vis, 2D matrices, and two machine learning methods established with the same VI combinations.
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6.
  • Dai, Helong, et al. (författare)
  • Blockade of CD27/CD70 pathway to reduce the generation of memory T cells and markedly prolong the survival of heart allografts in presensitized mice
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Transplant Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5492 .- 0966-3274. ; 24:4, s. 195-202
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Alloreactive memory T cells are a major obstacle to transplantation acceptance due to their capacity for accelerated rejection. Methods: C57BL/6 mice that had rejected BALB/c skin grafts 4 weeks earlier were used as recipients. The recipient mice were treated with anti-CD154/LFA-1 with or without anti-CD70 during the primary skin transplantation and anti-CD154/LFA-1 or not during the secondary transplantation of BALB/c heart. We evaluated the impact of combinations of antibody-mediated blockade on the generation of memory T cells and graft survival after fully MHC-mismatched transplantations. Results: One month after the primary skin transplantation, the proportions of CD4(+) memory T cells/CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+)memory T cells/CD8(+) T cells in the anti-CD154/LFA-1 combination group were 47.32 +/- 428% and 23.18 +/- 2.77%, respectively. In the group that included anti-CD70 treatment, the proportions were reduced to 34.10 +/- 2.71% and 12.19 +/- 3.52% (P<0.05 when comparing the proportion of memory T cells between the two groups). The addition of anti-CD70 to the treatment regimen prolonged the mean survival time following secondary heart transplantation from 10 days to more than 90 days (P<0.001). Furthermore, allogenic proliferation of recipient splenic T cells and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the proportion of regulatory T cells was increased to 9.46 +/- 1.48% on day 100 post-transplantation (P<0.05). Conclusions: The addition of anti-CD70 to the anti-CD154/LFA-1 combination given during the primary transplantation reduced the generation of memory T cells. This therapy regimen provided a potential means to alleviate the accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells during secondary heart transplantation and markedly prolong the survival of heart allografts. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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7.
  • Feng, Kailun, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Embedding Ensemble Learning into Construction Optimisation : A Computational Reduction Approach
  • 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Simulation-based optimisation (SO), which combines simulation and optimisation technologies, is a popular approach for construction planning optimisation. However, in the framework of SO, the simulation is continuously invoked during the optimisation trajectory, which increases the computing loads to levels that are unrealistic to support the real-time construction decision. This study proposes ensemble learning embedded simulation optimisation (ESO) as an alternative approach for construction optimisation. The ensemble learning (EL) algorithm modifies the SO framework through establishing a connection between the simulation and optimisation technologies. This approach reduces the computing loads associated with the conventional SO framework by accurately learning from simulations and providing efficient fitness evaluations for optimisation. A large-scale project application shows that the proposed approach was able to reduce the computing loads of SO by approximately 90% yet still provide comparable optimisation quality. The proposed method is an alternative approach to SO that can be run on standard computing platforms and supports nearly real-time optimisation decisions.
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8.
  • Feng, Kailun, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Embedding ensemble learning into simulation-based optimisation : a learning-based optimisation approach for construction planning
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Engineering Construction and Architectural Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0969-9988 .- 1365-232X. ; 30:1, s. 259-295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose - Simulation-based optimisation (SO) is a popular optimisation approach for building and civil engineering construction planning. However, in the framework of SO, the simulation is continuously invoked during the optimisation trajectory, which increases the computational loads to levels unrealistic for timely construction decisions. Modification on the optimisation settings such as reducing searching ability is a popular method to address this challenge, but the quality measurement of the obtained optimal decisions, also termed as optimisation quality, is also reduced by this setting. Therefore, this study aims to develop an optimisation approach for construction planning that reduces the high computational loads of SO and provides reliable optimisation quality simultaneously.Design/methodology/approach - This study proposes the optimisation approach by modifying the SO framework through establishing an embedded connection between simulation and optimisation technologies. This approach reduces the computational loads and ensures the optimisation quality associated with the conventional SO approach by accurately learning the knowledge from construction simulations using embedded ensemble learning algorithms, which automatically provides efficient and reliable fitness evaluations for optimisation iterations.Findings - A large-scale project application shows that the proposed approach was able to reduce computational loads of SO by approximately 90%. Meanwhile, the proposed approach outperformed SO in terms of optimisation quality when the optimisation has limited searching ability.Originality/value - The core contribution of this research is to provide an innovative method that improves efficiency and ensures effectiveness, simultaneously, of the well-known SO approach in construction applications. The proposed method is an alternative approach to SO that can run on standard computing platforms and support nearly real-time construction on-site decision-making.
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9.
  • Feng, Kailun, et al. (författare)
  • Planning Construction Projects in Deep Uncertainty : A Data-Driven Uncertainty Analysis Approach
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862. ; 148:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Construction planning is significantly affected by many uncertain factors derived from construction tasks, the environments, resources, technologies, personnel, and more. Uncertainty analysis approaches are thus critical to supporting the decision making associated with construction planning. However, the precise probability distributions (PDs) of uncertain factors are sometimes inaccessible, especially for construction projects in a novel context with limited previous experiences or similar references. These situations constitute a deep uncertainty problem, and probability-based methods are no longer applicable for construction planning. To address this challenge, an uncertainty analysis approach that integrates Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), discrete-event simulation (DES), and the patient rule induction method (PRIM) is proposed. Specifically, it is progressed by LHS and DES to generate a wide array of uncertainty scenarios represented by possible PDs to quantify the robustness of various construction decisions; then, PRIM is used to identify the vulnerable scenarios that will jeopardize project completion. The approach was implemented on a real-world project, and the results demonstrated that it was able to identify the most robust construction schemes and vulnerable scenarios for construction planning. This research contributes a data-driven technology that provides an uncertainty analysis approach for construction planning without relying on assumed probability distributions from limited, unreliable project references.
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10.
  • He, Chunmei, et al. (författare)
  • A new vegetation index combination for leaf carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio : minimizing the effect of their correlation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Digital Earth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-8947 .- 1753-8955. ; 16:1, s. 272-288
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ratio of leaf carotenoid to chlorophyll (Car/Chl) is an indicator of vegetation photosynthesis, development and responses to stress. However, the correlation between Car and Chl, and their overlapping absorption in the visible spectral domain pose a challenge for optical remote sensing of their ratio. This study aims to investigate combinations of vegetation indices (VIs) to minimize the influence of Car-Chl correlation, thus being more sensitive to the variability in the ratio across vegetation species and sites. VIs sensitive to Car and Chl variability were combined into four candidates of combinations, using a simulated dataset from the PROSPECT model. The VI combinations were then tested using six simulated datasets with different Car-Chl correlations, and evaluated against four independent datasets. The ratio of the carotenoid triangle ratio index (CTRI) with the red-edge chlorophyll index (CIred-edge) was found least influenced by the Car-Chl correlation and demonstrated a superior ability for estimating Car/Chl variability. Compared with published VIs and two machine learning algorithms, CTRI/CIred-edge also showed the optimal performance in the four field datasets. This new VI combination could be useful to provide insights in spatiotemporal variability in the leaf Car/Chl ratio, applicable for assessing vegetation physiology, phenology, and response to environmental stress. Trial registration:Clinical Trials Registry India identifier: CTRI/.
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11.
  • He, Chunmei, et al. (författare)
  • PROSPECT-GPR : Exploring spectral associations among vegetation traits in wavelength selection for leaf mass per area and water contents
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Science of Remote Sensing. - 2666-0172. ; 8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leaf mass per area (LMA) and equivalent water thickness (EWT) are key indicators providing information on plant growth status and agricultural management, and their retrieval is commonly done through radiative transfer models (RTMs) such as the PROSPECT model. However, the PROSPECT model is frequently hampered by the ill-posed problem as a consequence of measurement and model uncertainties. Here, we propose a wavelength selection method to improve the inversion of EWT and LMA by integrating PROSPECT with a machine learning algorithm (Gaussian process regression (GPR); PROSPECT-GPR for short). The GPR model conducted sorting of wavelengths and the PROSPECT-D was used to determine the optimal number of characteristic wavelengths. The results demonstrated that the estimation of EWT (R2 = 0.80; RMSE = 0.0021) and LMA (R2 = 0.71; RMSE = 0.0021) using the proposed wavelengths and PROSPECT inversion all exhibited superior accuracy in comparison with those from previous studies. The efficacy of PROSPECT-GPR in exploring the spectral linkage among vegetation traits was demonstrated by selecting wavelengths associated with leaf structure parameter N and EWT (1368 nm) that turn out to contribute to the estimation of LMA. The findings lay a strong foundation for understanding the spectral linkage among vegetation traits, and the proposed wavelength selection method provides valuable insights for selecting informative spectral wavelengths for RTMs inversion and designing future remote sensors.
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12.
  • Ji, Qinglei, et al. (författare)
  • Development of a 3D Printed Multi-Axial Force Sensor
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. - : IOS Press.
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Sensors play a vital role in the industry transformation. Commercialsensors such as force sensors have limited options in shapes, stiffness, measuringranges, etc. Customized force sensors optimized for the production environmentcan greatly increase the integration workflow and avoid the trade-off in design freedomof using commercial sensors. 3D printing, as a rapid prototyping technology,offers great potential in fabricating force sensors customized to a specific application.However, most of the existing 3D printed force sensors are limited to onedirectionalsensing, while most of them use materials developed in-house. In thisstudy, a fully 3D printed force sensor using commercial conductive 3D printing materialsis presented. By utilizing the resistance change when under load, the sensorcan estimate the applied force in multiple directions. The resistive performance ofthe prototype 3D printed force sensor is first characterized and then validated in acase study.
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13.
  • Ji, Qinglei, et al. (författare)
  • Omnidirectional walking of a quadruped robot enabled by compressible tendon-driven soft actuators
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (<em>IROS 2022</em>), Kyoto, October 23–27, 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 11015-11022
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using soft actuators as legs, soft quadruped robots have shown great potential in traversing unstructured and complex terrains and environments. However, unlike rigid robots whose gaits can be generated using foot pattern design and kinematic model of the rigid legs, the gait generation of soft quadruped robots remains challenging due to the high DoFs of the soft actuators and the uncertain deformations during their contact with the ground. This study is based on a quadruped robot using four Compressible Tendon-driven Soft Actuators (CTSAs) as the legs, with the actuator's compression motion being utilized to improve the walking performance of the robot. For the gait design, an inverse kinematics model considering the compression of the CTSA is developed and validated in simulation. Based on this model, walking gaits realizing different motion speeds and directions are generated. Closed loop direction and speed controllers are developed for increasing the robustness and precision of the robot walking. Simulation and experimental results show that omnidirectional locomotion and complex walking tasks can be realized by tuning the gait parameters and the motions are resistant to external disturbances.
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14.
  • Ji, Qinglei, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesizing the optimal gait of a quadruped robot with soft actuators using deep reinforcement learning
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 78, s. 102382-102382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Quadruped robots have the advantages of traversing complex terrains that are difficult for wheeled robots. Most of the reported quadruped robots are built by rigid parts. This paper proposes a new design of quadruped robots using soft actuators driven by tendons as the four legs. Compared to the rigid robots, the proposed soft quadruped robot has inherent safety, less weight and simpler mechanism for fabrication and control, but the corresponding challenge is that the accurate mathematical model applicable to model-based control design of the soft robot is difficult to derive by dynamics. To synthesize the optimal gait controller of the soft-legged robot, the paper makes the following contributions. First, the flexible components of the quadruped robot are modeled with different finite element and lumped parameter methods. The model accuracy and computation efficiency are analyzed. Second, soft actor–critic methods and curriculum learning are applied to learn the optimal gaits for different walking tasks. Third, The learned gaits are implemented in an in-house robot to transport hand tools. Preliminary results show that the robot can walk forward and correct the walking directions.
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15.
  • Mehta, Raghav, et al. (författare)
  • QU-BraTS : MICCAI BraTS 2020 Challenge on QuantifyingUncertainty in Brain Tumor Segmentation - Analysis of Ranking Scores and Benchmarking Results
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging. - 2766-905X. ; , s. 1-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Deep learning (DL) models have provided the state-of-the-art performance in a wide variety of medical imaging benchmarking challenges, including the Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenges. However, the task of focal pathology multi-compartment segmentation (e.g., tumor and lesion sub-regions) is particularly challenging, and potential errors hinder the translation of DL models into clinical workflows. Quantifying the reliability of DL model predictions in the form of uncertainties, could enable clinical review of the most uncertain regions, thereby building trust and paving the way towards clinical translation. Recently, a number of uncertainty estimation methods have been introduced for DL medical image segmentation tasks. Developing scores to evaluate and compare the performance of uncertainty measures will assist the end-user in making more informed decisions. In this study, we explore and evaluate a score developed during the BraTS 2019-2020 task on uncertainty quantification (QU-BraTS), and designed to assess and rank uncertainty estimates for brain tumor multi-compartment segmentation. This score (1) rewards uncertainty estimates that produce high confidence in correct assertions, and those that assign low confidence levels at incorrect assertions, and (2) penalizes uncertainty measures that lead to a higher percentages of under-confident correct assertions. We further benchmark the segmentation uncertainties generated by 14 independent participating teams of QU-BraTS 2020, all of which also participated in the main BraTS segmentation task. Overall, our findings confirm the importance and complementary value that uncertainty estimates provide to segmentation algorithms, and hence highlight the need for uncertainty quantification in medical image analyses. Our evaluation code is made publicly available at https://github.com/RagMeh11/QU-BraTS
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16.
  • Sun, Jia, et al. (författare)
  • Leaf pigment retrieval using the PROSAIL model : Influence of uncertainty in prior canopy-structure information
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Crop Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-5421 .- 2214-5141. ; 10:5, s. 1251-1263
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leaf pigments are critical indicators of plant photosynthesis, stress, and physiological conditions. Inversion of radiative transfer models (RTMs) is a promising method for robustly retrieving leaf biochemical traits from canopy observations, and adding prior information has been effective in alleviating the “ill-posed” problem, a major challenge in model inversion. Canopy structure parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI) and average leaf inclination angle (ALA), can serve as prior information for leaf pigment retrieval. Using canopy spectra simulated from the PROSAIL model, we estimated the effects of uncertainty in LAI and ALA used as prior information for lookup table-based inversions of leaf chlorophyll (Cab) and carotenoid (Car). The retrieval accuracies of the two pigments were increased by use of the priors of LAI (RMSE of Cab from 7.67 to 6.32 μg cm−2, Car from 2.41 to 2.28 μg cm−2) and ALA (RMSE of Cab from 7.67 to 5.72 μg cm−2, Car from 2.41 to 2.23 μg cm−2). However, this improvement deteriorated with an increase of additive and multiplicative uncertainties, and when 40% and 20% noise was added to LAI and ALA respectively, these priors ceased to increase retrieval accuracy. Validation using an experimental winter wheat dataset also showed that compared with Car, the estimation accuracy of Cab increased more or deteriorated less with uncertainty in prior canopy structure. This study demonstrates possible limitations of using prior information in RTM inversions for retrieval of leaf biochemistry, when large uncertainties are present.
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17.
  • Sun, Jia, et al. (författare)
  • Optimizing LUT-based inversion of leaf chlorophyll from hyperspectral lidar data : Role of cost functions and regulation strategies
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-8432. ; 105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Hyperspectral lidar (HSL) is a novel remote sensing technology that provides spectral information in addition to spatial features. This unprecedented data source leads to new possibilities for monitoring leaf biochemistry. Inversion of physically based radiative transfer models (RTMs) is a popular method for deriving leaf physiological traits due to its robustness and generalization capability. However, owing to the active nature of the HSL system, RTM inversion using the backscattered reflectance spectra may face new problems. Thus, optimization strategies for RTM inversion based on HSL measurements need to be studied. In this paper, several regulation strategies for lookup table (LUT)-based PROSPECT model inversions were explored for an HSL system. In particular, the influences of i) different cost functions, ii) multiple best solutions (1–1000), iii) different LUT sizes (100–100000), and iv) spectral domains for leaf chlorophyll (Chl) retrieval were analyzed. An evaluation against an experimental dataset of rice leaves indicated that i) least-squares estimation (LSE) provided better estimates than seven alternative cost functions when more than 200 solutions were taken; ii) accuracy in leaf Chl retrieval increased up until 200 solutions where after it stabilized; iii) the impact of LUT size became insignificant after 1000; and iv) the red edge was the spectral domain that had the largest impact on the inversion performance. The optimal performance of leaf Chl estimation reached R2 of 0.58 and RMSE of 0.69 between the z-scores from retrieved and measured leaf Chl. The practical application of combining RTM with HSL data will facilitate the detection of leaf-level biochemistry and advance research on terrestrial carbon cycle modeling.
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18.
  • Wang, Meng, et al. (författare)
  • Joint Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation for MIMO-NOMA Assisted Multi-User MEC Systems
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 71:7, s. 4360-4376
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper investigates the resource allocation and computation offloading problem for multi-access edge computing (MEC) systems, where multiple mobile users (MUs) equipped with multiple antennas access the base station in a non-orthogonal multiple access manner. We jointly optimize the offloading ratio, computational frequency and transmit precoding matrix of each MU to minimize the total energy consumption of all MUs while satisfying the latency constraints. The problem is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem and a two-layer iterative method is proposed to solve the problem efficiently with low complexity. Specifically, we first decompose the original problem into several subproblems, and then sequentially solve these subproblems in an alternative fashion. Furthermore, we also discuss the optimal decoding order of MUs under two different scenarios. Firstly, when the MUs' channel conditions are similar, by deriving closed-form expressions for energy consumptions of all MUs, we prove that the optimal decoding order is only determined by the latency requirements. On the other hand, when the MUs' channel conditions are different, we show that the optimal decoding order is determined by both the channel conditions and the latency requirements. As such, we propose a metric aiming to balance the effects of channel conditions and latency requirements on the MUs' decoding order. Simulation results validate the convergence of the proposed method and demonstrate its superiority over benchmark algorithms.
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19.
  • Zhang, Longhai, et al. (författare)
  • Rational Design of Multinary Metal Chalcogenide Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 Nanocrystals for Efficient Potassium Storage
  • Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - 0935-9648.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Multinary metal chalcogenides hold considerable promise for high-energy potassium storage due to their numerous redox reactions. However, challenges arise from issues such as volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here, a design featuring a layered ternary Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 anchored on graphene layers as a composite anode, where Bi atoms act as a lattice softening agent on Sb, is presented. Benefiting from the lattice arrangement in Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and structure, Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene exhibits a mitigated expansion of 28% during the potassiation/depotassiation process and demonstrates facile K+ ion transfer kinetics, enabling long-term durability of 500 cycles at various high rates. Operando synchrotron diffraction patterns and spectroscopies including in situ Raman, ex situ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron reveal multiple conversion and alloying/dealloying reactions for potassium storage at the atomic level. In addition, both theoretical calculations and electrochemical examinations elucidate the K+ migration pathways and indicate a reduction in energy barriers within Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene, thereby suggesting enhanced diffusion kinetics for K+. These findings provide insight in the design of durable high-energy multinary tellurides for potassium storage.
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20.
  • Bian, Wenjie, et al. (författare)
  • Diffusion behavior of Se(IV) and Re(VII) in biotite: effects of dry density and ionic strength
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 332:11, s. 4413-4425
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Biotite is an important adsorption carrier in the constituent minerals of Beishan granite. In this work, the effects of compaction density and ionic strength on the diffusion behavior of Se(IV) and Re(VII) in biotite were studied by capillary in-diffusion method and diffusion cell through-diffusion method. When the compaction density decreases or the ionic strength increases, the apparent diffusion coefficient increases, and its values range between 10–11 and 10–9 m2/s. The relationship between De and εacc, ionic strength and εacc was fitted using Archie's law and compared with the parameters of other researchers.
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21.
  • Boudreau, Mathieu, et al. (författare)
  • Repeat it without me: Crowdsourcing the T1 mapping common ground via the ISMRM reproducibility challenge
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE. - 0740-3194 .- 1522-2594. ; 92:3, s. 1115-1127
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose T-1 mapping is a widely used quantitative MRI technique, but its tissue-specific values remain inconsistent across protocols, sites, and vendors. The ISMRM Reproducible Research and Quantitative MR study groups jointly launched a challenge to assess the reproducibility of a well-established inversion-recovery T-1 mapping technique, using acquisition details from a seminal T-1 mapping paper on a standardized phantom and in human brains. Methods The challenge used the acquisition protocol from Barral et al. (2010). Researchers collected T-1 mapping data on the ISMRM/NIST phantom and/or in human brains. Data submission, pipeline development, and analysis were conducted using open-source platforms. Intersubmission and intrasubmission comparisons were performed. Results Eighteen submissions (39 phantom and 56 human datasets) on scanners by three MRI vendors were collected at 3 T (except one, at 0.35 T). The mean coefficient of variation was 6.1% for intersubmission phantom measurements, and 2.9% for intrasubmission measurements. For humans, the intersubmission/intrasubmission coefficient of variation was 5.9/3.2% in the genu and 16/6.9% in the cortex. An interactive dashboard for data visualization was also eveloped: https://rrsg2020.dashboards.neurolibre.org. Conclusion The T-1 intersubmission variability was twice as high as the intrasubmission variability in both phantoms and human brains, indicating that the acquisition details in the original paper were insufficient to reproduce a quantitative MRI protocol. This study reports the inherent uncertainty in T-1 measures across independent research groups, bringing us one step closer to a practical clinical baseline of T-1 variations in vivo.
  •  
22.
  • Chang, Qi, et al. (författare)
  • DeepRecon : Joint 2D Cardiac Segmentation and 3D Volume Reconstruction via a Structure-Specific Generative Method
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2022 - 25th International Conference, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783031164392 ; 13434 LNCS, s. 567-577
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Joint 2D cardiac segmentation and 3D volume reconstruction are fundamental in building statistical cardiac anatomy models and understanding functional mechanisms from motion patterns. However, due to the low through-plane resolution of cine MR and high inter-subject variance, accurately segmenting cardiac images and reconstructing the 3D volume are challenging. In this study, we propose an end-to-end latent-space-based framework, DeepRecon, that generates multiple clinically essential outcomes, including accurate image segmentation, synthetic high-resolution 3D image, and 3D reconstructed volume. Our method identifies the optimal latent representation of the cine image that contains accurate semantic information for cardiac structures. In particular, our model jointly generates synthetic images with accurate semantic information and segmentation of the cardiac structures using the optimal latent representation. We further explore downstream applications of 3D shape reconstruction and 4D motion pattern adaptation by the different latent-space manipulation strategies. The simultaneously generated high-resolution images present a high interpretable value to assess the cardiac shape and motion. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on multiple fronts including 2D segmentation, 3D reconstruction, downstream 4D motion pattern adaption performance.
  •  
23.
  • Chen, Mingming, et al. (författare)
  • Carbon anode in direct carbon fuel cell
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 35:7, s. 2732-2736
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) is a kind of high temperature fuel cell using carbon materials directly as anode. Electrochemical reactivity and surface property of carbon were taken into account in this paper. Four representative carbon samples were selected. The most suitable ratio of the ternary eutectic mixture Li2CO3-K2CO3-Al2O3 was determined at 1.05:1.2:1(mass ration). Conceptual analysis for electrochemical reactivity of carbon anode shows the importance of (1) reactive characteristics including lattice disorder, edge-carbon ratio and the number of short alkyl side chain of carbon material, which builds the prime foundation of the anodic half-cell reaction; (2) surface wetting ability, which assures the efficient contact of anode surface with electrolyte. It indicates that anode reaction rate and DCFC output can be notably improved if carbon are pre-dispersed into electrolyte before acting as anode, due to the straightway shift from cathode to anode for CO32- provided by electrolyte soaked in carbon material.
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24.
  • Cheng, Jie, et al. (författare)
  • RE (La, Nd and Yb) doped CeO2 abrasive particles for chemical mechanical polishing of dielectric materials : Experimental and computational analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : ELSEVIER. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 506
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ce3+ in CeO2, rather than Ce4+, is believed to provide assistance to the breaking up of Si-O bond during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of silica. In the paper, lanthanide metals (La, Nd and Yb) doped CeO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by modified incipient impregnation method in order to improve the content of Ce3+ in CeO2 as polishing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments and density function theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate this approach could achieve surface doping of CeO2 nanoparticles, and facilitates the formation of oxygen vacancy and Ce3+ content. CMP experiments show that the polishing rate and the surface quality of silica wafer are obviously improved by using the doped CeO2 as abrasive particles. Especially for Nd/CeO2, content of Ce3+ increases from 0.146 to 0.235, the polishing rate of silica is accelerated by 29.6% in alkaline slurries, and a better surface quality (Sa = 9.6 angstrom) is obtained.
  •  
25.
  • Dong, Beibei, et al. (författare)
  • Negative emission potential from biomass/waste combined heat and power plants integrated with CO2 capture : An approach from the national perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 467
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Integrating carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in biomass or waste-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants has been considered a key measure to achieve negative emissions. To support decision-making, an accurate assessment of the potential contribution and the associated cost from the national perspective is urgently needed. This paper proposed a bottom-up approach based on a dynamic modelling to evaluate the potental of nationwide negative emissions. As heat supply is often prioritized by CHP plants, unchanged heat generation is a prerequisite of this study. Two operating modes (OMs) for the integration of CO2 capture are investigated, which can represent the upper and lower boundaries of CO2 capture: OM1 aims to maximize the amount of captured CO2, while electricity generation can be sacrificed; OM2 aims to maximize the amount of captured CO2, while the electricity generation is maintained unchanged. Sweden is employed as a case study. Results show that operating CO2 capture in OM1 can achieve 8.7 million ton CO2 nationwide negative emissions a year, while operating CO2 capture in OM2 can generate 4.3 million ton CO2 positive emissions a year, which represents a reduction of 6.3 million tonCO2 a year compared with the reference plant without CO2 capture. The levelized costs of CO2 avoided are 36.9 USD/tonCO2 and 52.0 USD/tonCO2 for OM1 and OM2, respectively. The biogenic fraction of waste has a significant influence on negative emissions. According to the Swedish climate goal about bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS), to achieve 3 million ton negative CO2 emissions a year, the minimum biogenic fractions should be 32.8% and 84.3% for operating CO2 capture in OM1 and OM2, respectively; in contrast, to achieve 10 million ton negative emissions a year, biomass and waste-fired CHP plants have to operate CO2 capture in OM1 and the biogenic fraction needs to be over 59.9%.
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26.
  • Feng, Kailun, 1991-, et al. (författare)
  • Uncertainty Analysis Approach for Construction under Deep Uncertainty
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of construction engineering and management. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9364 .- 1943-7862.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Construction processes usually occur under uncertain conditions, such as uncertain labour work productivity, equipment failure rate, weather situation and off-site transport condition. These uncertain factors can significantly affect project outcomes. However, for projects lacking a full understanding of uncertain factors, uncertainty analysis approaches relying on prior probability distribution or reasonable range are no longer applicable. Situations in which uncertain factors cannot be fully understood in decision-making are defined as deep uncertainty problems.This study proposes an uncertainty analysis approach that integrates process simulation and data mining to be a data-driven method for decision-making in construction projects under deep uncertainty. In process simulation, a Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) generates the samples of uncertainty scenario, and Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) quantifies robustness of alternative schemes under uncertain scenarios. In data mining, the Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM) algorithm reveals the vulnerability of decisions that lead to unacceptable project performance. A real construction case was used to test the presented approach, with the results revealing that the approach is valuable for decision-makers who need to analyse uncertainty without reliable prior probability distributions and reasonable range of certain uncertain factors. It quantified the robustness of various construction schemes, as well as identified the vulnerable scenarios that could jeopardise project completion. The developed approach is an applicable uncertainty analysis approach to support decision-making of construction project under deep uncertainty.
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27.
  • He, Haoran, et al. (författare)
  • Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013. ; 30:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Microbes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18-m depth profiles at 20–50-cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi-arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant-derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep-soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole-soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
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28.
  • Hu, Zengyun, et al. (författare)
  • “Dry gets drier, wet gets wetter”: A case study over the arid regions of central Asia
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Climatology. - : Wiley. - 0899-8418 .- 1097-0088. ; 39:2, s. 1072-1091
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2018 Royal Meteorological Society The “dry gets drier, wet gets wetter” (DGDWGW) paradigm well describes the pattern of precipitation changes over the oceans. However, it has also been usually considered as a simplified pattern of regional changes in wet/dry under global warming, although GCMs mostly do not agree this pattern over land. To examine the validity of this paradigm over land and evaluate how usage of drought indices estimated from different hydrological variables affects detection of regional wet/dry trends, we take the arid regions of central Asia as a case study area and estimate the drying and wetting trends during the period of 1950–2015 based on multiple drought indices. These indices include the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and self-calibrating PDSI (sc_PDSI) with both the Thornthwaite (th) and Penman–Monteith (pm) equations in PDSI calculation (namely, PDSI_th, PDSI_pm, sc_PDSI_th and sc_PDSI_pm). The results show that there is an overall agreement among the indices in terms of inter-annual variation, especially for the PDSIs. All drought indices except SPI show a drying trend over the five states of central Asia (CAS5: including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). The four PDSIs and SPEI reveal a wetting tendency over the northwestern China (NW; including Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hexi Corridor). The contrasting trends between CAS5 and NW can also be revealed in soil moisture (SM) variations. The nonlinear wet and dry variations are dominated by the 3–7 years oscillations for the indices. Relationships between the six indices and climate variables show the major drought drivers have regional features: with mean temperature (TMP), precipitation total (PRE) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for CAS5, and PRE and PET for NW. Finally, our analyses indicate that the dry and wet variations are strongly correlated with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
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29.
  • Huang, Can, et al. (författare)
  • Stabilizing the Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3/Li interface with an in situ constructed multifunctional interlayer for high energy density batteries
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:48, s. 25500-25508
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The sodium super-ionic conductor (NASICON)-type solid-state electrolyte Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) is an attractive alternative to liquid electrolytes for lithium batteries. The rapid development of LATP, however, is hindered by its poor interfacial compatibilities against the Li metal. Herein, a flexible membrane coating layer consisting of Mg3N2 and PVDF has been adopted to modify LATP via a simple drop-casting method. A multifunctional interlayer with Mg, LiF and Li3N is in situ constructed by the reaction of the coating layer with the Li metal. The decomposition of LATP has been restrained and interfacial ionic transport kinetics has been improved with the modification. Benefitting from the multifunctional interlayer, the critical current density of LATP is improved from 0.34 mA cm−2 to 0.76 mA cm−2. The symmetric cells assembled with the modified LATP exhibit a stable cycle for more than 1000 h at 0.20 mA cm−2, and the Li/LiFePO4 cells after modification have a capacity retention of 80% after 385 cycles at 2C. The present work demonstrates a promising strategy for fine interfacial stability tuning and low-impedance LATP.
  •  
30.
  • Huang, Shuo (författare)
  • Quantum-Mechanical Modeling of High-Entropy Alloys
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • High-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multi-principal elements open up a near-infinite compositional space for materials design. Extensive attention has been put on HEAs, and interesting structural, physical and chemical properties are being continuously revealed. Based on first-principle theory, here we focus on the fundamental characteristics of HEAs, as well as on the optimization and prediction of alternative alloy with promising technological applications.The relative phase stability of different-types of HEAs is investigated from the minimum of structural energy, and the composition-, temperature-, and ordering-induced phase transformations are presented. The elastic properties are discussed through the single-crystal and polycrystalline elastic moduli by making use of a series of phenomenological models. The competition between full slip, twinning, and stacking fault in face-centered cubic HEAs is analyzed by studying the generalized stacking fault energy. The magnetic characteristics are provided through the Heisenberg Hamiltonian model in connection with Monte-Carlo simulation, and the Curie temperature of a large number of cubic HEAs is mapped out with the help of mean-filed approximation. The thermal expansion behavior is estimated by using the Debye-Grüneisen model.This work provides some fundamental and pioneering theoretical points of view to understand the intrinsic physical mechanisms in HEAs, and reveals alternative opportunities for optimizing and designing properties of materials. The challenge of comprehending the observed complex behavior behind the multi-component nature of HEAs is great, on the other hand, the potential to enhance the underlying theoretical understanding is remarkable.
  •  
31.
  • Huang, Tingting, et al. (författare)
  • Leveraging high-resolution traffic data to understand the impacts of congestion on safety
  • 2016
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since vehicle crashes in urban area may potentially cause higher societal costs than those in rural area, it is critical to understand the contributing factors of urban crashes, especially congestions. This paper analyzes the impacts of segment characteristics, traffic-related information and weather information on monthly crash frequency based on a case study in Iowa, U.S. Random parameter negative binomial (RPNB) model was employed. Considering that same factor may impact crash frequency differently on segments with different congestion level, the heterogeneity in random parameter means was introduced and discreetly examined. Data from 77 directional segments and 24 months (2013-2014) were used in this study. The empirical results show that segment length and maximum snow depth have fixed impacts while number of lanes, shoulder width and trailers percentage have random impacts on crash frequency. In addition, heterogeneous behaviors of the random factors were identified between segments with different congestion level. For example, the model results indicate that the increase of left shoulder width tends to decrease crash frequency more under congested condition than under uncongested condition.
  •  
32.
  • Jiang, Jiajun, et al. (författare)
  • Hydroprinted Liquid-Alloy-Based Morphing Electronics for Fast-Growing/Tender Plants : From Physiology Monitoring to Habit Manipulation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 16:39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Monitoring physiological signals and manipulating growth habits of living plants in real time are important for botany research, biohybrid plant robots, and precision agriculture. Although emerging epidermal electronics that can conveniently acquire vital signals of living organisms exhibit a high potential for such scenarios, it is a significant challenge to adapt such devices for plants, because they are fragile and usually have complex surfaces that can change significantly during rapid growth. A gentle fabrication process is critical in order to employ compliant electronic systems to adapt to this highly dynamic situation. In this study, a hydroprinted liquid-alloy-based morphing electronics (LAME) process is employed for fast-growing plants that will sense physiological signals and even function as a biohybrid to determine plant behavior on demand. Besides various surfaces of inorganic targeting substrates, pinning liquid alloy circuits onto the complex plant epidermis is enhanced by introducing high-surface-energy liquid. Functionally, the new developed LAME can be used to monitor leaf moisture content and length, and manipulate leaf and bean sprout orientation. This study lays the foundation for a new form of morphing electronics for botany or biohybrid plant robots, potentially impacting the next generation of precision agriculture and smart hybrid robots.
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33.
  • Kong, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Zooming in to Massive Star Birth
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 1538-4357 .- 0004-637X. ; 867:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present high-resolution (0 2, 1000 au) 1.3 mm ALMA observations of the massive infrared dark cloud clump, G028.37+00.07-C1, thought to harbor the early stages of massive star formation. Using N2D +(3-2), we resolve the previously identified C1-S core, separating the bulk of its emission from two nearby protostellar sources. C1-S is thus identified as a massive (∼50M⊙), compact (∼0.1 pc diameter) starless core, e.g., with no signs of outflow activity. Being highly deuterated, this is a promising candidate for a pre-stellar core on the verge of collapse. An analysis of its dynamical state indicates a sub-virial velocity dispersion compared to a trans-Alfvenic turbulent core model. However, virial equilibrium could be achieved with sub-Alfvenic conditions involving magnetic field strengths of ∼2 mG.
  •  
34.
  • Li, Hongxia, et al. (författare)
  • Microscopic insights of phase-transition-induced vapor transport enhancement in porous media
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Multiphase Flow. - 0301-9322. ; 177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Vapor transport in porous media, often associated with liquid-vapor phase change, is an fundamental process in many emerging underground energy storage and extraction processes (i.e., seasonal solar thermal aquifer storage, geothermal extraction, extraterrestrial in-situ water extraction). By jointly using experimental imaging and numerical modeling at the micro-scale, we conduct mechanistic pore scale investigation of capillarity-dominated phase change dynamics and its influence on vapor transport in partially saturated porous rock micromodel. Strongly linked to surface roughness and wettability condition, the capillarity hinders water vaporization from rock surface micro/nano-structures as observed under the environmental scanning electron microscope. By varying the contact angle of 0°, 60°, and 120°, the lattice Boltzmann simulation shows the wettability-dependent vaporization process of capillary-hold water, where pores with hydrophilic surfaces contains significantly more liquid water than that of the hydrophobic ones under the same temperature. When saturated vapor flows through rock porous patterns, capillarity further induces water condensation on the strongly water-wet surfaces. Water condensation, yet forming water bridges/islands and causing the blockage of vapor diffusion, enhances the vapor diffusion ability counterintuitively. The reduction of diffusion path is revealed as the main reason by assessing the local vapor pressure distribution before and after the pore filling by condensate. The findings support the debatable enhancement mechanisms postulated by Philip and de Vries. This work offers the insightful interfacial hydrodynamics of vapor transport in porous media and potentially provides operational guidance for geothermal applications and beyond.
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35.
  • Li, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Economic and environmental sustainability of maize-wheat rotation production when substituting mineral fertilizers with manure in the North China Plain
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 271
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Substituting mineral fertilizers with manure has been promoted to enrich soil fertility and maintain field productivity in agricultural production systems. However, there is limited information regarding the effect of substituting mineral-N with manure on eco-efficiency (economic and environmental trade-offs) from a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) perspective. This study investigated the eco-efficiency of maize-wheat rotation production under three fertilization strategies: mineral fertilizer NPK (CK), substituting 50% of mineral-N with solid manure (SM + NK), and substituting 50% of mineral-N with liquid manure (LM + NP) in the North China Plain. The economic profits were evaluated based on the prevailing market prices of inputs, outputs, and services. The potential environmental impacts were assessed by the LCA approach. The eco-efficiency was evaluated as the ratio of economic profit to individual environmental impact categories. The results from the economic analysis and the LCA showed that, compared with CK, the economic profit increased by 17.2% and 19.1%, while the environmental impacts at the endpoint level decreased by 24.6% and 37.9% under SM + NK and LM + NP, respectively. Additionally, the eco-efficiencies under SM + NK and LM + NP at the endpoint level were calculated to be 55.4% and 91.7%, respectively, higher than CK. Overall, the results suggested that substituting 50% of mineral-N with manure, especially liquid manure, had a great potential for sustainable maize-wheat rotation production in the North China Plain.
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36.
  • Li, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Economic, energy and environmental performance assessment on wheat production under water-saving cultivation strategies
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; , s. 125330-125330
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Improvements in economic profit, energy-use efficiency and environmental friendliness are critical for the sustainability of wheat production. The present study was aimed at evaluating the suitability of wheat production shifting conventional flat planting (CFH) and supplemental irrigation (SIH) with water-saving cultivation strategies [straw mulching (SML) and plastic film mulching (PFL) with 50% less N fertilizer] from economic, energy, and environmental perspectives on the Loess Plateau of China. Results showed that the PFL exhibited ∼18.5% and 12.7% higher grain yields, and 74.0% and 59.9% higher economic profit over the CFH and SML, while reduced grain yields by 9.6% retative to the SIH. Meanwhile, the economic profit and the ratio of income to cost remained consistent between the PFL and SIH. The PFL had the highest net energy out, energy use efficiency and energy productivity, but had the lowest specific energy. Compared with the SIH, the total environmental emissions final score increased by 36.6% under SML, while decreased by 24.8% under PFL. Overall, the strategy of plastic film mulching with 50% less N fertilizer has great potential to cater to the demands of wheat production with environmental sustainability on the Loess Plateau of China.
  •  
37.
  • Li, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of Burst/Packet Loss Ratio in a Bufferless OBS/OPS Network With 1+X Path Protection
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 28:15, s. 1688-1691
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The importance of avoiding burst/packet loss because of equipment failures, especially for critical-mission services, gives rise to a method known as 1 + X path protection in optical networks. This method provides additional protection for premium (including emergency) services than the more common 1 + 1 path protection. In this letter, we consider a bufferless optical burst switched (OBS)/optical packet switched (OPS) network with two types of users: premium (that receive 1 + X protection service) and regular (that do not receive such a service). We propose an analytical method based on Erlang fixed-point approximation to evaluate the burst/packet loss of such OBS/OPS network. We demonstrate numerically the accuracy of the approximation, and also the effect and implications of the proportion of the premium traffic as X increases.
  •  
38.
  • Li, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Improving throughput and effective utilization in OBS networks
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Optical Switching and Networkning Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1573-4277 .- 1872-9770. ; 18, s. 222-234
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper considers two important performance measures that have not received much attention in performance studies of optical burst switching (OBS) networks. The first is the so-called effective utilization which is the proportion of link capacity used by bursts that eventually reach their destinations. The second considers the throughput of individual source-destination pairs that may indicate unfairness and starving connections. Using these performance measures, we evaluate a new proposed contention resolution strategy called EBSL, which is a combination of the Emulated-OBS wavelength reservation scheme, with the two contention resolution strategies - Burst Segmentation and Least Remaining Hop-count First (LRHF). The results show that EBSL can prevent congestion collapse of throughput and effective utilization, and reduce the blocking probability under heavy load conditions. We then add deflection routing to EBSL to further increase the throughput under light and medium traffic load. Finally, we replace LRHF by a fairer version of LRHF in EBSL to provide insights into fairness efficiency and tradeoffs. Overall, we demonstrate that OBS can be enhanced to overcome its known traffic congestion related weaknesses of low throughput, ineffective utilization and unfairness.
  •  
39.
  • Li, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Performance Evaluation of a Bufferless OBS/OPS Network With 1+1 Path Protection
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 27:20, s. 2115-2118
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In optical burst/packet switched (OBS/OPS) networks, bursts/packets may be dropped because of equipment failures. A widely used mechanism to protect a connection from a single-trunk-failure event is 1 + 1 path protection. We consider a bufferless OBS/OPS network with two types of users: 1) premium (that receive 1 + 1 protection service) and 2) regular (that do not receive such a service). We propose a fast and accurate approximation to evaluate the performance of such OBS/OPS network. The accuracy and scalability of the approximation and the effect of the proportion of the premium users in the network are discussed.
  •  
40.
  • Li, Z., et al. (författare)
  • SoC model analysis for ECG data acquisition with wireless sensor network
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, iCBBE 2009. - 9781424429011 ; , s. 1276-1279
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mixed signal SoC for ECG waveform acquisition is designed and discussed in this paper. The SoC is a terminal of a special wireless sensor network (WSN) as a data source. Time parameters and communication band width are discussed. Especially, to satisfy the requirements of ECG waveform data acquisition and transmission the relation of sampling rate and communication band width is discussed. Based on the analysis of ECG frequency characteristics and the real time requirements of the WSN, synchronous data acquisition and transmission architecture of the SoC is designed. The DFG (Data flow graphic) model of the architecture is built for time parameters analysis and circuits design as well.
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41.
  • Liu, Ming, et al. (författare)
  • A High-End Reconfigurable Computation Platform for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Computing in science & engineering (Print). - 1521-9615 .- 1558-366X. ; 13:2, s. 52-63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A high-performance computation platform based on field-programmable gate arrays targets nuclear and particle physics experiment applications. The system can be constructed or scaled into a supercomputer-equivalent size for detector data processing by inserting compute nodes into advanced telecommunications computing architecture (ATCA) crates. Among the case study results are that one ATCA crate can provide a computation capability equivalent to hundreds of commodity PCs for Hades online particle track reconstruction and Cherenkov ring recognition.
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42.
  • Liu, Ming, et al. (författare)
  • ATCA-based Computation Platform for Data Acquisition and Triggering in Particle Physics Experiments
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FIELD PROGRAMMABLE AND LOGIC APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2. ; , s. 287-292
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An ATCA-based computation platform for data acquisition and trigger applications in nuclear and particle physics experiments has been developed. Each Compute Node (CN) which appears as a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) in an ATCA shelf, features 5 Xilinx Virtex-4 FX60 FPGAs and up to 10 GBytes DDR2 memory. Connectivity is provided with 8 optical links and 5 Gigabit Ethernet ports, which are mounted on each board to receive data from detectors and forward results to outer shelves or PC farms with attached mass storage. Fast point-to-point on-board interconnections between FPGAs as well as the full-mesh shelf backplane provide flexibility and high bandwidth to partition algorithms and correlate results among them. The system represents a highly reconfigurable and scalable solution for multiple applications.
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43.
  • Liu, Min, et al. (författare)
  • Density-functional theory study of point defect formation and diffusion in alpha-alumina and effects of applied strain and alloy doping
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4928. ; 34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Oxidation of alumina-forming alloys and breakdown of a-Al2O3 are important processes for alloys used in hightemperature environments. By using density-functional theory simulations, we investigate the formation and diffusion of three common point defects. Influences of diffusion pathway, axial strain and alloy doping on defect energetics during its formation and diffusion are systematically investigated. Results indicate a positive correlation between the diffusion energy barrier and the pathway length. We highlighted that diffusion barrier of vacancy defects can be reduced to that of interstitial defects by applying tensile strain, indicating that the strain state can transform the diffusion mechanism within a-Al2O3 . Moreover, the alloying dopants (Cr, Mo, Cu, Si, Y, Zr) investigated here can be categorized as: inhibitive, promotive, and inert, depending on their roles in determining the diffusion barrier of oxygen vacancy, which is analyzed by the element-dependent substitution energies, atomic radius, electronegativity, volumetric change, and electronic transition.
  •  
44.
  • Schmit, Stephanie L, et al. (författare)
  • Novel Common Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Colorectal Cancer.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 111:2, s. 146-157
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 42 loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Expanded consortium efforts facilitating the discovery of additional susceptibility loci may capture unexplained familial risk.Methods: We conducted a GWAS in European descent CRC cases and control subjects using a discovery-replication design, followed by examination of novel findings in a multiethnic sample (cumulative n = 163 315). In the discovery stage (36 948 case subjects/30 864 control subjects), we identified genetic variants with a minor allele frequency of 1% or greater associated with risk of CRC using logistic regression followed by a fixed-effects inverse variance weighted meta-analysis. All novel independent variants reaching genome-wide statistical significance (two-sided P < 5 × 10-8) were tested for replication in separate European ancestry samples (12 952 case subjects/48 383 control subjects). Next, we examined the generalizability of discovered variants in East Asians, African Americans, and Hispanics (12 085 case subjects/22 083 control subjects). Finally, we examined the contributions of novel risk variants to familial relative risk and examined the prediction capabilities of a polygenic risk score. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: The discovery GWAS identified 11 variants associated with CRC at P < 5 × 10-8, of which nine (at 4q22.2/5p15.33/5p13.1/6p21.31/6p12.1/10q11.23/12q24.21/16q24.1/20q13.13) independently replicated at a P value of less than .05. Multiethnic follow-up supported the generalizability of discovery findings. These results demonstrated a 14.7% increase in familial relative risk explained by common risk alleles from 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9% to 13.7%; known variants) to 11.9% (95% CI = 9.2% to 15.5%; known and novel variants). A polygenic risk score identified 4.3% of the population at an odds ratio for developing CRC of at least 2.0.Conclusions: This study provides insight into the architecture of common genetic variation contributing to CRC etiology and improves risk prediction for individualized screening.
  •  
45.
  • Shen, Yang-mei, et al. (författare)
  • Novel gene hBiot2 is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1021-335X .- 1791-2431. ; 27:2, s. 376-382
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study investigated the expression of the novel gene hBiot2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationships with clinicopathological variables in CRC patients. The expression of hBiot2 in 163 primary CRCs together with the corresponding normal mucosa, 36 liver metastases and 5 colon cancer cell lines was examined using real-time PCR. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed to evaluate the localization of hBiot2 expression in CRC and normal mucosa. hBiot2 expression at the RNA level was localized in the nucleus of tumor cells and normal epithelial cells. The mean expression of hBiot2 in the CRCs (243.571 +/- 564.569) was higher compared to the normal mucosa (107.252 +/- 413.635, Pandlt;0.0001) and liver metastasis samples (42.002 +/- 40.809, P=0.0002). hBiot2 expression was increased from stages I + II to III (P=0.047), and no difference in the expression was found in stages III and IV (P=0.452). A high value of hBiot2 was associated with a poorer prognosis compared with a low value independently of gender, age, tumor site, stage and differentiation (P=0.007, RR 7.519, 95% Cl 1.729-32.704). Liver metastasis, smaller tumors, non-local recurrence and primary liver surgery alone were associated with a higher value of hBiot2 compared to larger tumors, local recurrence and repeated liver surgery (P=0.003, 0.044 and 0.026, respectively). An inverse relationship was found between hBiot2 expression and the metastatic potential of the colon cancer cell lines. Thus, increased expression of hBiot2 may be an early and interim event in the development of CRC. A higher expression of hBiot2 in primary CRC patients independently indicates a poorer prognosis.
  •  
46.
  • Wang, Feng, et al. (författare)
  • The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the secondary transplant tissue donor influences the cross-reactivity of alloreactive memory cells.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 73, s. 190-197
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Memory cells are currently thought to be a major barrier to tolerance induction in transplantation. However, whether alloreactive memory cells resulting from a primary transplant have cross-reactivity in a second transplant is unclear. Here, we used skin transplantation from BALB/c mice donors to pre-sensitize C(57) BL/6 (B6) mice. One month later, several strains of mice (including BALB/c, DBA/2, NOD, C3H and B6 mice) were chosen as donors to construct a memory model of heterotopic cardiac transplantation. The higher degree of MHC mismatch to sensitizing MHC resulted in longer Median survival times (MSTs, BALB/c 3.63 days VS C3H 6.08 days). 3.5 days after cardiac transplantation, compared with the BALB/c and DBA/2 groups, in the groups of NOD and C3H, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the grafts, the proportion and proliferation of memory cells in spleens, and the function of allogeneic antibodies decreased significantly. The varying degrees of MHC mismatch between the primary and secondary donors influenced the intensity of alloreactive memory cell function, the higher degree of MHC mismatch resulted in better tolerance during secondary transplantation, and these may be related to the changed activation, proliferation and function of the alloreactive memory cells.
  •  
47.
  • Wang, Mingyang, et al. (författare)
  • A Numerical Study on Suspended Sediment Transport in a Partially Vegetated Channel Flow
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 0022-1694 .- 1879-2707. ; 599
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Turbulent structures generated by vegetation patches play a dominant role in the dispersion of suspended sediment, which in turn is of great significance for ecosystem cycling and river geomorphology development. High fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LES) coupled with the Discrete Phase Method (DPM) were used to explore the particle distribution and its variance (the non-uniformity in temporal and spatial space) in a partially vegetated straight channel. The novel findings and conclusions are outlined here. Firstly, the contour of the vertical vorticity component coincides well with particle preferential gatherings in the outer edge of the mixing layer in the near-bed region. Large-scale turbulent structures grow in mixing layer along the side of a vegetation patch (VP), which deplete particles away from the mixing layer into the neighbouring region. Also, higher vegetation densities (Dn) promote this depletion trend. Secondly, the Probability Density Function (PDF) and its variance were defined to quantify these phenomena, illustrating that the VP continuously interrupts the flow condition and promotes higher non-uniformity of particle distribution among the vegetated and non-vegetated regions. The variance of the PDF in the non-vegetated region is significantly higher than that in the neighbouring vegetated region located in the same streamwise location. The particle parcels are highly unevenly located along the periphery of the large eddies and are exchanged by the mixing flow between the non-vegetated and vegetated regions. Finally, the vertical entrainment of particles occurs in the vegetated region of the present cases. This is because the horseshoe structures provide an upwards velocity for the current Dn conditions (Dn<0.1) and an increase of Dn (Dn<0.1) accelerates the upward suspension. These findings complete our understanding of particles’ transportation in both spanwise and vertical directions.
  •  
48.
  • Wang, Shuo, et al. (författare)
  • Assessing the CO2 capture potential for waste-fired CHP plants
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 428
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The integration of CO2 capture with biomass-fired power plants has attracted much attention due to its ability to achieve negative emissions. Waste-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plants with CO2 capture, on the other hand, has received little attention, and their potential remains unclear. This study aims to identify the possible range of the amount of captured CO2 and investigate the impact of CO2 capture on the performance of waste-fired CHP plants. Since heat is the primary product of CHP plants, it is important to maintain heat production unchanged when CO2 capture is integrated. Based on this prerequisite, two operating strategies (OS) were investigated, which correspond to the upper and lower boundaries of CO2 capture: OS1 was to maximize the amount of captured CO2 while keeping the heat supplied to the district heating (DH) network unchanged; and OS2 was to maximize CO2 capture while keeping both supplied heat and generated electricity unchanged. To obtain more accurate results regarding the CO2 capture, a dynamic model developed in Aspen Hysys™ was utilized to simulate monoethanolamine (MEA) based chemical absorption for CO2 capture. By using real dynamic data from a waste-fired CHP plant, dynamic simulation results showed that the highest amount of captured CO2, which was achieved in OS1, was 401 kton/year, corresponding to a CO2 capture ratio of 82%; while the lowest amount of captured CO2, which was achieved in OS2, was 99 kton/year, corresponding to a CO2 capture ratio of 20%. For OS1, the electricity generation was substantially decreased by 61%. When determining the negative emission, the emission resulted from the share of fossil fuel in the waste needs to be excluded. For the studied CHP plant, the fossil share was around 45%. As a result, only OS1 can achieve the negative emission, which was 181 kton/year; while OS2 still led to positive emissions. Compared to the plant without CO2 capture, the carbon intensity of heat was reduced from 0.405 ton/MWh to 0.091 ton/MWh in OS1 and 0.351 ton/MWh in OS2, while the carbon intensity of electricity was reduced from 0.409 ton/MWh to 0.072 ton/MWh in OS1 and 0.343 ton/MWh in OS2.
  •  
49.
  • Wang, Shuo-Yen, et al. (författare)
  • Reducing traffic crash risk through driver rescheduling : a case study on intercity bus drivers
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Driver fatigue has been found to be highly associated with crash risk, and is also a major crash contributing factor for intercity bus drivers who often need to drive long hours and take shifts driving through the night. More and more research have reported that drivers’ shift plan, referred to as working pattern in the rest of this study, is associated with driver fatigue, and hence crash risk. A well-designed driver schedule was found to be beneficial in lowing crash risk, because a well-designed schedule can avoid overlong working or irregular working patterns, and keep drivers away from fatigue and drowsy driving. Nevertheless, there has been limited studies researching into how to manage drivers’ crash risk through proper scheduling because crash risk is determined by driving environment and driving time. Intercity bus companies, however, usually run different routes, and different routes contain different driving environment and driving time, which may have different level of crash risk to drivers. Therefore, it is challenging to quantify crash risk for different working pattern and schedule driver’s working pattern accordingly. As such, this study seeks to first quantify the level of crash risk for each working pattern, and minimize a fleet’s overall crash risk by rescheduling.
  •  
50.
  • Xue, Xiao, 1989, et al. (författare)
  • Physics informed data-driven near-wall modelling for lattice Boltzmann simulation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows
  • 2024
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Data-driven approaches offer novel opportunities for improving the performance of turbulent flow simulations, which are critical to wide-ranging applications from wind farms and aerodynamic designs to weather and climate forecasting. While conventional continuum Navier-Stokes solvers have been the subject of a significant amount of work in this domain, there has hitherto been very limited effort in the same direction for the more scalable and highly performant lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), even though it has been successfully applied to a variety of turbulent flow simulations using large-eddy simulation (LES) techniques. In this work, we establish a data-driven framework for the LES-based lattice Boltzmann simulation of near-wall turbulent flow fields. We do this by training neural networks using improved delayed detached eddy simulation data. Crucially, this is done in combination with physics-based information that substantially constrains the data-driven predictions. Using data from turbulent channel flow at a friction Reynolds number at 5200, our simulations accurately predict the behaviour of the wall model at arbitrary friction Reynolds numbers up to 1.0×106. In contradistinction with other models that use direct numerical simulation datasets, our physics-informed model requires data from very limited regions within the wall-bounded plane, reducing by three orders of magnitude the quantity of data needed for training. We also demonstrate that our model can handle data configurations when the near-wall grid is sparse. Our physics-informed neural network approach opens up the possibility of employing LBM in combination with highly specific and therefore much more limited quantities of macroscopic data, substantially facilitating the investigation of a wide-range of turbulent flow applications at very large scale.
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