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1.
  • Havner, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Open Bite Malocclusion and Orofacial Dysfunction in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. - 2214-3599 .- 2214-3602. ; 10:5, s. 869-880
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Open bite (OB) is a common malocclusion in individuals with orofacial dysfunction and syndromes, especially in neuromuscular diseases. Objectives: The objectives were to explore the prevalence of OB in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and to create and compare orofacial dysfunction profiles. Methods: In this database study, 143 individuals with DM1 and 99 with DMD were included. The Mun-H-Center questionnaire and observation chart were used together with the Nordic Orofacial Test - Screening (NOT-S) to create orofacial dysfunction profiles. OB was categorised as: lateral (LOB); anterior (AOB); severe anterior (AOBS); or both types of anterior OB (AOB(Tot)). Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used to compare the OB prevalence and to study associations with orofacial variables, respectively. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in OB prevalence between the DM1 (37%) and DMD (49%) groups (p = 0.048). LOB was seen in < 1% of DM1 and 18% of DMD. LOB was associated with macroglossia and closed mouth posture, AOB with hypotonic lips, and open mouth posture and AOBS with hypotonic jaw muscles. The orofacial dysfunction profiles showed similar patterns, although the mean NOT-S total scores for DM1 and DMD were 4.2 +/- 2.8 (median 4.0, min-max 1-8) and 2.3 +/- 2.0 (median 2.0, min-max 0-8), respectively. Limitations: The two groups were not age- or gender-matched. Conclusion: OB malocclusion is common in patients with DM1 and DMD and is associated with different types of orofacial dysfunction. This study highlights the need for multi-disciplinary assessments to support tailored treatment strategies that improve or sustain orofacial functions.
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2.
  • Al-Taai, Nameer, et al. (författare)
  • A Superimposition-Based Cephalometric Method to Quantitate Craniofacial Changes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601 .- 1661-7827. ; 18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To assess the craniofacial changes related to growth and/or to orthodontic and orthognathic treatments, it is necessary to superimpose serial radiographs on stable structures. However, conventional superimposition provides only a graphical illustration of these changes. To increase the precision of growth and treatment evaluations, it is desirable to quantitate these craniofacial changes. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate a superimposition-based cephalometric method to process numerical data for craniofacial growth changes and (2) identify a valid, reliable, and feasible method for superimposition. Forty pairs of cephalograms were analyzed at T1 and T2 (mean age 9.9 and 15.0 years, respectively). The superimposition-based cephalometric method involved relating the sagittal and vertical measurements on the T2 radiographs to the nasion and sella landmarks on the T1 radiographs. Validity and reliability were evaluated for three superimposition methods: the sella-nasion (SN); the tuberculum sella-wing (TW); and Bjork's structural. Superimposition-based cephalometrics can be used to quantify craniofacial changes digitally. The numerical data from the superimposition-based cephalometrics reflected a graphical illustration of superimposition and differed significantly from the data acquired through conventional cephalometrics. Superimposition using the TW method is recommended as it is valid, reliable, and feasible.
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3.
  • Al-Taai, Nameer, et al. (författare)
  • Craniofacial changes from 13 to 62 years of age
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 44:5, s. 556-565
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background In long-term studies of orthodontic, orthognathic, and prosthodontic treatments, control subjects are needed for comparison. Objectives To study the craniofacial (skeletal, soft tissue, and dental) changes that occur in untreated subjects with normal occlusion between 13 and 62 years of age. Materials/Methods Thirty subjects with a Class I normal occlusion and harmonious facial profile were studied. X-ray examinations were performed at 13 (T1), 16 (T2), 31 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age, and data were obtained from cephalograms. In total, 53 angular and linear parameters were measured using superimposition-based and conventional cephalometric methods to describe the craniofacial changes. Results The jaws showed significant anterior growth from T1 to T2, and significant retrognathism from T3 to T4. The anterior face height and jaw dimensions increased significantly until T3. Significant posterior rotation of the mandible and opening of the vertical jaw relation, in addition to significant retroclination of the incisors and straightening of the facial profile, were found from T3 to T4. Limitations Given the small sample size at T4, it was not possible to analyse the gender dimension. Conclusions/Implications Craniofacial changes continue up to the sixth decade of life. These changes are consistent, albeit to a lesser extent, with the adolescent growth patterns for most of the studied parameters, with the exceptions of incisor inclination, sagittal jaw position, vertical jaw relation and inclination, and posterior face height.
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4.
  • Al-Taai, Nameer, et al. (författare)
  • Dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes after treatment of crowding with premolar extractions: a 50-year follow-up
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 45:1, s. 79-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The long-term effects on dentofacial morphology of interceptive treatment with premolar extractions, in the absence of subsequent orthodontic treatment, have not been fully explored. Objective The aim was to investigate the effects of premolar extractions (without subsequent orthodontic treatment) on the dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile of patients aged between 12 and 62 years with Class I malocclusion with severe crowding, as compared to untreated controls. Materials and methods The Extraction group (N = 30 with Class I crowding malocclusion) had their first premolars removed in early adolescence without subsequent orthodontic treatment. The Control group included 30 untreated subjects with Class I normal occlusion. Cephalograms were taken at 12 (T1), 15 (T2), 30 (T3), and 62 (T4) years of age. A superimposition-based cephalometric method was used to assess the dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes. Results There were no significant differences between the Extraction and Control groups in terms of skeletal sagittal relation, incisor inclination, and protrusion, or most of the soft tissue parameters throughout the observation period. However, significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to the vertical relations in T2-T3, such that the Extraction group showed more-pronounced decreases in the ML/NSL, ML/NL, and Gonial angles and more-pronounced increases in facial heights. Conclusions and implications Treatment for subjects with Class I malocclusion with severe crowding by the extraction of four premolars, without subsequent orthodontic treatment, does not affect the long-term dentoskeletal and soft tissue profile, as compared to an untreated Control group. The degree of crowding, rather than changes in dentofacial morphology, is crucial in deciding on extraction therapy.
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5.
  • Block, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • A new concept affecting restoration of inflammation-reactive astrocytes.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7544 .- 0306-4522. ; 250, s. 536-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Long-lasting pain may partly be a consequence of ongoing neuroinflammation, in which astrocytes play a significant role. Following noxious stimuli, increased inflammatory receptor activity, influences in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and actin filament organization occur within the central nervous system. In astrocytes, the Ca(2+) signaling system, Na(+) transporters, cytoskeleton, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines change during inflammation. The aim of this study was to restore these cell parameters in inflammation-reactive astrocytes. We found that the combination of (1) endomorphin-1, an opioid agonist that stimulates the Gi/o protein of the μ-opioid receptor; (2) naloxone, an opioid antagonist that inhibits the Gs protein of the μ-opioid receptor at ultralow concentrations; and (3) levetiracetam, an anti-epileptic agent that counteracts the release of IL-1β, managed to activate the Gi/o protein and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, inhibit the Gs protein, and decrease the release of IL-1β. The cell functions of astrocytes in an inflammatory state were virtually restored to their normal non-inflammatory state and it could be of clinical significance and may be useful for the treatment of long-term pain.
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6.
  • Block, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Naloxone in ultralow concentration restores endomorphin-1-evoked Ca(2+) signaling in lipopolysaccharide pretreated astrocytes.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-7544 .- 0306-4522. ; 205, s. 1-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Long-term pain is a disabling condition that affects thousands of people. Pain may be sustained for a long time even after the physiological trigger has resolved. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon include low-grade inflammation in the CNS. Astrocytes respond to inflammatory stimuli and may play an important role as modulators of the inflammatory response in the nervous system. This study aimed first to assess how astrocytes in a primary culture behave when exposed to the endogenous μ-opioid receptor agonist endomorphin-1 (EM-1), in a concentration-dependent manner, concerning intracellular Ca(2+) responses. EM-1 stimulated the μ-opioid receptor from 10(-15) M up to 10(-4) M with increasing intensity, usually reflected as one peak at low concentrations and two peaks at higher concentrations. Naloxone, pertussis toxin (PTX), or the μ-opioid receptor antagonists CTOP did not totally block the EM-1-evoked Ca(2+) responses. However, a combination of ultralow concentration naloxone (10(-12) M) and PTX (100 ng/ml) totally blocked the EM-1-evoked Ca(2+) responses. This suggests that ultralow (picomolar) concentrations of naloxone should block the μ-opioid receptor coupled G(s) protein, and that PTX should block the μ-opioid receptor coupled G(i/o) protein. The second aim was to investigate exposure of astrocytes with the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 4 h of LPS incubation, the EM-1-evoked Ca(2+) transients were attenuated, and after 24 h of LPS incubation, the EM-1-evoked Ca(2+) transients were oscillated. To restore the EM-1-evoked Ca(2+) transients, naloxone was assessed as a proposed anti-inflammatory substance. In ultralow picomolar concentration, naloxone demonstrated the ability to restore the Ca(2+) transients.
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7.
  • Block, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine exert anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation-reactive astrocytes.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: The European journal of neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 38:11, s. 3669-3678
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Bupivacaine is a widely used, local anesthetic agent that blocks voltage-gated Na(+) channels when used for neuro-axial blockades. Much lower concentrations of bupivacaine than in normal clinical use, <10(-8) m, evoked Ca(2+) transients in astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex, that were inositol trisphosphate receptor-dependent. We investigated whether bupivacaine exerts an influence on the Ca(2+) signaling and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in inflammation-reactive astrocytes when used at ultralow concentrations, <10(-8) m. Furthermore, we wanted to determine if bupivacaine interacts with the opioid-, 5-hydroxytryptamine- (5-HT) and glutamate-receptor systems. With respect to the μ-opioid- and 5-HT-receptor systems, bupivacaine restored the inflammation-reactive astrocytes to their normal non-inflammatory levels. With respect to the glutamate-receptor system, bupivacaine, in combination with an ultralow concentration of the μ-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and μ-opioid receptor agonists, restored the inflammation-reactive astrocytes to their normal non-inflammatory levels. Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine attenuated the inflammation-induced upregulation of IL-1β secretion. The results indicate that bupivacaine interacts with the opioid-, 5-HT- and glutamate-receptor systems by affecting Ca(2+) signaling and IL-1β release in inflammation-reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that bupivacaine may be used at ultralow concentrations as an anti-inflammatory drug, either alone or in combination with opioid agonists and ultralow concentrations of an opioid antagonist.
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8.
  • Delbro, Dick, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • In inflammatory reactive astrocytes co-cultured with brain endothelial cells nicotine-evoked Ca(2+) transients are attenuated due to interleukin-1beta release and rearrangement of actin filaments.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 159:2, s. 770-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in a more pronounced way in astrocytes co-cultured with microvascular endothelial cells from adult rat brain, compared with monocultured astrocytes, as a sign of a more developed signal transduction system. Also investigated was whether nicotine plays a role in the control of neuroinflammatory reactivity in astrocytes. Ca(2+) imaging experiments were performed using cells loaded with the Ca(2+) indicator Fura-2/AM. Co-cultured astrocytes responded to lower concentrations of nicotine than did monocultured astrocytes, indicating that they are more sensitive to nicotine. Co-cultured astrocytes also expressed a higher selectivity for alpha7nAChR and alpha4/beta2 subunits and evoked higher Ca(2+) transients compared with monocultured astrocytes. The Ca(2+) transients referred to are activators of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, both IP(3) and ryanodine, triggered by influx through receptor channels. The nicotine-induced Ca(2+) transients were attenuated after incubation with the inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but were not attenuated after incubation with the pain-transmitting peptides substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide, nor with the infection and inflammation stress mediator, leptin. Furthermore, LPS-induced release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was more pronounced in co-cultured versus monocultured astrocytes. Incubation with both LPS and IL-1beta further attenuated nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response. We also found that LPS and IL-1beta induced rearrangement of the F-actin filaments, as measured with an Alexa488-conjugated phalloidin probe. The rearrangements consisted of increases in ring formations and a more dispersed appearance of the filaments. These results indicate that there is a connection between a dysfunction of nicotine Ca(2+) signaling in inflammatory reactive astrocytes and upregulation of IL-1beta and the rearrangements of actin filaments in the cells.
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9.
  • Enerbäck, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of a mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-5406. ; 162:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The objective was to evaluate the effect of a fluoride mouth rinse and a high-fluoride toothpaste on caries incidence in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Methods: In this 3-armed, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, patients referred to the Specialist Clinic of Orthodontics, Mölndal, Sweden, were randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 groups. (1) Fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) group: 0.2 % sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse plus 1450 ppm fluoride (F) toothpaste; (2) High-fluoride tootpaste (HFT) group: 5000 ppm F toothpaste; and (3) Control (CTR) group: 1450 ppm F toothpaste. The generation of a randomization sequence was performed in blocks of 30. Inclusion criteria included patients scheduled for treatment with fixed appliances in the maxillary and mandibular arch aged 12-20 years. The primary outcome variable was the change in Decayed Initial Filled Surfaces (ΔDiFS) based on radiographs taken before and after the treatment. For statistical comparisons between groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for continuous variables, whereas the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for pairwise group comparisons. Furthermore, the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on clinically relevant cutoffs (DiFS ≥2) were calculated to compare the increase of caries during orthodontic treatment between 2 groups. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method was used to adjust RR for baseline values. Blinding was employed during the caries registration and the data analysis. Results: In total, 270 participants were randomized, with 15 patients dropping out, such that 255 patients were included in the statistical analyses. Recruitment was from October 2010 to December 2012. An increase in DiFS (≥1 DiFS) during treatment was observed in 48.3% of the FMR group, 42.0% of the HFT group, and 35.6% of the CTR group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding increased DiFS (P = 0.17). The risk of increase in DiFS ≥2 during orthodontic treatment was 31.0% in the FMR group, 25.9% in the HFT group, and 18.4% in the CTR group. The RR for an increase of ≥2 DiFS during orthodontic treatment was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.81-2.34; P = 0.23) for FMR vs CTR, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.70-2.10; P = 0.51) for HFT vs CTR, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.57-1.49; P = 0.76) for HFT vs FMR. Conclusions: In patients who demonstrate a low prevalence of caries and are undergoing orthodontic treatment, daily use of high-fluoride toothpaste or fluoride mouth rinse in combination with regular toothpaste does not appear to significantly alter the caries incidence compared with the use of regular toothpaste. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in the FoU i Sverige research database (http://www.fou.nu/is/sverige), with registration no. 236251. Protocol: The protocol was not published before trial commencement. Funding: Local Research and Development Board for Gothenburg and South Bohuslän (grant no. 768531); and The Swedish Patent Revenue Fund (grant number EKF-780/19).
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10.
  • Enerbäck, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of high-fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinse on the prevention of demineralized lesions during orthodontic treatment: a randomized controlled trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 45:5, s. 477-484
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective To evaluate the effect of high-fluoride mouth rinse and high-fluoride toothpaste on the development of demineralized lesions (DLs) during orthodontic treatment. Trial design Three-armed parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Methods The trial was performed with 270 adolescent orthodontic patients. Randomization was performed in blocks of 30, enrolling the patients into one of the following groups: the fluoride mouth rinse (FMR) group receiving 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse plus 1450 ppm fluoride (F) toothpaste; high-fluoride toothpaste (HFT) group receiving 5000 ppm F toothpaste; and the Control (CTR) group receiving 1450 ppm F toothpaste. Inclusion criteria were patients scheduled for treatment in both arches with fixed appliances and age between 12 and 20 years. The primary outcome variable was the proportion of participants with at least one new demineralized lesion as assessed on digital photos taken before and after treatment, analysed by a blinded clinician. The analysis included all teeth or teeth in the aesthetic zone, i.e. all central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines. A random sample of 30 participants was assessed to check intra- and inter-reliability. For pairwise comparison between groups, Fisher's non-parametric permutation test was used for continuous variables. Blinding was employed during the caries registration and data analysis. Recruitment October 2010 to December 2012 Results In total, 270 patients were randomized, of which 22 were excluded during treatment. Therefore, 248 participants were included in the study. The number of patients with an increase of & GE;1 DL, including only central- and lateral incisors and canines, during orthodontic treatment, was significantly lower in the HFT group, 51/85 60%, compared to the CTR group, 64/82 78%, RR 0.77 (CI 0.62; 0.95), P = .01 and in the FMR group, 47/81 58%, compared to the CTR group, RR 0.74 (CI 0.60; 0.92), P < .01. Conclusions To prevent demineralized lesions in the aesthetic zone, high-fluoride mouth rinse and high-fluoride toothpaste may be recommended. Limitations The protocol was not registered, and the present study did not use a double-blinded design.
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11.
  • Enerbäck, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens on numbers of cariogenic bacteria and caries risk: a randomized controlled trial
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European journal of orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2210 .- 0141-5387. ; 41:1, s. 59-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Caries is an undesirable side-effect of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens affect caries risk and individual risk factors. Objective: To evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatment and different fluoride regimens on caries risk and caries risk factors, including cariogenic bacteria. Trial design: Three-armed, parallel group, randomized, controlled trial. Methods: Patients referred to the Specialist Clinic of Orthodontics, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden, were distributed randomly into the following groups: group I (Control group), 1450 ppm fluoride (F) toothpaste; group II, 1450 ppm F toothpaste plus 0.2 per cent sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse; and group III, 5000 ppm F toothpaste. The inclusion criteria were: age 12-20 years; and bimaxillary treatment with fixed appliances. The primary outcome variables were: caries risk; and the numbers of cariogenic bacteria. Radiographs were taken before treatment to determine the caries status. Data were collected before treatment and after 1 year with a fixed appliance. The variables were compiled into a Cariogram to assess the caries risk. Comparisons were made over time within and between the groups. The generation of randomization sequence was performed in blocks of 30. Blinding was employed during the data analysis and the caries registration. Recruitment: The clinical study duration was from October 2010 to December 2012. Results: Overall, 270 patients were randomized, of which 15 were excluded from the study. Therefore, 255 patients were included in the analyses. The caries risk increased significantly during orthodontic treatment in group I (P < 0.0001), whereas groups II and III had unchanged caries risks. All the groups showed statistically significant increases in the numbers of cariogenic bacteria. Harms: No harms were reported during the trial. Conclusions: To avoid an increased risk of caries during orthodontic treatment, everyday use of high-fluoride toothpaste (5000 ppm F) or mouth rinse (0.2% NaF) in combination with ordinary toothpaste is recommended. Registration: The trial was not registered.
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12.
  • Enerbäck, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of caries risk assessment methods in orthodontic patients
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-5406. ; 158
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Dental caries is an undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Caries lesions can result in long-term esthetic disturbance, costly interventions, and even interrupted treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to assess accurately both a patient's caries risk before treatment and their suitability for orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of 5 caries risk assessment methods for predicting caries outcome during orthodontic treatment: Cariogram, Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), R2, decayed filled teeth (DFT), and decayed initial filled surfaces (DiFS). Methods: A prospective longitudinal clinical study of 270 adolescents who were referred to the Specialist Clinic for Orthodontics, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden for treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. The following data were collected before treatment: plaque index, radiographs to determine caries prevalence (DFT, DiFS), photographs to determine white-spot lesions, saliva samples (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli), and responses to a questionnaire (regarding diet and oral hygiene). The variables were compiled to assess caries risk according to Cariogram, CAMBRA, and R2. Radiographs were also taken posttreatment to assess caries incidence. The caries outcomes after treatment were analyzed and compared with the caries risk, assessed by the caries risk assessment methods at baseline. Results: DiFS proved to be the most reliable method for predicting caries during orthodontic treatment, presenting the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for both manifest caries (0.77) and initial caries (0.71). Conclusions: The DiFS prevalence index was demonstrated to be useful in identifying patients who are at risk for developing manifest and initial caries during orthodontic treatment. © 2020
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13.
  • Forshammar, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Anti-inflammatory substances can influence some glial cell types but not others.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Brain research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6240 .- 0006-8993. ; 1539, s. 34-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In rat microglial enriched cultures, expressing Toll-like receptor 4, we studied cytokine release after exposure with 1ng/ml LPS for 0.5-24h. Dexamethasone and corticosterone exposure served as controls. We focused on whether naloxone, ouabain, and bupivacaine, all agents with reported anti-inflammatory effects on astrocytes, could affect the release of TNF-α and IL-1β in microglia. Our results show that neither ultralow (10(-12)M) nor high (10(-6)M) concentrations of these agents had demonstrable effects on cytokine release in microglia. The results indicate that anti-inflammatory substances exert specific influences on different glial cell types. Astrocytes seem to be functional targets for anti-inflammatory substances while microglia respond directly to inflammatory stimuli and are thus more sensitive to anti-inflammatory substances like corticoids. The physiological relevance might be that astrocyte dysfunction influences neuronal signalling both due to direct disturbance of astrocyte functions and in the communication within the astrocyte networks. When the signalling between astrocytes is working, then microglia produce less pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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14.
  • Hansson, Elisabeth, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • PACAP attenuates 5-HT, histamine, and ATP-evoked Ca2+ transients in astrocytes.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Neuroreport. - 1473-558X. ; 20:10, s. 957-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has neuroprotective properties and plays an important role in neuroinflammation. PACAP38 interacts with its receptors, PAC1, and VPAC, on astrocytes at 10(-8) M to induce biphasic Ca2+ transients, which were reduced to a single transient by the PAC1-blocking PACAP antagonist PACAP6-38. At 10(-12) M even the single transient, corresponding to PAC1 was blocked. PACAP-induced Ca2+ transients were more pronounced in astrocytes cocultured with brain endothelial cells than in monocultured astrocytes, indicating that astrocytes that receive signals from microvessels develop more sensitive signal transduction systems for Ca. In this sensitive system, PACAP38 attenuated 5-HT, histamine, and ATP-evoked Ca2+ transients, showing the anti-inflammatory properties of PACAP.
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15.
  • Hansson, Elisabeth, 1955, et al. (författare)
  • μ-Opioid agonists inhibit the enhanced intracellular Ca2+ responses in inflammatory activated astrocytes co-cultured with brain endothelial cells
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Neuroscience. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4522. ; 155:4, s. 1237-1249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to imitate the in vivo situation with constituents from the blood–brain barrier, astrocytes from newborn rat cerebral cortex were co-cultured with adult rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. These astrocytes exhibited a morphologically differentiated appearance with long processes. 5-HT, synthetic μ-, δ- or κ-opioid agonists, and the endogenous opioids endomorphin-1, β-endorphin, and dynorphin induced higher Ca2+ amplitudes and/or more Ca2+ transients in these cells than in astrocytes in monoculture, as a sign of more developed signal transduction systems. Furthermore, stimulation of the co-cultured astrocytes with 5-HT generated a pronounced increase in intracellular Ca2+ release in the presence of the inflammatory or pain mediating activators substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or leptin. These Ca2+ responses were restored by opioids so that the δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists reduced the number of Ca2+ transients elicited after incubation in substance P+CGRP or leptin, while the μ- and δ-opioid receptor agonists attenuated the Ca2+ amplitudes elicited in the presence of LPS or leptin. In LPS treated co-cultured astrocytes the μ-opioid receptor antagonist naloxone attenuated not only the endomorphin-1, but also the 5-HT evoked Ca2+ transients. These results suggest that opioids, especially μ-opioid agonists, play a role in the control of neuroinflammatory activity in astrocytes and that naloxone, in addition to its interaction with μ-opioid receptors, also may act through some binding site on astrocytes, other than the classical opioid receptor.
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16.
  • Ichioka, Yuki, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in epigenetic pattern in osteoblasts in response to surface characteristics.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Virtual Osteology Symposium USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Objective: The overall aim of the current project was to investigate the influence of titanium and titanium surface characteristics on epigenetic mechanisms. Materials & Methods: An osteoblast-like cells (MG63) was incubated on glass, smooth titanium and rough titanium respectively for 0,1,6 and 24 h. The presence of double stranded DNA damage, DNA repair and epigenetic markers were investigated using immunofluorescence. Results: The percentage of total Chk2 positive cells, which indicate DNA repair, was 0% on the rough titanium surfaces at all time points, in comparison to glass and smooth titanium. Regarding DNA damage, total -H2AX positive cells on the rough titanium gradually decreased as incubation time increased, on the contrary to smooth titanium. For epigenetic markers related to the DNA damage/repair pathway, rough titanium surface showed the lower percentage of AcH3 positive cells compared to glass and smooth titanium surface. Conclusions: The findings in the current study show that titanium surface characteristics indeed influence DNA damage and the DNA repair pathway, including epigenetic factors.
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17.
  • Ichioka, Yuki, et al. (författare)
  • Epigenetic changes of osteoblasts in response to titanium surface characteristics.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. - : Wiley. - 1552-4965 .- 1549-3296. ; 109:2, s. 170-180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We aimed to investigate the influence of titanium surface characteristics on epigenetic mechanisms and DNA damage/repair pathways. Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) were incubated on glass, smooth titanium, and minimally rough titanium discs, respectively, for 0, 1, 6, and 24hr. The presence of double-stranded DNA damage (γH2AX), DNA repair (Chk2), and epigenetic markers (AcH3 & DNMT1) were investigated using immunofluorescence. There were no Chk2-positive cells on the minimally rough titanium surfaces at all-time points, in comparison to glass and smooth titanium. Total γH2AX-positive cells on minimally rough titanium gradually decreased as incubation time increased, on the contrary to smooth titanium. Minimally rough titanium surfaces induced cytoplasmic staining of DNMT1 up to 99% at 24hr. For epigenetic markers related to the DNA damage/repair pathway, minimally rough titanium surfaces showed the lower percentage of AcH3-positive cells compared to glass and smooth titanium surface. The findings in the current study show that titanium surface characteristics indeed influence DNA damage and the DNA repair pathway, including epigenetic factors.
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18.
  • Khalil, Roxana, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of fixed retainers on gingival recession–a 10-year retrospective study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 81:3, s. 211-215
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The aetiology of gingival recessions is not fully understood, and no evidence has yet emerged of a single predisposing factor that instigates this apical shift of the gingival margin. Nonetheless, both fixed retainers and orthodontic treatment have been cited as potential risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of orthodontic treatment and orthodontic fixed retainers on gingival recessions. Subjects and methods: In total, 105 patients at the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Gothenburg who had undergone orthodontic treatment between 1995 − 2003 were included in this study. Intraoral photographs of the anterior segment and study casts acquired at baseline (pre-treatment), post-treatment and at the 10-year follow-up were used as recorded measurements of gingival recession and orthodontic treatment. At the 10-year follow-up, the patients were divided into two groups based on: long-term (10 years) presence of a fixed retainer [orthodontic treatment and retainer (OR) group; N = 76]; and short-term (<5 years) presence of a fixed retainer [orthodontic treatment (O) group; N = 57]. These groups were compared to a control group (C) of untreated subjects (N = 29). Results: In the anterior segment, gingival recessions were not present at baseline and post-treatment between the two orthodontically treated groups. At the 10-year follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference between the two orthodontically treated groups and the controls. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment per se does not increase the risk for gingival recessions, nor does the use of fixed retainers following orthodontic treatment. © 2022 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
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19.
  • Lennholm, Camilla, et al. (författare)
  • Assessment of thin bony structures using cone-beam computed tomography.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Angle orthodontist. - : The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation). - 1945-7103 .- 0003-3219.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To investigate the validity and reliability of marginal bone level measurements on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of thin bony structures using various reconstruction techniques, two image resolutions, and two viewing modes.CBCT and histologic measurements of the buccal and lingual aspects of 16 anterior mandibular teeth from 6 human specimens were compared. Multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions, standard and high resolutions, and gray scale and inverted gray scale viewing modes were assessed.Validity of radiologic and histologic comparisons were highest using the standard protocol, MPR, and the inverted gray scale viewing mode (mean difference = 0.02 mm) and lowest using a high-resolution protocol and 3D-rendered images (mean difference = 1.10 mm). Mean differences were significant (P < .05) at the lingual surfaces for both reconstructions, viewing modes (MPR windows), and resolutions.Varying the reconstruction technique and viewing mode does not improve the observer's ability to visualize thin bony structures in the anterior mandibular region. The use of 3D-reconstructed images should be avoided when thin cortical borders are suspected. The small difference when using a high-resolution protocol is unjustified due to the higher radiation dose required. Previous studies have focused on technical parameters; the present study explores the next link in the imaging chain.
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20.
  • Lovgren, M. L., et al. (författare)
  • Dental age in children with impacted maxillary canines
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 79:4, s. 289-295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate if delayed dental development is a cause of postponed care for patients with impacted maxillary canine (IMC). Materials and methods This case-control study was based on 403,355 children and adolescents in Region Vastra Gotaland, Sweden. The subjects, who were in the age range of 9-16 years during the period of 2011-2013, underwent surgical exposure or removal of a maxillary canine. Demirjian's dental age assessment was carried out on panoramic radiographs. Results In total, 1028 patients, 514 with IMC and 514 age- and gender-matched controls, were enrolled. The patients with IMC exhibited a dental development delay of 0.2 years compared to the control group. In the impaction sub-groups, the female patients, patients in the chronological age group of 12-13 years, and patients with palatally positioned IMC had a significantly lower dental age than their paired-control subjects. Conclusions Overall, the difference in dental age between patients with or without IMC is significant but small, and as such is likely of minor clinical relevance. Therefore, the timing of preventive care and treatment for patients with IMC should be the same as that for patients with normally erupting canines.
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21.
  • Ludwikow, Katarzyna, et al. (författare)
  • Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a comparison with matched controls
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PROGRESS IN ORTHODONTICS. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 2196-1042 .- 1723-7785. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) include somatic and neurological developmental disturbances after prenatal alcohol exposure, including facial anomalies. However, the knowledge of the orthodontic skeletal and dental cephalometric relations in this group is limited. The aim of the study was to assess the dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD and to compare them with a matched control group.Methods The study group comprised all available children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD (> 7 years of age) in whom good quality cephalograms were available. The control group comprised non-syndromic, orthodontically untreated children with normal occlusion and skeletal relations matched with age and gender. Cephalometric analysis included eighteen linear and angular measurements. The general linear model for repeated measures regarding age, gender and the type of FASD was applied.Results The group with FASD included 35 individuals (21 girls and 14 boys) aged 7-18 years including 21 with foetal alcohol syndrome. The mean age in the study and the control group was 12.8 years (SD, range 3.2, 7.1-18.1) and 13.0 (SD, range 2.9, 9.1-18.1), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found in 15 out of 18 of the cephalometric measurements (83%). In children with FASD the mandible was more retrusive, the incisors were more proclined and the mandibular incisors and the lips were more protruded when compared with controls. There was no significant evidence of an influence of age, gender or FASD type.Conclusions Dentofacial characteristics of children and adolescents with FASD significantly differ from controls. Early orthodontic diagnosis and prophylaxis should play a part of the interdisciplinary care of patients in this group.
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22.
  • Lundborg, Christopher, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Ifenprodil restores GDNF-evoked Ca(2+) signalling and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase expression in inflammation-pretreated astrocytes.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Journal of neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 1471-4159 .- 0022-3042. ; 119:4, s. 686-696
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ABSTRACT: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays an important role in neuroinflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Astrocytes produce and secrete GDNF, which interacts with its receptors to induce Ca(2+) transients. This study aimed first to assess intracellular Ca(2+) responses of astrocytes in primary culture when exposed to the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory peptide GDNF. Furthermore, incubation with the inflammatory inducers lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NMDA, or interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) attenuated the GDNF-induced Ca(2+) transients. The next aim was to try to restore the suppressed GDNF responses induced by inflammatory changes in the astrocytes with an anti-inflammatory substance. Ifenprodil, an NMDA receptor antagonist at the NR2B subunit, was tested. It was shown to restore the GDNF-evoked Ca(2+) transients and increased the Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase expression. Ifenprodil seems to be a potent anti-inflammatory substance for astrocytes which have been pre-activated by inflammatory stimuli.
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23.
  • Lövgren, M. L., et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of impacted maxillary canines-an epidemiological study in a region with systematically implemented interceptive treatment
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2210 .- 0141-5387. ; 41:5, s. 454-459
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In dentistry, epidemiological studies are important for establishing high-quality care for the individual patient as well as for socio-economic reasons. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in a geographical region in which interceptive treatment is implemented systematically. Furthermore, the aim was to study the age and gender of the patients, and the location and surgical technique used for the impacted maxillary canine. METHOD: The study was based on 54 716 adolescents in the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden who were born in the period 1996-98. All patients in the three cohorts who had impacted maxillary canines treated with surgical exposure or surgical removal were identified in the dental record system used in the region. RESULTS: The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines when interceptive treatment was systematically implemented was 1.1% (N = 601). Overall, the cohorts of patients with impacted canines comprised 65% girls and 35% boys. Most of the canines were palatally impacted and the most common surgical technique was closed exposure. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines in a geographical area in which interceptive treatment is systematically implemented is lower than that reported previously. The distributions of impacted canines with respect to gender and location are in accordance with those reported previously in similar studies. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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24.
  • Magnusson, Catarina, et al. (författare)
  • Urinary Excretion of Silicon in Men, Non-pregnant Women, and Pregnant Women: a Cross-sectional Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Biological Trace Element Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 194, s. 321-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Silicon is a trace element found mainly in plant-based food and proposed to be beneficial for bone health. Urinary excretion of Si has been shown to be a surrogate measure of its uptake in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the levels of urinary Si excretion, and consequently Si uptake, in Swedish men, non-pregnant women, and pregnant women. No formal assessment of dietary Si intake was carried out in this study. This cross-sectional study included 89 men, 42 non-pregnant women, and 60 pregnant women. The subjects collected urine over a 24-h period and the samples were assayed for total Si using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The excretion levels of creatinine were used to validate the completeness of the urine sample collections. The mean 24-h urinary excretions of Si were 7.8mg for the cohort of young men, 7.6mg for the cohort of non-pregnant women, and 12.4mg for the cohort of pregnant women. Creatinine excretion was similar between pregnant and non-pregnant women (10.4 vs. 10.8mmol/day) and significantly higher in men (15.4mmol/day). The pregnant women excreted significantly higher levels of Si than the young men and non-pregnant women, respectively (p < 0.05). The higher urinary excretion of Si by pregnant women compared with men and non-pregnant women is a novel finding possibly caused by temporary physiological changes during pregnancy such as increased gastrointestinal uptake of Si, altered bone metabolism, and increased renal excretion of Si. © 2019, The Author(s).
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25.
  • Malekzadeh, Benoosh, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of locally administered insulin on bone formation in non-diabetic rats
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 101A:1, s. 132-137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The possibility to control bone formation would be favorable in many areas of medicine, where bone defects is still a major challenge. Insulin has been suggested to exert both systemic and local anabolic effects in bone tissues. This raised the question whether locally administrated insulin could provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with local bone defects and impaired bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone formation in non-diabetic rats when local insulin is administered. This study differs from previous reports in two aspects: the use of non-diabetic animals and locally administered insulin. Twenty-four implants were inserted into 12 rats-one insulin-coated and one control-in each tibia for four weeks. Interferometry and histomorphometry were used to evaluate the surface topography and bone formation, respectively. Results demonstrated no significant changes in surface topography after insulin immobilization. Histomorphometry revealed significantly more bone around the insulin-coated implants (BA) (p = 0.005) and a similar amount of bone at the implant surface (BIC) (p = 0.117) compared with the controls. It was concluded that locally administered insulin from a titanium implant surface has the potential to increase bone formation not only in diabetic subjects but also in non-diabetic subjects.
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26.
  • Mogren, A., et al. (författare)
  • Children and adolescents with speech sound disorders are more likely to have orofacial dysfunction and malocclusion
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 8:5, s. 1130-1141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group that differs in terms of underlying cause and severity of speech difficulties. Orofacial dysfunction and malocclusions have been reported in children with SSD. However, the association is not fully explored. Objectives: Our aims were to describe differences in orofacial function and malocclusion between a group of children and adolescents with compared to without SSD and to explore associations between those parameters among the group with SSD. Methods: A total of 105 participants were included, 61 children with SSD (6.0-16.7 years, mean age 8.5 +/- 2.8, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with typical speech development (TSD) (6.0-12.2 years, mean age 8.8 +/- 1.6, 19 girls and 25 boys). Assessments of orofacial function included an orofacial screening test and assessment of bite force, jaw stability, chewing efficiency, and intraoral sensory-motor function. Possible malocclusions were also assessed. Result: Children with SSD had both poorer orofacial function and a greater prevalence of malocclusion than children with TSD. Furthermore, children with SSD and poorer orofacial function had a greater risk of malocclusion. Conclusion: Our result suggests that children with SSD are more prone to having poorer orofacial function and malocclusion than children with TSD. This illustrates the importance of assessing coexisting orofacial characteristics in children with SSD, especially since orofacial dysfunction may be linked to an increased risk of malocclusion. This result highlights the need for a multiprofessional approach.
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27.
  • Mogren, A., et al. (författare)
  • Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 23:4, s. 619-628
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence, types and severity of malocclusions in children with speech sound disorder (SSD) persisting after 6 years of age, and to compare these findings to a control group of children with typical speech development (TSD). Methods In total, 105 children were included: 61 with SSD and motor speech involvement (mean age 8:5 +/- 2:8 years; range 6:0-16:7 years, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with TSD (mean age 8:8 +/- 1:6; range 6:0-12:2 years, 19 girls and 25 boys). Extra-oral and intra-oral examinations were performed by an orthodontist. The severity of malocclusion was scored using the IOTN-DHC Index. Results There were differences between the SSD and TSD groups with regard to the prevalence, type, and severity of malocclusions; 61% of the children in the SSD group had a malocclusion, as compared to 29% in the TSD group. In addition, the malocclusions in the SSD group were rated as more severe. Functional posterior crossbite and habitual lateral and/or anterior shift appeared more frequently in the SSD group. Class III malocclusion, anterior open bite and scissors bite were found only in the SSD group. Conclusion Children with SSD and motor speech involvement are more likely to have a higher prevalence of and more severe malocclusions than children with TSD.
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28.
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29.
  • Nakamura, K., et al. (författare)
  • Hydroxyl radicals generated by hydrogen peroxide photolysis recondition biofilm-contaminated titanium surfaces for subsequent osteoblastic cell proliferation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Titanium dental implants have been successfully used for decades; however, some implants are affected by peri-implantitis due to bacterial infection, resulting in loss of supporting bone. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an antimicrobial chemotherapy employing H2O2 photolysis-developed to treat peri-implantitis-on biofilm-contaminated titanium surfaces in association with osteoblastic cell proliferation on the treated surface. Titanium discs were sandblasted and acid-etched, followed by contamination with a three-species biofilm composed of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mitis. This biofilm model was used as a simplified model of clinical peri-implantitis biofilm. The discs were subjected to ultrasound scaling, followed by H2O2 photolysis, wherein 365-nm LED irradiation of the disc immersed in 3% H2O2 was performed for 5 min. We analysed proliferation of mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) cultured on the treated discs. Compared with intact discs, biofilm contamination lowered cell proliferation on the specimen surface, whereas H2O2 photolysis recovered cell proliferation. Thus, H2O2 photolysis can recover the degraded biocompatibility of biofilm-contaminated titanium surfaces and can potentially be utilised for peri-implantitis treatment. However, to verify the findings of this study in relation to clinical settings, assessment using a more clinically relevant multi-species biofilm model is necessary.
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30.
  • Persson, Maurits, et al. (författare)
  • Early extractions of premolars reduce age-related crowding of lower incisors : 50 years of follow-up
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 26:6, s. 4525-4535
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To study the effects of extraction of four premolars, without subsequent orthodontic treatment, on the crowding of lower incisors in subjects between early adolescence and late adulthood, as compared to untreated subjects.Materials and methods: A total of 45 subjects were included in this study. The extraction group comprised 24 subjects who had all the first premolars removed at a mean age of 11.5 years, to relieve crowding in a class I malocclusion without subsequent orthodontic treatment. The control group had 21 untreated subjects, having a normal occlusion at a mean age of 13.0 years. The participants were documented with dental casts and cephalograms at mean ages of 11.4 and 13.0 years, for the two groups respectively (T1), and at mean ages of 30.9 years (T2) and 61.7 years (T3). Changes in lower incisor crowding were described as changes in “irregularity” and “space deficiency.”Results: The extraction group showed no changes in the irregularity of the lower incisors and significant improvement of the space deficiency of the lower teeth into late adulthood. While in the control group, both irregularity of the lower incisors and space deficiency of the lower teeth increased significantly into late adulthood.Conclusion: Lower incisor alignment remains mainly unchanged into late adulthood in subjects who have all their first premolars removed in childhood, as the only treatment to relieve teeth crowding.Clinical relevance: Severe crowding in a class I occlusion can be solved solely with premolar extraction, allowing for spontaneous adjustments with more stable incisor alignment up to late adulthood.
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31.
  • Rizell, Sara, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Lateral and Frontal Cephalometric Measurements in a Cohort With Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; 58:7, s. 838-846
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2020, American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Objective: Descriptions of the craniofacial morphology in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) are primarily based on case reports or visual assessments of affected families. The aim of this study was to compare cephalometric measurements of the craniofacial skeleton in a cohort of individuals with SCS and age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies. Design: Retrospective case series. Patients: Eight girls and 4 boys with SCS (age range, 7.0-19.2 years). Methods: Cephalometric measurements were performed using lateral and frontal cephalograms. Results: Most of the individuals with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome exhibited lower values for SNA, SNB, s-n and s-ar, while their NSL/NL, NSL/ML, NL/ML, and n-s-ba values were higher than the respective mean reference values for healthy individuals. In comparison with age- and sex-matched individuals without craniofacial anomalies, the individuals with SCS showed higher values for the maxillary and mandibular angular measurements, as well as for the menton midline angle. Conclusions: This sample of 12 unrelated individuals with SCS is the largest collected to date for cephalometric measurements. We found that the syndrome is associated with bimaxillary retrognathism, posterior maxillary and mandibular inclination, neutral sagittal relation as well as a tendency toward an open vertical skeletal relation, a short and flattened skull base, and facial asymmetry, as compared to individuals without the syndrome.
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32.
  • Shchukarev, Andrey, et al. (författare)
  • Surface characterization of insulin-coated Ti6Al4V medical implants conditioned in cell culture medium: An XPS study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 216, s. 33-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Surface characterization of insulin-coated Ti6Al4V medical implants, after incubation in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM), was done by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in order to analyze the insulin behavior at the implant – α-MEM interface. In the absence of serum proteins in cell culture medium, the coated insulin layer remained intact, but experienced a time-dependent structural transformation exposing hydrophobic parts of the protein toward the solution. The presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the medium resulted in partial substitution of insulin by serum proteins. In spite of some insulin release, the remaining coated layer demonstrated a direct surface effect by stabilizing the structure of protein competitors, and by supporting the accumulation of calcium and phosphate ions at the interface. A structurally stable protein layer with incorporated calcium and phosphate ions at the implant–tissue interface could be an important prerequisite for enhanced bone formation.
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33.
  • Sheng, Nongfei, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Human PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and Streptococcus mutans virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: EBIOMEDICINE. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 101
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Lifestyle- and sucrose -dependent polymicrobial ecological shifts are a primary cause of caries in populations with high caries prevalence. In populations with low prevalence, PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance phenotypes may interact with the Streptococcus mutans adhesin cariogenicity phenotype to affect caries progression, but studies are lacking on how these factors affect the microbial profile of caries. Methods We analysed how the residency and infection profiles of S. mutans adhesin (SpaP A/B/C and Cnm/Cbm) phenotypes and commensal streptococci and lactobacilli influenced caries progression in a prospective case-referent sample of 452 Swedish adolescents with high (P4a), moderate (P6), and low (P1) caries PRH1, PRH2 phenotypes. Isolates of S. mutans from participants were analysed for adhesin expression and glycosylation and in vitro and in situ mechanisms related to caries activity. Findings Among adolescents with the resistant (P1) phenotype, infection with S. mutans high -virulence phenotypes was required for caries progression. In contrast, with highly (P4a) or moderately (P6) susceptible phenotypes, caries developed from a broader polymicrobial flora that included moderately cariogenic oral commensal streptococci and lactobacilli and S. mutans phenotypes. High virulence involved unstable residency and fluctuating SpaP ABC, B-1, or Cnm expression/glycosylation phenotypes, whereas low/moderate virulence involved SpaP A phenotypes with stable residency. Adhesin phenotypes did not display changes in individual host residency but were paired within individuals and geographic regions. Interpretation These results suggest that receptor PRH1, PRH2 susceptibility and resistance and S. mutans adhesin virulence phenotypes specify different microbial profiles in caries.
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34.
  • Sigvardsson, Jacob, et al. (författare)
  • Digital Quantification of Occlusal Contacts: A Methodological Study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To compare the reliability of digital occlusal contacts quantification and the validity of digital occlusal contacts quantification with traditional methods used for occlusal contact determination. Subjects and Methods: Thirty participants, all of whom were students at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included in the study. Three different methods were used to evaluate occlusal contacts: (I) a digital examination of the patients' casts, using the Ortho 3D Models (O3DM) software and measuring the total occlusal contact area in square millimeters (DE); (II) an examination involving the measurement of the total number of occlusal contacts on stone casts mounted in an articulator (AE); and (III) a clinical examination with the measurement of the total number of occlusal contacts with 8 mu m-thick articulating foil (CE). Results: The repeated digital measurements (same casts scanned multiple times) showed a significant correlation of 0.85 (p < 0.01), which shows a diagnostic consistency. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the results obtained with the DE method and the AE of 0.41 (p < 0.05), and between those acquired with the AE method and the CE of 0.37 (p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between the DE method and the CE method with a correlation coefficient of 0.10 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Digital casts can be used for quantification of the total occlusal contact area (in mm(2)) owing to the high reliability of repeated measurements and the strong validity of the method compared to traditionally employed stone cast measurements.
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35.
  • Stervik, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Choice of radiography in orthodontic treatment on children and adolescents: A questionnaire-based study performed in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 129:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to investigate the objective and choice of different radiographic examinations used in orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents, using a web-based questionnaire directed toward specialists in orthodontics. The questionnaire was distributed to 255 orthodontists in Sweden. In total, 142 responses were received, and 11 specialists were interviewed. Questions were related to the use of radiography during different treatment stages; modifications to the treatment regimen owing to radiographic findings; and the use of and/or need for guidelines in radiography. Radiographic examinations were performed in all treatment stages and mainly during treatment planning. Panoramic radiographs were always or often used by the respondents (99%), less frequently used were lateral radiographs (66%) and intra-oral radiographs of the incisor regions (69%). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was sparsely employed. A majority of the respondents considered that radiographic findings often or occasionally affected the treatment. Local- or clinic-specific guidelines were used by 85% of respondents. The need for national guidelines was considered low. The frequent use of panoramic radiography together with application of local guidelines, may indicate that radiographic selection criteria are not individualised. National guidelines might facilitate updates on radiographic techniques, and on radiation doses and risks in young patients.
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36.
  • Uribe, Pamela, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical predictors of maxillary canine impaction: a novel approach using multivariate analysis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 39:2, s. 153-160
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Ectopic eruption and/or impaction of maxillary permanent canines is a frequent problem in clinical dentistry. Previous studies aimed to identify potential associated factors and predictors for impacted maxillary canines have only used conventional univariate statistics, which does not allow the analysis of the interaction between and within variables. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) is a better and more powerful tool for the integration and interpretation of complex datasets. Aim: The aim of this study was to validate previously explored predictors of permanent maxillary canine impaction using MVDA. Subjects and methods: This cohort study included all the patients referred during 2011 to Molndal Hospital, Sweden for surgical exposure of impacted canines (N = 45). Age-and gender-matched orthodontic patients (N = 45) with normally erupting canines comprised the control group. The age range for both groups was 11-17 years. The positions of the canine teeth (orthopantograms), the skeletal variables (profile radiographs), and dentoalveolar traits (casts) were evaluated as potential predictive factors for impaction. Results: None of the parameters evaluated with either profile radiography or casts were positively correlated with impacted maxillary canines, with the exception of the location of the already impacted canines, as identified by orthopantogram. Conclusion: No correlation between clinical variables and impaction was found using MVDA. Therefore, these variables could not be used as predictors of canine impaction. Other types of parameters, such as inheritance and molecular factors that regulate the biological mechanisms of the eruption process, need to be further investigated.
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37.
  • Uribe, Pamela, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Gene expression profiles in dental follicles from patients with impacted canines
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Odontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-1247 .- 1618-1255. ; 106:4, s. 351-359
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2018 The Author(s) Animal studies suggest that the dental follicle (DF) plays a major role in tooth eruption. However, the role of the DF during tooth impaction and related root resorptions in adjacent teeth is not clear. The hypothesis for the present study is that expression of regulatory factors involved in the bone remodelling process necessary for tooth eruption may differ between dental follicles from teeth with different clinical situations. We have analysed the gene expression profiles in the DF obtained from impacted canines, with (N = 3) or without (N = 5) signs of root resorption, and from control teeth (normal erupting teeth, mesiodens) (N = 3). DF from 11 patients (mean age: 13 years) obtains at the time of surgical exposure of the tooth. Due to the surgical time point, all teeth were in a late developmental stage. Gene expression related to osteoblast activation/bone formation, osteoclast recruitment and activation was analysed by RTqPCR. Genes related to bone formation (RUNX2, OSX, ALP, OCN, CX43) were highly expressed in all the samples, but osteoclast recruitment/activation markers (OPG, RANKL, MCP-1, CSF-1) were negligible. No apparent patterns or significant differences in gene expression were found between impacted canines, with or without signs of root resorption, or when compared to control teeth. Our results suggest the DF regulation of osteoclastic activity is limited in the late pre-emergent stage of tooth development, irrespective if the tooth is normally erupting or impacted. We suggest that the follicle may have an important regulatory function for alveolar bone formation in the final eruption process and CX43-gap junction communication could be an important signalling pathway.
  •  
38.
  • Uribe, Pamela, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Soluble silica stimulates osteogenic differentiation and gap junction communication in human dental follicle cells
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Several studies have indicated that dietary silicon (Si) is beneficial for bone homeostasis and skeletal health. Furthermore, Si-containing bioactive glass biomaterials have positive effects on bone regeneration when used for repair of bone defects. Si has been demonstrated to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralisation in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects of Si are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of soluble Si on osteogenic differentiation and connexin 43 (CX43) gap junction communication in cultured pluripotent cells from human dental follicles (hDFC). Neutral Red uptake assay demonstrated that 25 mu g/ml of Si significantly stimulated hDFC cell proliferation. Dosages of Si above 100 mu g/ml decreased cell proliferation. Alizarin Red staining showed that osteogenic induction medium (OIM) by itself and in combination with Si (25 mu g/ml) significantly increased mineralisation in hDFC cultures, although Si alone had no such effect. The expression of osteoblast-related markers in hDFC was analysed with RT-qPCR. OSX, RUNX2, BMP2, ALP, OCN, BSP and CX43 genes were expressed in hDFC cultured for 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. Expression levels of BMP-2 and BSP were significantly upregulated by OIM and Si (25 mu g/ml) and were also induced by Si alone. Notably, the expression levels of OCN and CX43 on Day 21 were significantly increased only in the Si group. Flow cytometric measurements revealed that Si (50 mu g/ml) significantly increased CX43 protein expression and gap junction communication in hDFC. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics processing were used for the identification of differentially regulated genes and pathways. The influence of OIM over the cell differentiation profile was more prominent than the influence of Si alone. However, Si in combination with OIM increased the magnitude of expression (up or down) of the differentially regulated genes. The gene for cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) was the most significantly upregulated. Genes for the regulator of G protein signalling 4 (RGS4), regulator of G protein signalling 2 (RGS2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 1, 8, and 10 were also strongly upregulated. Our findings reveal that soluble Si stimulates Cx43 gap junction communication in hDFC and induces gene expression patterns associated with osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, the results support the conclusion that Si is beneficial for bone health.
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39.
  • Uribe, Pamela, 1988, et al. (författare)
  • Study on site-specific expression of bone formation and resorption factors in human dental follicles
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836. ; 126:6, s. 439-448
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We sought to investigate site-specific expression of bone-regulatory factors expressed by human dental follicles and to compare the stimulated expression of tumour necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (RANKL/OPG) in human dental follicle cells (HDFCs) from different patients. Analysis of bone-regulatory markers in follicles from 12 different study participants was performed using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence; apical and coronal segments from each dental follicle were processed independently. Four additional dental follicles were used for cell cultures; HDFCs were precultured in osteogenic medium to initiate differentiation and thereafter cultured with 10(-6) M forskolin (FSK) to activate the protein kinase cAMP (PKA/cAMP) signalling pathway and induce RANKL/OPG expression. We demonstrate that RANKL expression is significantly higher in the coronal part of follicles than in the apical part. High levels of collagen type 1 (COL1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gap-junction protein, alpha 1, 43 kDa (CX43) were expressed, whereas expression of Sp7 transcription factor (OSX), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP1), and OPG was low in all samples. The immunofluorescence localization of CSF-1, MCP1, osteocalcin (OCN), RANKL, and BMP2 was not specific for either part of the follicles. In conclusion, a consistently high expression of CX43 suggests that gap-junction communication in HDFCs is essential for the eruption process. Furthermore, the induced expression of RANKL in HDFCs varies significantly between individuals and may relate to clinical variations in tooth eruption.
  •  
40.
  • Waldenström, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-fabricated chain retainers as an alternative to traditional retainers
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Journal of Dental Sciences. - 1991-7902 .- 2213-8862. ; 19:1, s. 148-153
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background/purpose: Preserving the outcome of orthodontic treatment is both important and challenging. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the best way to ensure long-term treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate a pre-fabricated chain retainer (PFCR) in terms of: ability to maintain satisfactory treatment outcomes; periodontal and dental health; complications; and patient satisfaction. Materials and methods: Overall, 130 patients who had completed orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance during the period 2016–2019 (follow-up time range, 24–55 months) at a specialist orthodontic clinic in Varberg, Sweden and who had a PFCR in the lower jaw were invited to take part in the study. Little's irregularity index (LII) was recorded on dental casts. Caries, gingivitis, calculus, probing pocket depth, and gingival retractions were registered during clinical examinations. Patient satisfaction and retainer complications were evaluated using a questionnaire. Results: In total, 76 patients (58.5%) agreed to participate. All patients, except for one, had their retainer still in place, and the complication rate was 40%. The LII scores were in the range of 0–4 mm (mean, 1.42 mm). At the retainer site, 82% had calculus, 74% had gingivitis, 1% had pocket depth >4 mm, 10.5% had gingival retractions >2 mm, and 0% had caries. All the patients expressed satisfaction with their retainer. Conclusion: PFCRs exhibit characteristics similar to those of traditional bonded retainers in terms of complications, stability, side-effects and patient experience. Therefore, they can be considered a viable alternative to traditional retainers installed in the lower anterior teeth.
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41.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Bonded retainers maintain a high-standard orthodontic treatment outcome long term
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4438. ; 4:2, s. 78-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated deterioration of orthodontic treatment outcome postretention; however, few studies present results in cases still in retention long term. The aim of the present study was to evaluate orthodontic treatment outcomes in patients with teeth still in retention at 10 years post-treatment. Methods: This longitudinal study enrolled 108 children who received bonded lingual retainers after treatment with a full fixed appliance. Retainer extension and morphologic stability, as measured by weighted peer assessment ratings (wPAR), were recorded at pretreatment (t0), immediately post-treatment (t1), 5 years post-treatment (t5), and 10 years post-treatment (t10). The t10 results were compared with those from an untreated control group matched on age and sex. Post-treatment stability was additionally tested for correlation to age, sex, malocclusion, and extraction therapy. Results: At the group level, there was a significant mean reduction in wPAR of 74% at t10 (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean wPAR was significantly better than was that in the control group. At the patient level, 57% of patients were categorized as "greatly improved." The only factor that could be correlated to post-treatment changes (from t1 to t10) was the presence of at least one bonded retainer ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: A "high standard orthodontic treatment outcome" could be maintained 10 years post-treatment by keeping the bonded retainers in both the upper and lower arches. Orthodontic patients expect the aesthetics to be maintained over time. The results from this study, that bonded lingual retainers maintain the orthodontic treatment result for 10 years, are valuable information for the clinician when giving the patients advice and recommendations regarding retainer maintenance. © 2015 World Federation of Orthodontists.
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42.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of the long-term effects of orthodontic retainers on marginal bone levels
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-5406 .- 1097-6752. ; 151:1, s. 74-81
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction Fixed retainers are widely used after orthodontic treatment, sometimes for extended periods, despite insufficient knowledge of their possible long-term adverse effects on the periodontium. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate whether bonded orthodontic retainers have an adverse long-term effect on the marginal bone levels of the mandibular front teeth. Methods The study included 62 consecutive patients in 3 groups: (1) patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and wore a fixed retainer for 10years, (2) patients who underwent orthodontic treatment but did not have a fixed retainer, and (3) untreated controls. The marginal bone levels were measured by cone-beam computed tomography 10years after treatment. Additionally, multivariate data analysis was used to analyze possible correlations between the marginal bone levels at 10years and the variables obtained from the study casts and profile radiographs. Results The results demonstrated a significantly lower marginal bone level on the buccal side of the mandibular front teeth in the orthodontically treated patients compared with the orthodontically untreated group. There was no difference in the marginal bone levels between the retainer group and the no-retainer group. Multivariate analysis indicated that a low marginal bone level was correlated with a basal open vertical relationship, posterior rotation of the mandible, pretreatment of the incisor protrusion, and extraction therapy. Conclusions Within the limits of this research design, the long-term retention phase in general does not seem to cause any adverse effects on the marginal bone levels after 10years. © 2017 American Association of Orthodontists
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43.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • Digital casts in orthodontics: A comparison of 4 software systems
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-5406 .- 1097-6752. ; 147:4, s. 509-516
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The introduction of digital cast models is inevitable in the otherwise digitized everyday life of orthodontics. The introduction of this new technology, however, is not straightforward, and selecting an appropriate system can be difficult. The aim of the study was to compare 4 orthodontic digital software systems regarding service, features, and usability. Methods: Information regarding service offered by the companies was obtained from questionnaires and Web sites. The features of each software system were collected by exploring the user manuals and the software programs. Replicas of pretreatment casts were sent to Cadent (OrthoCAD; Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ), OthoLab (O3DM; OrthoLab, Poznan, Poland), OrthoProof (DigiModel; OrthoProof, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands), and 3Shape (OrthoAnalyzer; 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). The usability of the programs was assessed by experts in interaction design and usability using the "enhanced cognitive walkthrough" method: 4 tasks were defined and performed by a group of domain experts while they were observed by usability experts. Results: The services provided by the companies were similar. Regarding the features, all 4 systems were able to perform basic measurements; however, not all provided the peer assessment rating index or the American Board of Orthodontics analysis, simulation of the treatment with braces, or digital articulation of the casts. All systems demonstrated weaknesses in usability. However, OrthoCAD and 03DM were considered to be easier to learn for first-time users. Conclusions: In general, the usability of these programs was poor and needs to be further developed. Hands-on training supervised by the program experts is recommended for beginners.
  •  
44.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1981, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term nicotine treatment suppresses IL-1 beta release and attenuates substance P- and 5-HT-evoked Ca2+ responses in astrocytes
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 553, s. 191-195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate whether short- or long-term nicotine treatment, had an influence on Ca2+-induced intracellular Ca2+ release in astrocytes co-cultured with microvascular endothelial cells, and if the release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) changed during this treatment. We found that nicotine-evoked Ca2+ transients were not attenuated up to 10 d of incubation with nicotine, neither was the alpha 7-nicotine acetylcholine receptor (alpha 7-nAChR) protein. After 10 d the IL-1 beta release was decreased. Furthermore, substance P- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-evoked Ca2+ transients were attenuated after 10 d of nicotine treatment, but glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) had no effect on these transients. The results show that long-term nicotine treatment had no influence on nicotine-evoked Ca2+ transients or protein expression of the alpha 7-nAChR, but had with a decreased IL-1 beta release. The G(q) protein and inositoltrisphosphate system seems to be influenced by the attenuation of Ca2+-evoked intracellular Ca2+ release after stimulation with substance P and 5-HT. (C) 2013 The Authors.
  •  
45.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970 (författare)
  • Orthodontic implants and orthodontic implant surfaces
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Implant Surfaces and their Biological and Clinical Impact. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783662453797 ; , s. 157-178
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Orthodontic implants as anchorage device has brought new dimensions to orthodontic treatment planning and biomechanics. Treatments that were previously not possible can now be accomplished successfully not only in children and adolescent but also in adults. The chapter covers evaluated concepts of orthodontic implant: anchorage, origin, nomenclature, and applications. Parameters affecting success rates including patient-related factors, implant-related factors, and factors related to clinical procedures are discussed more in detail. Particular attention has been paid to parameters related to implant materials and implant surface. These parameters have not been fully evaluated since it is claimed that osseointegration is of secondary importance because of the temporary nature of these implants. It could be concluded that in order to develop the concept of orthodontic implants all parameters need to be considered. Orthodontic implants would favor from having their surfaces modified for proper osseointegration. This would increase not only the success rate during favorable conditions but also maintain the success rate when compensating for other parameters being compromised in the clinical situation. Moreover, to be able to optimize on orthodontic implant parameters in general, all independent variables need to be controlled. In most studies so far, there are scatters of variables, making it impossible to draw any evidence-based scientific conclusion. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015.
  •  
46.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970 (författare)
  • Orthodontic implants and orthodontic implant surfaces. :
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Implant Surfaces and their Biological and Clinical Impact. Editors: Ann Wennerberg, Tomas Albrektsson & Ryo Jimbo. - : Springer. - 9783662453780 ; , s. 157-178
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Orthodontic implants as anchorage device has brought new dimensions to orthodontic treatment planning and biomechanics. Treatments that were previously not possible can now be accomplished successfully not only in children and adolescent but also in adults. The chapter covers evaluated concepts of orthodontic implant: anchorage, origin, nomenclature, and applications. Parameters affecting success rates including patient-related factors, implant-related factors, and factors related to clinical procedures are discussed more in detail. Particular attention has been paid to parameters related to implant materials and implant surface. These parameters have not been fully evaluated since it is claimed that osseointegration is of secondary importance because of the temporary nature of these implants. It could be concluded that in order to develop the concept of orthodontic implants all parameters need to be considered. Orthodontic implants would favor from having their surfaces modified for proper osseointegration. This would increase not only the success rate during favorable conditions but also maintain the success rate when compensating for other parameters being compromised in the clinical situation. Moreover, to be able to optimize on orthodontic implant parameters in general, all independent variables need to be controlled. In most studies so far, there are scatters of variables, making it impossible to draw any evidence-based scientific conclusion.
  •  
47.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970 (författare)
  • State of the Art Bioactive Titanium Implant Surfaces
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Surafce Coatings. - New York : Nova Science Publisher, Inc.. - 9781616689926 ; , s. 1-44
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This book presents current research on thin films and coatings. The mechanical properties of films and coatings, which are highly affected by their microstructure and their adhesion to substrates, are reviewed. Furthermore, electronic semiconductor devices and optical coatings, which are the main applications benefiting from thin film construction are looked at. This book discusses antimicrobial surface coatings as promising applications of advanced active food packaging systems. Ways in which they effectively control the microbial contamination of various foodstuffs are analyzed. Research that has been done in the last decade using ultrasonic waves for coating surfaces is also examined. Finally, since coatings and films mechanical properties are highly affected by their microstructure, and their adhesion to substrates, this book includes research on interface microstructure and the important role that bond formation plays on coatings and films.
  •  
48.
  • Westerlund, Anna, 1970, et al. (författare)
  • What Factors Are Associated With Impacted Canines in Cleft Patients?
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. - : Elsevier BV. - 1531-5053 .- 0278-2391. ; 72:11, s. 2109-2114
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is important to predict and prevent the impaction of canines. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of impacted canines in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to identify factors associated with impaction.
  •  
49.
  • Öhrnell Malekzadeh, Behnosh, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of implant-delivered insulin on bone formation in osteoporotic rats
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research - Part A. - : Wiley. - 1549-3296 .- 1552-4965. ; 106:9, s. 2472-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Osteoporosis is a major cause of age-related fractures. Healing complications in osteoporotic patients are often associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Stimulation of the implant-adjacent bone could be beneficial in terms of the surgical outcome. Over the past decade, numerous investigations have implicated insulin in normal bone growth, and recent studies have described the advantages of administering insulin locally to increase bone formation. Therefore, we hypothesized that insulin-coated titanium implants would increase bone formation in osteoporotic animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of insulin delivered from an implant surface on bone-related gene expression and bone formation in osteoporotic rats. Characterizations of the surfaces of insulin-coated and control implants were performed using ellipsometry and interferometry. Forty ovariectomized and four healthy Sprague Dawley rats were used and implants were inserted in the tibias. The systemic effect of insulin was assessed by measuring the blood glucose levels and total body weight. The animals were sacrificed either 1 day or 3 weeks postimplantation. Implant-adherent cells were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, and the bone adjacent to the implants was examined by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. The insulin-coated implants had no systemic effects. The insulin-coated samples demonstrated significantly lower expression of the gene for interleukin 1β (p=0.019) at 1 day, and significantly exhibited more periosteal callus (p=0.029) at 3 weeks. Locally delivered insulin has potential for promoting bone formation and it exerts potentially anti-inflammatory effects in osteoporotic rats.
  •  
50.
  • Öhrnell Malekzadeh, Behnosh, et al. (författare)
  • Insulin released from titanium discs with insulin coatings- kinetics and biological activity
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 105:7, s. 1847-1854
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Local administration of insulin from a titanium surface has been demonstrated to increase bone formation in non-diabetic rats. The authors hypothesised that insulin was released from the titanium surface and with preserved biological activity after the release. Thus, in the present in vitro study, human recombinant insulin was immobilized onto titanium discs, and the insulin release kinetics was evaluated using Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. Neutral Red uptake assay and a mineralization assay were used to evaluate the biological effects of insulin on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The results confirmed that insulin was released from titanium surfaces during a six-week period. Furthermore, etching the disc prior to insulin coating, thickening of the insulin coating and incubation of the discs in serum-enriched cell culture medium increased the release. Another interesting finding was that longer storage time decreased the release of insulin. The released insulin had retained its biological activity, as demonstrated by the significant increase in cell number and a stimulated mineralization process, upon exposure to released insulin.
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