| 1. |
- Isacs, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Ingen vet kostnaden för utsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens industri. - : Specialtidningsförlaget. - 0346-640X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Regnö, Klara, 1973-
(författare)
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Det osynliggjorda ledarskapet : Kvinnliga chefer i majoritet
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study focuses on women managers in women-dominated organisations. They are leaders in organisations where the majority of the managers as well as the employees are women. In Sweden today most women and men of working age carry out paid work. Women’s salaried employment in Sweden, along with other Nordic countries, is well above the EU-average. The labour market is however divided both horizontally and vertically according to gender. Men and women tend to work in different sectors and industries, perform different tasks and hold different positions. In the public sector, 64 per cent of all managers are women. This means that quite a large proportion of women managers in Sweden work in the public sector.The empirical material consists of interviews with managers, employed in the public sector, working with care for the elderly and disabled. The results were also based on observations of the managers’ places of work as well as written material.The overall aim of the thesis is to: understand how gender power relations are produced, reproduced and changed through describing and analysing the working conditions of women managers, their room for manoeuvre, and how this (re)produces and changes in organisations dominated by women.The studied organizations are large organisations that supply a vast number of care services. The managers describe their job as compelling and stimulating and they enjoy having the power to shape the organization. Results of the analysis suggest that being in majority opens up for various ways of challenging male constructions of management. The managers do not have to relate to pre-existing notions of management. They are comfortable in the power position. They constitute the norm for management in the sense that it is what they do at work that defines management. Moreover, they do not perceive themselves as part of a gendered category as managers.The manager’s working conditions are characterized by large areas of responsibility. They are responsible for budget, staff, organizational development and day-to-day operations. Despite this, managers in woman-dominated operations are paid lower salaries than managers in both male-dominated municipality activities and in the private sector.How can it be that such highly qualified and challenging managerial practice is not rewarded high status and high salaries? In the analysis a misogyny discourse is identified which exists at the level of society and is passed on to the organisations studied. The misogyny discourse contributes to devaluing and making women’s work invisible. In parallel with misogyny, there is also a discourse glorifying men. The glorification of men gives men in minority a dominant status above the women in majority. Power relations are nevertheless not only reproduced. The results show that the women managers apply both individual and collective resistance strategies to alter subordination. The prevailing unequal conditions are thus both reproduced and challenged.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, David, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes to Personal Carbon Allowances
- 2011
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Ingår i: WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS. - 1403-2465. ; 505
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A personal carbon allowance (PCA) scheme targets emissions from individual consumption and allocates allowances directly to individuals by dividing the carbon budget on a per capita basis. In this study we analyze the results of a survey sent out to a representative sample of the Swedish population regarding attitudes to a potential PCA scheme. The distinctive design of a PCA scheme is likely to give rise to specific factors affecting individuals‟ attitudes, such as the perceived fairness of the allocation of allowances and corresponding redistribution of wealth, as well as the perceived complexity of the scheme. We perform an ordered probit analysis with attitude to PCAs as the dependent variable, controlling for a number of variables potentially affecting such attitudes. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the most important variable explaining attitudes to the scheme is the perception of respondents that this type of policy instrument seems very complex.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bask, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Market Structure and the Stability and Volatility of Electricity Prices
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- By using a novel approach in this paper,(?,??)-analysis, we have found that electricity prices most of the time have increased in stability and decreased in volatility when the Nordic power market has expanded and the degree of competition has increased. That electricity prices at Nord Pool have been generated by a stochastic dynamic system that most often has become more stable during the step-wise integration of the Nordic power market means that this market is less sensitive to shocks after the integration process than it was before this process. This is good news.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bask, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the Stability of a Dynamic System : The Case of the Stock Market Turmoil 2007-2008
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the change in actual and potential market risks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) during the two-year period 2007-2008 can be analyzed with the help of (λ, σ2)-analysis. In the empirical analysis, the average of the Lyapunov exponents for the dynamic system generating DJIA returns is used as the stability measure, , whereas the squared DJIA return is used as the variability measure, λ, whereas the squared DJIA return is used as the variability measure, σ2. The main findings are as follows: (i) the potential market risk in the DJIA did not fluctuate that much during 2007, with the exceptions of early fall and near the end of the year; (ii) the potential market risk fluctuated a lot during 2008, especially in early August and in the middle of September; and (iii) the actual market risk in the DJIA was considerably higher near the end of 2008, especially in October, compared with the rest of the period.
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| 10. |
- Bask, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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The Stability and Volatility of Electricity Prices: An Illustration of (λ, σ2) Analysis
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this letter is to discuss and illustrate what we call (λ, σ2)- analysis, which is a method to distinguish between the stability of a stochastic dynamic system and the volatility of a variable generated by this system. It is also emphasized that this method is able to generate new research questions for economic theory. The data set used in an empirical illustration is spot electricity prices from Nord Pool.
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| 11. |
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| 13. |
- Bitencourt de Oliveira, Felipe, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring automotive supplier data in life cycle assessment – Precision versus workload
- 2022
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-9209. ; 105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Material Data System (IMDS) can be used as data source for life cycle assessments (LCAs) in the automotive industry. The level of data aggregation and degree of completeness affect precision of LCA results and required workload. This paper assesses this trade-off. Life cycle impact assessment scores for an engine, modelled as detailed as possible, were compared to results for seven simplified modelling options. The study concludes that: (1) employing IMDS data with lower resolution reduced the workload marginally; (2) cutting-off materials below 1 wt-% greatly decreased workload while maintaining reasonable precision; (3) decreasing the number of substances representing each material largely affected scores for most impact categories except a few, including the climate change category, while (4) excluding complementary data for manufacturing significantly impacted greenhouse gas emissions. Since modelling choices affect the impact categories differently, aligning choices with the purpose of the study and available workload is paramount.
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| 14. |
- Carlsson Wetterberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Om patriakat: en kritisk granskning
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genushistoria : en historiografisk exposé. - 9144032161 ; , s. 59-77
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
- Rex, Emma, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailored for decision – Knowing your target group prior to adaptation
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life cycle thinking is but one perspective - if at all considered -, in everyday business decisions throughout the organization; in the selection of suppliers, in the strategy of new product ranges, and, in what information is chosen to be highlighted to the customers. Tradeoffs are constantly made between e.g. environment, quality, price and other company goals. Before any successful adaptation and visualization of life cycle information, it is important for internal life cycle experts to identify and understand how other functions of the company perceive and value life cycle information in their specific working situations.To get a better understanding of these internal users of life cycle information, life cycle experts in four multinational companies (Akzo Nobel, Vattenfall, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group) have joined forces with researchers in life cycle management and behavioral science to create a graphical map of how life cycle information is spread and used in different parts of an organization. The aim of the map is to be used as a basis for discussions and recommendations on how to tailor life cycle information in order to support decision making throughout a company.The map is constructed by combining a) inventories on how quantitative data seeks its way to internal users through databases, reports and KPIs, with b) qualitative interviews on goal framing and decision weights of e.g. environmental and economic information. As a result, the map illustrates both the “physical” flows of life cycle information and the “cognitive logics” of this information for different users (e.g. how values, attitudes and norms influence the target groups’ likelihood of including life cycle information in their decision processes).Based on the map, each company can identify and discuss who the main users of life cycle information are and what premises for life cycle thinking these users have: In what decision making situation is, or can, life cycle information be used? How is the information understood? What other sources of information and rationales for decisions are used in parallel to, or in conflict with, LCA-results?Initial analyses on the usefulness of the map point to a better understanding of how life cycle experts can tailor information for decisions in different parts of the company, as well as on its usefulness in illustrating to people outside of the environmental departments the widespread use of life cycle information that already exist in the company. The latter is not least important for creating an understanding in how the organization respond to ongoing external pressure to focus more on a life cycle approach, e.g. new requirements in ISO 14001, new EU Directives on public procurement and current EU work to establish a common LCA methodology.
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| 16. |
- Widerberg, Anna, 1976
(författare)
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An Electricity Trading System with Tradable Green Certificates and CO2 Emission Allowances
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combinations of various policy instruments to deal with the threat of cli- mate change are used throughout the world. The aim of this article is to investigate an electricity market with two di¤erent policy instruments, Tradable Green Certi cates (TGCs) and CO2 emission allowances (an Emission Trading System, ETS). We analyze both the short- and long- run e¤ects of a domestic market and a market with trade. We nd that increasing the TGC quota obligation will decrease the electricity produced using non-renewable sources as well as the long-run total production of electricity. For the electricity produced using renewable energy sources, an increase in the quota obligation leads to increased production in al- most all cases, with assumptions based on historical data. The impacts of the ETS price on the electricity production are negative for all electricity production, which is surprising. This means that the combination of ETS and TGCs gives unexpected and unwanted results for the electricity pro- duction using renewable sources, since an increase in the ETS price leads to a decrease in this production.
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| 17. |
- Widerberg, Anna, 1976
(författare)
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Essays on Energy and Climate Policy – Green Certificates, Emissions Trading and Electricity Prices
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Paper I: An Electricity Trading System with Tradable Green Certificates and CO₂-emission Allowances Combinations of various policy instruments to deal with the threat of climate change are used throughout the world. The aim of this article is to investigate an electricity market with two different policy instruments, Tradable Green Certificates (TGCs) and CO₂ emission allowances (an Emission Trading System, ETS). We analyze both the short- and long-run effects of a domestic market and a market with trade. We find that increasing the TGC quota obligation will decrease the electricity produced using non-renewable sources as well as the long-run total production of electricity. For the electricity produced using renewable energy sources, an increase in the quota obligation leads to increased production in almost all cases, with assumptions based on historical data. The impacts of the ETS price on the electricity production are negative for all electricity production, which is surprising. This means that the combination of ETS and TGCs gives unexpected and unwanted results for the electricity production using renewable sources, since an increase in the ETS price leads to a decrease in this production. Paper II: The Impact of the EU Emissions Trading System on CO2 Intensity in Electricity Generation The primary objective of EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is to reduce CO2 emissions. We study the effect of the EU ETS on CO2 intensity of Swedish electricity generation, using an econometric time series analysis on weekly data for the period 2004–2008. We control for effects of other input prices and hydropower reservoir levels. Our results do not indicate any link between the price of EU ETS and the CO2 intensity. The most likely reasons to explain this is that emission reductions are generally cheaper in other sectors and that other determinants of fossil fuel use diminish the effects of the EU ETS. Paper III: Attitudes to Personal Carbon Allowances A personal carbon allowance (PCA) scheme targets emissions from individual consumption and allocates allowances directly to individuals by dividing the carbon budget on a per capita basis. In this study we analyze the results of a survey sent out to a representative sample of the Swedish population regarding attitudes to a potential PCA scheme. The distinctive design of a PCA scheme is likely to give rise to specific factors affecting individuals’ attitudes, such as the perceived fairness of the allocation of allowances and corresponding redistribution of wealth, as well as the perceived complexity of the scheme. We perform an ordered probit analysis with attitude to PCAs as the dependent variable, controlling for a number of variables potentially affecting such attitudes. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the most important variable explaining attitudes to the scheme is the perception of respondents that this type of policy instrument seems very complex. Paper IV: The stability of electricity prices: Estimation and inference of the Lyapunov exponents The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the stability of a stochastic dynamic system is measured using the Lyapunov exponents. Specifically, we use a feedforward neural network to estimate these exponents as well as asymptotic results for this estimator to test for unstable (chaotic) dynamics. The data set used is spot electricity prices from the Nordic power exchange market, Nord Pool, and the dynamic system that generates these prices appears to be chaotic in one case since the null hypothesis of a non-positive largest Lyapunov exponent is rejected at the 1 per cent level. Paper V: Market structure and the stability and volatility of electricity price By using a novel approach in this paper, (λ,σ2)-analysis, we have found that electricity prices most of the time have increased in stability and decreased in volatility when the Nordic power market has expanded and the degree of competition has increased. That electricity prices at Nord Pool have been generated by a stochastic dynamic system that most often has become more stable during the step-wise integration of the Nordic power market means that this market is less sensitive to shocks after the integration process than it was before this process. This is good news.
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| 18. |
- Widerberg, Anna, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of the EU Emissions Trading System on CO2 Intensity in Electricity Generation
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prior to the launch of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in 2005, the electricity sector was widely proclaimed to have more low-cost emission abatement opportunities than other sectors. If this were true, effects of the EU ETS on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions would likely be visible in the electricity sector. Our study looks at the effect of the price of emission allowances (EUA) on CO2 emissions from Swedish electricity generation, using an econometric time series analysis for the period 2004–2008. We control for effects of other input prices and hydropower reservoir levels. Our results do not indicate any link between the price of EUA and the CO2 emissions of Swedish electricity production. A number of reasons may explain this result and we conclude that other determinants of fossil fuel use in Swedish electricity generation probably diminished the effects of the EU ETS.
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| 19. |
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