| 1. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Ground tit genome reveals avian adaptation to living at high altitudes in the Tibetan plateau.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2071-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ground tit (Parus humilis) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. It is a member of family Paridae but it was long thought to be related to the ground jays because of their morphological similarities. Here we present the ground tit's genome and re-sequence two tits and one ground jay, to clarify this controversially taxonomic status and uncover its genetic adaptations to the Tibetan plateau. Our results show that ground tit groups with two tits and it diverges from them between 7.7 and 9.9 Mya. Compared with other avian genomes, ground tit shows expansion in genes linked to energy metabolism and contractions in genes involved in immune and olfactory perception. We also found positively selected and rapidly evolving genes in hypoxia response and skeletal development. These results indicated that ground tit evolves basic strategies and 'tit-to-jay' change for coping with the life in an extreme environment.
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| 2. |
- Hudson, Thomas J., et al.
(författare)
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International network of cancer genome projects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7291, s. 993-998
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.
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| 3. |
- Duan, Zheng, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric mercury pollution in the xi’an area, china, studied by differential absorption lidar
- 2021
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Ingår i: Atmosphere. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4433. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements of the atmospheric concentration of polluting atomic mercury were performed using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique in the Lintong district, about 35 km northeast of Xi’an, the capital of the Shaanxi province, China. Concentrations ranging from 2 to 13 ng/m3 were observed. As uniquely enabled by the lidar technique, representative average concentrations, integrated over a considerable volume, were recorded and put in relation to weather conditions, and vertical concentration profiles were measured. Considerable local non-uniformities were also observed, which may indicate the presence of localized hot-spots in the area, possibly related to ancient tombs.
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| 4. |
- Hu, Lingna, et al.
(författare)
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Optical detection of otitis media using modified spectroscopic otoscope
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACP 2018. - 9781538661581 ; 2018-October
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Otitis media is a common infectious disease in early childhood. We use an optical diagnostic system combining otoscopy and spectroscopy to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of otitis media.
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| 5. |
- Li, Yuanyi, et al.
(författare)
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Storm Surges in the Bohai Sea : The Role of Waves and Tides
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A storm surge is a complex phenomenon in which waves, tide and current interact. Even though wind is the predominant force driving the surge, waves and tidal phase are also important factors that influence the mass and momentum transport during the surge. Devastating storm surges often occur in the Bohai Sea, a semi-enclosed shallow sea in North China, due to extreme storms. However, the effects of waves on storm surges in the Bohai Sea have not been quantified and the mechanisms responsible for the higher surges that affect part of the Bohai Sea have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we set up a storm surge model, considering coupled effects of tides and waves on the surges. Validation against measured data shows that the coupled model is capable of simulating storm surges in the Bohai Sea. The simulation results indicate that the longshore currents, which are induced by the large gradient of radiation stress due to wave deformation, are one of the main contributors to the higher surges occurring in some coastal regions. The gently varying bathymetry is another factor contributing to these surges. With such bathymetry, the wave force direction is nearly uniform, and pushes a large amount of water in that direction. Under these conditions, the water accumulates in some parts of the coast, leading to higher surges in nearby coastal regions such as the south coast of the Bohai Bay and the west and south coasts of the Laizhou Bay. Results analysis also shows that the tidal phase at which the surge occurs influences the wave–current interactions, and these interactions are more evident in shallow waters. Neglecting these interactions can lead to inaccurate predictions of the storm surges due to overestimation or underestimation of wave-induced set-up.
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| 6. |
- Lin, Xiaobo, et al.
(författare)
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Ripening of avocado fruits studied by spectroscopic techniques
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Biophotonics. - : Wiley. - 1864-063X .- 1864-0648. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Avocados are considered very healthy due to the high content mono-unsaturated lipid, essential vitamins and minerals, minimal sugar and no cholesterol and are therefore sometimes referred to as “the perfect fruits”. Avocados, mainly grown in Latin-America, are harvested unripe and sent overseas. However, the ripening process is very difficult to assess visually and tactilely. A tool for precise noninvasive judgment of the status would be valuable as the fruit is too expensive to be cut open unripe or overdue. A white-light source and a light-emitting diode unit with four excitation wavelengths (365, 385, 395, and 405 nm) were used for reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy in a fiber-coupled set-up for noninvasive monitoring. Twelve non-ripe avocados, with approximately the same size and appearance, were studied and divided into three groups and kept at three different storage conditions; at room temperature, in a refrigerator and a combination of the two. We showed that fluorescence was useful for following the ripening process. A method, which compensates for the spatial variations in spectral properties around a fruit, is described. Remote fluorescence monitoring, intended for orchard use, was also demonstrated. A low-cost device based on fluorescence for avocado ripeness assessment is proposed.
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| 7. |
- Sadrizadeh, Sasan, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic review of operating room ventilation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 40, s. 102693-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilation systems are the primary way of eliminating airborne pathogenic particles in an operating room (OR). However, such systems can be complex due to factors such as different surgical instruments, diverse room sizes, various staff counts, types of clothing used, different surgical types and duration, medications, and patient conditions. OR ventilation should provide a thermally comfortable environment for the surgical staff team members while preventing the patient from suffering from any extreme hypothermia. Many technical, logistical, and ethical implications need to be considered in the early stage of designing a ventilation system for an OR. Years of research and a significant number of publications have highlighted the controversy and disagreement among infection specialists, design engineers, and ventilation experts in this context. This review article aims to provide a good understanding of OR ventilation systems in the context of air quality and infection control from existing research and provide multidimensional insights for appropriate design and operation of the OR. To this end, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature, covering 253 articles in this context. Systematic review and meta-analyses were used to map the evidence and identify research gaps in the existing clinical, practical, and engineering knowledge. The present study is categorized into six research focuses: ventilation system, thermal comfort, staff work practice and obstacles, door operation and passage, air cleaning technology, emission rate, and clothing systems. In the conclusion, we summarize the key limitations of the existing studies and insights for future research direction.
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| 8. |
- Song, Ziwei, et al.
(författare)
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Application of lidar remote sensing of insects in agricultural entomology on the Chinese scene
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Entomology. - : Wiley. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 144:3, s. 161-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insect pest management is a very important aspect for plant protection in crops production. Remote sensing provides a large number of techniques that are beneficial in entomological research. Although entomological radars have been used for studying migrations of insects for many years, most of entomological radar studies have been vertically tracing high-altitude migration behaviour of insects. Light detection and ranging (lidar) is a counterpart to radar, now operating in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has been recently applied for monitoring of insects at low altitude. Such techniques, in particular low-cost continuous-wave (CW) bi-static systems based on the Scheimpflug arrangement, have been rapidly developing during the last decade. As a result, optical methods present new and fascinating possibilities. Based on experience from a 2-week field campaign in rice paddy fields, we here present an overview of lidar remote sensing applied to the Chinese scene. The capability of a CW Scheimpflug lidar system in monitoring the insects was studied. We present results on insect abundance in relation to time of the day and weather conditions. We also identified insect species by analysing wing-beat frequencies and studied their attraction to ultraviolet (UV) lamp located close to the horizontal laser sampling path during night time. Results showed that the insect species were abundant, that insects detected by the lidar system were attracted to light and that light rain increased the insect activity. The lidar detection system had a high read-out frequency, enabling the estimation of insect wing-beat frequencies.
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| 9. |
- Su, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Infection probability under different air distribution patterns
- 2021
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 207:Part B
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious diseases have caused significant physical harm to humans as well as enormous economic losses over the years. Effective ventilation and distribution of fresh air could help to reduce indoor cross-infection. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used in this paper to investigate airborne transmission with seven different air distribution methods. The revised Wells-Riley model, which took into account the non-uniform air distribution generated with the methods, was used to calculate the infection probability in an office room shared by ten occupants for 4 h. One of the occupants was an infector. The significance of the infector's location was studied. The obtained infection probability was compared to that obtained in the case of complete air mixing, which is uncommon in practice. Under specified conditions of this study, personalized ventilation (PV) performed the best in terms of preventing cross-infection, followed by displacement ventilation (DV), impinging jet ventilation (IJV), stratum ventilation (SV) and wall attachment ventilation (WAV). The number of infected occupants was reduced below the number obtained under the complete mixing assumption by using these air distribution methods. Mixing ventilation (MV) and diffuse ceiling ventilation (DCV) exhibited the worst performance. In comparison to the case of complete mixing the infection probability for seven out of nine susceptible occupants was higher with MV and for all occupants in the case of DCV. In SV, the position of the infector had a clear impact on the infection probability of susceptible individuals. WAV may perform better in practice if the system is well designed. The location of the exhaust outlets had a significant impact on the infection probability for DCV.
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| 10. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Laser spectroscopy applied to environmental, ecological, agricultural and food safety research
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine, PIBM 2017. - 9781557528209 ; Part F70-PIBM 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser spectroscopy has a multitude of applications of importance to human and ecosystem well-being, such as in the environmental, ecological, agricultural and food safety areas. Recent work, mostly from SCNU, will be reviewed.
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| 11. |
- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Laser spectroscopy applied to environmental, ecological, food safety, and biomedical research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 24:6, s. 515-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laser spectroscopy provides many possibilities for multidisciplinary applications in environmental monitoring, in the ecological field, for food safety investigations, and in biomedicine. The paper gives several examples of the power of multi-disciplinary applications of laser spectroscopy as pursued in our research group. The studies utilize mostly similar and widely applicable spectroscopic approaches. Air pollution and vegetation monitoring by lidar techniques, as well as agricultural pest insect monitoring and classification by elastic scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy are described. Biomedical aspects include food safety applications and medical diagnostics of sinusitis and otitis, with strong connection to the abatement of antibiotics resistance development.
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| 12. |
- Yan, Hua, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of K438 alloy processed by selective laser melting and subsequent heat treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, K438 nickel-based high-temperature alloy was successfully prepared and heat-treated by selected laser melting (SLM). A comparative study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of different samples was carried out to reveal the influence of SLM process parameters and heat treatment. The layer-by-layer fabrication in SLM created a special sunflower-shaped dendrites and the extremely fast cooling rate resulted in a large number of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and inhomogeneous γ’ phases being found in the samples. After heat treatment, the orbital structure within the tissue disappeared and the coarse square γ’ phase (0.4 to 0.8 μm) melted and precipitated fine rounded secondary γ’ phases (0.05 μm). During recrystallisation, the LAGBs to high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) transition occurs and many fine grain clusters appear at the grain boundaries, resulting in subcrystalline nucleation based on subcrystals and an increase in UTS.
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| 13. |
- Yang, Xianzhong, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmon-exciton coupling of monolayer MoS2-Ag nanoparticles hybrids for surface catalytic reaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 5, s. 72-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/Ag nanoparticle (NP) hybrids and their application to surface catalytic reactions were studied by transmission, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopies. The local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanoparticles was tuned to better match the exciton energy of monolayer MoS2. The PL of the hybrids was enhanced by more than 50 times when the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak was tuned systematically from 438 nm to 532 nm, indicating a stronger coupling and higher energy transfer rate between the plasmon of the Ag NPs and the excitons of the MoS2. Additionally, photocatalytic reactions of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4NBT) were performed on the MoS2, the Ag nanoparticles, and the hybrid MoS2 with Ag nanoparticles. On the MoS2 substrate alone, there is no photocatalytic reaction. With a low laser intensity, the probability of a chemical reaction occurring for molecules directly adsorbed onto the Ag NPs is much lower than the probability of a reaction involving those molecules adsorbed onto the MoS2/Ag substrate. At a higher power, although the electric field was reduced by approximately 30% by the MoS2 layer, there is better efficiency for the plasmon-exciton co-driven surface catalytic reactions on the MoS2/Ag substrate compared to the Ag substrate alone. Our findings illustrate the potential to control hot carriers for better surface catalytic reactions by tuning the exciton-plasmon coupling between the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and Ag NPs.
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| 14. |
- Yi, Fan, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Fully Conjugated Dimerized Giant Acceptors with Different Alkyl-Linked Sites for Stable and 19.13 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
- 2024
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is a major challenge for the practical development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three non-fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors (named 2Y-sites, including wing-site-linked 2Y-wing, core-site-linked 2Y-core, and end-site-linked 2Y-end) are developed. They share the similar monomer precursors but have different alkyl-linked sites, offering the fine-tuned molecular absorption, packing, glass transition temperature, and carrier mobility. Among their binary active layers, D18/2Y-wing has better miscibility, leading to optimized morphology and more efficient charge transfer compared to D18/2Y-core and D18/2Y-end. Therefore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs achieve a superior PCE of 17.73 %, attributed to enhanced photocurrent and fill factor. Furthermore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs exhibit a balance of high PCE and improved stability, distinguishing them within the 2Y-sites. Building on the success of 2Y-wing in binary systems, we extend its application to ternary OSCs by pairing it with the near-infrared absorbing D18/BS3TSe-4F host. Thanks to the complementary absorption within 300-970 nm and further optimized morphology, ternary OSCs obtain a higher PCE of 19.13 %, setting a new efficiency benchmark for the dimer-derived OSCs. This approach of alkyl-linked site engineering for constructing dimerized giant acceptors presents a promising pathway to improve both PCE and stability of OSCs. Three new non-fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors with different alkyl-linked sites are developed. Among them, wing-sited 2Y-wing has fine-tuned packing and better miscibility with donor, allowing to 19.13 % efficiency (which is the highest value among the devices with giant acceptors) and highly stable organic solar cells. image
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| 15. |
- Yuan, Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal comfort in hospital buildings - A literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 45
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hospital buildings are required to secure a variety of indoor environments according to the diverse requirements of patients and staff. Among these requirements, thermal comfort is an important design criterion for indoor environmental quality that affects patients' healing processes and the wellbeing of medical staff. The patients' thermal comfort is given priority due to their medical conditions and impaired immune systems. Thermal comfort and related contexts have been well-covered in many research articles; however, the number of review articles is limited. This article aims to conduct a holistic and critical review of existing studies offering insights on future research trends (180 articles were analyzed). The key research themes are identified using scientometric analysis. Focus is on influencing factors, field-surveys, improving measures and energy saving related to thermal comfort. The primary outcome concludes that ventilation systems play a key role in maintaining acceptable, thermally-comfortable conditions for patients and medical staff. It is also found that acceptable thermal comfort is highly case-dependent and varies substantially based on the health condition of the patient as well as the type and level of staff activities. The measures currently mentioned to minimize energy consumption are also discussed. Some interesting issues, including the inaccuracy arising from the use of predicted mean vote (PMV) and the impact of gender, age, and related factors on thermal comfort, have been noted. This review provides insights into the design and assessment of hospital thermal environments.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Guangyu, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of colloidal suspensions of discrete TS-1 crystals
- 1997
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 9:1, s. 210-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable colloidal suspensions containing discrete TS-1 crystals with average crystal sizes less than 100 nm and with a narrow particle size distribution have been synthesized from clear homogeneous solutions. The products were characterized with respect to crystallinity, crystal size and size distribution, Ti incorporation, specific surface areas, the nature of the Ti species in the products, and the colloidal crystals surface electric charge. The influence of several parameters including synthesis mixture composition and crystallization temperature on crystal size and Ti incorporation were investigated. The synthesis of colloidal crystals with an average size less than 100 nm is favored by low crystallization temperatures (100°C), a highly basic environment, concentrated mixtures, and low Ti contents in the synthesis solutions. The maximum incorporation of tetrahedrally coordinated Ti was 0.84 mol %. High crystallization temperatures (>100°C) favor products with a low Si/Ti molar ratio, but larger crystals are formed, >100 nm, and octahedrally coordinated Ti and extra-framework Ti are detected. A preliminary investigation of the clear hydrolyzed precursor solution and its freeze-dried amorphous equivalent showed that small particles with an average size of 4.8 nm exist in the solution and a certain degree of ordering resembling the MFI structure was present in the precursor particles
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| 17. |
- Zhao, Guangyu, et al.
(författare)
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Mercury as a Geophysical Tracer Gas - Emissions from the Emperor Qin Tomb in Xi´an Studied by Laser Radar
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury is, because of its high vapor pressure and its prevalence in the atmosphere as atoms, an interesting geophysical tracer gas, also with potential archaeological applications. According to historical records dating back 2200 years, the mausoleum chamber of the “Terracotta Army Emperor” Qin in Xi´an, China, contains large amounts of liquid mercury, considered as an elixir of life at the time. We here report on measurements of the atmospheric contents of atomic mercury above the tomb mound performed with a mobile differential absorption lidar (light detection and ranging) system. Our measurements, which were performed from three different locations around the mound, indeed indicate elevated atmospheric mercury levels, with localizations, which correlate with previous in situ soil sampling results. Concentrations up to 27 ng/m3 were observed, significantly higher than the typical general pollutant level in the area which was found to be around 5–10 ng/m3. An out-flux of about 5×10−8 kg/s was estimated. Highly volatile mercury may be escaping through cracks, which developed in the structure over time, and our investigation supports ancient chronicle records on the tomb, which is believed never to have been opened/looted. Our findings also have bearings on the proposed use of mercury as a tracer gas for valuable ores and geothermal resource exploration, and also bring problematics around reliable nuclear waste long-term underground storage to mind.
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| 18. |
- Zhu, Guangyu, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of wear and corrosion resistances of laser cladding TaC/TiC/Stellite X-40 Co-based composite coatings on copper surface
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-5557 .- 1066-7857. ; 37:9, s. 980-991
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TaC/TiC/Stellite X-40 Co-based composite coatings with different contents were successfully cladded on a Cr-Zr-Cu alloy substrate. The microstructure, wear and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscope (OM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), sliding wear test, as well as corrosion test in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that Ta and Ti atoms easily form Co3Ta and Co3Ti hard phases with Co to increasing the hardness of the coating. Compared with the substrate, the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and hardness of the composite coatings were significantly improved. The wear resistance of the 20 wt. % TaC and 10 wt. % TiC composite coatings were better than that of the substrate. When the TaC content was 20 wt. % and the TiC content was 15 wt. %, the coating with excellent corrosion resistance (-0.153V).
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| 19. |
- Zhu, Shiming, et al.
(författare)
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Insect remote sensing using a polarization sensitive cw lidar system in Chinese rice fields
- 2018
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2101-6275 .- 2100-014X. ; 176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A joint Chinese-Swedish field campaign of Scheimpflug continuous-wave lidar monitoring of rice-field flying pest insects was pursued in very hot July weather conditions close to Guangzhou, China. The occurrence of insects, birds and bats with almost 200 hours of round-the-clock polarization-sensitive recordings was studied. Wing-beat frequency recordings and depolarization properties were used for target classification. Influence of weather conditions on the flying fauna was also investigated.
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