| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Strömberg, Helena, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
A future without drivers? Comparing users', urban planners' and developers' assumptions, hopes, and concerns about autonomous vehicles
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study identifies and compares perceptions of autonomous vehicle (AV) implementation among three Swedish stakeholder groups: Future Users, Urban Planners, and Developers. Method: Semi-structured comparative focus groups were conducted separately with each of the three groups of stakeholders and the transcripts were analysed in broad themes using thematic analysis. Results: Assumptions, hopes, concerns, and direction of development were the main themes that emerged from the analysis. Assumptions included electrification of vehicles, changes in travel demand, and the need for regulations; Hopes included the idea that AVs will contribute to a more accessible and safer transport system; Concerns included overtrust in AV technology, a possible detrimental impact on the city in the form of congestion and higher demand for investments in infrastructure that could outcompete other modes of transport; and Direction of development and their own role, where the need for collaboration between stakeholders and implementation of AVs in connection with society’s needs were emphasised. Conclusions: AVs were seen to lead to both positive and negative consequences depending on implementation and the development of society. The study shows that dialogue between different stakeholders is lacking but it is desired for the inclusive implementation of AVs.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Ledarskapskompetens : Ledarskapskompetens - leda, lära och utveckla
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kan vem som helst bli ledare? Kan den som redan är ledare bli en bättre ledare? Det finns inte några enkla svar på dessa frågor. Utgångspunkten i den här boken är emellertid att förmågan att leda inte är något medfött utan något man lär sig genom att utveckla och förfina en uppsättning mer eller mindre nödvändiga kompetenser. Detta är också grunden i ett kompetensperspektiv på ledarskap. I boken presenterar författaren ett antal kompetenser som har betydelse för ledarskap, som till exempel kommunikationskompetens och relationskompetens. Sammantaget handlar dessa kompetenser om att förstå sig själv, sina medarbetare och sin verksamhet i ett större sammanhang. Boken är indelad i fyra delar. Del 1 lägger grunden för den ledarskapsmodell som boken är uppbyggd kring. Del 2 och 3 ger en fördjupad beskrivning av de olika kompetenser som utgör modellens huvud- och bikomponenter. I del 4 presenteras jämförelser med andra ledarskapsteorier samt konkreta exempel på hur modellen kan tillämpas i olika verksamheter och situationer. Boken riktar sig till blivande och verksamma ledare. Syftet är att ge läsaren dels en djupare förståelse för vad det innebär att vara ledare, dels hjälp i att utöva ledarskapet.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jensen, Mikael, Dr, 1969-
(författare)
-
Ledarskapskompetens - leda, lära och utveckla
- 2022. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ledarskapskompetens - leda, lära och utveckla - övrigt, Svenska, 2022Författare: Mikael JensenVälj antal 426kr Spara till önskelista Skickas inom 1-3 vardagar Kan vem som helst bli ledare? Kan den som redan är ledare bli en bättre ledare? Det finns inte några enkla svar på dessa frågor. Utgångspunkten i den här boken är emellertid att förmågan att leda inte är något medfött utan något man lär sig genom att utveckla och förfina en uppsättning mer eller mindre nödvändiga kompetenser. Detta är också grunden i ett kompetensperspektiv på ledarskap.I boken presenterar författaren ett antal kompetenser som har betydelse för ledarskap, som till exempel kommunikationskompetens och relationskompetens. Sammantaget handlar dessa kompetenser om att förstå sig själv, sina medarbetare och sin verksamhet i ett större sammanhang.Boken är indelad i fyra delar. Del 1 lägger grunden för den ledarskapsmodell som boken är uppbyggd kring. Del 2 och 3 ger en fördjupad beskrivning av de olika kompetenser som utgör modellens huvud- och bikomponenter. I del 4 presenteras jämförelser med andra ledarskapsteorier samt konkreta exempel på hur modellen kan tillämpas i olika verksamheter och situationer.Boken riktar sig till blivande och verksamma ledare. Syftet är att ge läsaren dels en djupare förståelse för vad det innebär att vara ledare, dels hjälp i att utöva ledarskapet.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Hägerhäll, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Human physiological benefits of viewing nature: EEG responses to exact and statistical fractal patterns.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences. - 1090-0578. ; 19:1, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological and physiological benefits of viewing nature have been extensively studied for some time. More recently it has been suggested that some of these positive effects can be explained by nature's fractal properties. Virtually all studies on human responses to fractals have used stimuli that represent the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature, i.e. statistical fractals, as opposed to fractal patterns which repeat exactly at different scales. This raises the question of whether human responses like preference and relaxation are being driven by fractal geometry in general or by the specific form of fractal geometry found in nature. In this study we consider both types of fractals (statistical and exact) and morph one type into the other. Based on the Koch curve, nine visual stimuli were produced in which curves of three different fractal dimensions evolve gradually from an exact to a statistical fractal. The patterns were shown for one minute each to thirty-five subjects while qEEG was continuously recorded. The results showed that the responses to statistical and exact fractals differ, and that the natural form of the fractal is important for inducing alpha responses, an indicator of a wakefully relaxed state and internalized attention.
|
|
| 8. |
- Martins Silva Ramos, Érika, 1991, et al.
(författare)
-
An empirical investigation of attitudes towards daily commuting transportation: the impacts of travel satisfaction, driving habits and social desirability.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The 29th International Congress of Applied Psychology, June 26-30, Montréal, Canada.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background/Rational Every day people decide how to travel to their out-of-home activities. What is important for them when choosing the mode of transportation? Are those things predictors of attitudes towards modes of transportation along with driving habits and satisfaction with daily travel? Does being more or less satisfied affect people’s attitudes? Method A survey was mailed to a sample of 3,000 Swedish residents in rural, semi-rural and urban areas. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: driving habits, satisfaction, important aspects when choosing mode of daily commuting and socio-demographics measurements. Results Factor analysis was conducted regarding “satisfaction with daily commuting”, “important aspects for mode choice of commuting” and “driving habits” (KMO = .74; .76; 79, respectively). The retained factors were used in multiple regressions analyses as predictors of attitudes towards car, public transport and bike (R2 = .32; .11; .16, respectively). Conclusions “Driving habits” was the main predictor for attitudes towards car while “socially desirable aspects” was the most important factor to predict attitudes towards public transport and bike. Living in big cities negatively affected attitudes toward car and satisfaction with daily commuting was a minor predictor for all modes of transportation. Action/Impact Attitudes towards modes of commuting are predicted by people’s habits and what they value as important when commuting. Knowing what they value when choosing modes of transportation gives support to implement accurate and effective interventions, policies and new services that promote sustainability in transportation.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Viktorelius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy efficiency at sea : An activity theoretical perspective on operational energy efficiency in maritime transport
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 52, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mitigation of emission from shipping will require improvements in energy efficiency. In order to achieve this, sociotechnical changes are required, affecting all stakeholders within the shipping sector. Ship crews and their everyday work practices will play an especially important role in the transformation of the sector. It is therefore crucial to understand how new energy efficient technologies and practices are being introduced and enacted onboard ships. The case study reported in this paper investigates an attempt to improve the operational energy efficiency in a shipping company that was made by installing an energy monitoring system and introducing an energy saving policy onboard the ships in the fleet. The analytical framework in this paper is inspired by cultural-historical activity theory which is suggested as a novel and useful practice-based approach in energy studies. It is used in analyzing the contradictions and tensions in the work practices onboard the ships that preceded and followed the implementation of the energy monitoring system and energy saving policy. The empirical results revealed how the initial demand for operational energy efficiency and the subsequent introduction of the new monitoring system and policy gave rise to tensions in the existing activity systems onboard which crew members then tried, but did not always manage, to reconcile. It is concluded that a better understanding of the sociotechnical change processes, associated with organizational energy conservation and energy management, can be achieved if the situated paradoxes of practitioners’ everyday practices are examined.
|
|
| 11. |
- Jordan, Thomas, 1958
(författare)
-
Inner Development Goals: Background, method and the IDG framework
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is an account of the first phase of the Inner Development Goals (IDG) project. It explains the background and the method of the project, and presents the 23 skills and qualities we have identified. The IDG framework of skills and qualities relate to what is needed in order to successfully work with complex societal issues, in particular those identified in UN's Agenda 2030 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
|
|
| 12. |
- Smith, Göran, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Adopting Mobility-as-a-Service: An empirical analysis of end-users' experiences
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Travel Behaviour and Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-367X .- 2214-3688. ; 28, s. 237-248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite widespread interest, empirical research on how end-users perceive and use Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) is scarce. To address this knowledge gap, this paper analyzes the end-user process of adopting a MaaS service entitled EC2B, which was launched in Gothenburg (Sweden) in the spring of 2019. The contribution to the MaaS literature is three-fold. Firstly, the paper provides insight into potential user segments by describing the characteristics and motives of the studied pool of adopters. Secondly, it improves the understanding of the potential effects of MaaS by outlining how the EC2B service was used and how it influenced travel behavior. Thirdly, the paper informs strategies for facilitating MaaS adoption by outlining what types of drivers and barriers the end-users faced during different stages of the adoption process. The reported findings underscore previous assertions that MaaS is much more than just an app and a subscription plan and highlight the mutually reinforcing relationship between the introduction of MaaS and the implementation of policies aimed at reducing car use.
|
|
| 13. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Kommunikation i klassrummet
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kommunikation är centralt i nästan alla mänskliga aktiviteter. I klassrummen är kommunikation en nödvändighet för att skapa ett positivt fysiskt och socialt klimat som grund för samspel och lärande. Det är dock möjligt att kommunicera på många olika sätt och forskningen, framför allt den internationella, kan nu visa vilka sätt att kommunicera som ger bäst resultat. Trots att kommunikation är så centralt i undervisning har ytterst få böcker på svenska tagit ett helhetsgrepp om detta intressanta och viktiga ämne. Boken behandlar bl.a.: • kommunikationsmönster i klassrummet • känslors betydelse för kommunikation och lärande • gruppkommunikation och lärande • multimodal kommunikation i klassrummet • hur frågor används på ett optimalt sätt • hur tydlighet och visualisering fungerar som hjälpmedel. Boken vänder sig till blivande och verksamma lärare inom grund- och gymnasieskolan samt andra yrkesgrupper med intresse för kommunikation och lärande inom utbildning.
|
|
| 14. |
- Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory Stimulation and Oxytocin : Their Roles in Social Interaction and Health Promotion
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this call was to collect papers describing how oxytocin may be released by different kinds of sensory stimulation to induce wellbeing and restorative processes and to inhibit pain, stress and inflammation. A large number of interesting articles of very high quality were received and 19 papers were accepted for publication. All the included articles have contributed to expand the knowledge about oxytocin in a very substantial way both regarding its effect spectrum and regarding its association with sensory, somatosensory stimulation, in particular. In fact, the obtained data contribute to prove the hypothesis that the oxytocinergic system is a widespread integrative system, which is linked to social interaction, wellbeing, reduction of stress and pain as well as to reproductive, growth promoting and restorative effects. The activity of this archaic oxytocin system is under control of hormones and sensory nerves, which convey information regarding the state of the internal and the external environment. The oxytocin linked effects may be induced in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective. All of the articles which were accepted and included in this issue, in their own unique way, contribute to describe oxytocin beyond its classical role in birth and milk ejection in accordance with the concept described above. We describe and discuss the data after having categorized the results presented in the articles according to certain subjects.
|
|
| 15. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
-
Review and assessment of self-reports of travel-related emotional wellbeing
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Travel behavior research has only started to address how travel affects emotional wellbeing. The development of measurement methods is an important goal of this research.Methods: A review and assessment of methods of measuring travel-related emotional wellbeing is presented guided by a conceptual framework specifying what is measured (cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, or moods), the way it is measured (proactively, instantaneously, or retrospectively), and when it is measured (before, during, or after travel). Anticipated, current, residual and recalled moods are the objects of the measurement. Only studies of commuting or other types of daily travel are addressed.Results: We find that no research has measured anticipated moods, some research has measured current moods before, after and during travel, and most research has measured recalled moods.Conclusions: The most valid and reliable method is to measure current mood instantaneously at several points in time, before, during, and after travel. A measure of emotional wellbeing can then be obtained by objective aggregation. An approximate more feasible method is to retrospectively measure recalled moods for a given specified time period that may not only include travel. The available methods for measuring recalled moods have acceptable psychometric properties but research is needed to validate these methods by comparing the results to an objective aggregation of instantaneous measures of current mood at different points in time.
|
|
| 16. |
- Lilja, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
-
Observing as an Essential Facet of Mindfulness : A Comparison of FFMQ Patterns in Meditating and Non-Meditating Individuals
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Mindfulness. - : Springer. - 1868-8527 .- 1868-8535. ; 4:3, s. 203-212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most comprehensive measures of mindfulness is the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) with five factors-Observing, Describing, Acting with awareness, Non-judging, and Non-reactivity. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses, however, have suggested that only four of the FFMQ factors (i.e. all except Observing) were components of "an overall mindfulness construct"-which is puzzling because Observing represents a core aspect of all definitions of mindfulness. The purpose of the present study was to approach this problem by a person-oriented approach, focusing on patterns on the FFMQ scales, rather than linear associations between them. Data on the FFMQ were collected on 817 individuals. Cluster analysis according to the LICUR procedure was used to group these participants in 13 clusters, according to their profiles of scores on the five FFMQ scales. Of the participants, 325 were categorized as meditators and 317 as non-meditators. To test hypotheses about the relation between Observing and mindfulness (which we assumed should be higher among meditators), the meditators/non-meditators categorization was cross-tabulated with the FFMQ clusters. The results showed that all clusters in which meditators were over-represented had high scores on Observing, and all clusters in which meditators were under-represented had low scores on Observing-which supports the hypothesis that mindfulness is related to high levels of Observing. The relationship between Observing and Non-judging, however, was found to be more complex than expected. The results are discussed in terms of mindfulness seen as a multidimensional skill, which may develop differently in various subgroups of individuals.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Petersson Troije, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Outdoor Office Work : An Interactive Research Project Showing the Way Out
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physical boundaries of office work have become increasingly flexible. Work is conducted at multiple locations outside the office, such as at clients' premises, at home, in cafés, or when traveling. However, the boundary between indoor and outdoor environment seems to be strong and normative regarding how office work is performed. The aim of this study was to explore how office work may be conducted outdoors, understanding how it is being experienced by office employees and identifying its contextual preconditions. Based on a two-year interactive research project, the study was conducted together with a Swedish municipality. Fifty-eight participants engaged in the collaborative learning process, including 40 half-day workshops and reflective group discussions, co-interviews, and participants' independent experimentation of bringing work activities outdoors. Data was collected via interviews, group discussions and a custom-made mobile application. The results showed that a wide range of work activities could be done outdoors, both individually and in collaboration with others. Outdoor work activities were associated with many positive experiences by contributing to a sense of well-being, recovery, autonomy, enhanced cognition, better communication, and social relations, but also with feelings of guilt and illegitimacy. Conditions of importance for outdoor office work to happen and function well were found in the physical environment, where proximity to urban greenspaces stood out as important, but also in the sociocultural and organizational domains. Of crucial importance was managers' attitudes, as well as the overall organizational culture on this idea of bringing office work outdoors. To conclude, if working life is to benefit from outdoor office work, leaders, urban planners and policymakers need to collaborate and show the way out.
|
|
| 21. |
- Agerström, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
The influence of temporal distance on justice and care morality
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 51, s. 46-55
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary goal of this study was to examine whether changes in the temporal distance of a moral dilemma affect how it is perceived and subsequently resolved. Based on Construal Level Theory (Trope & Liberman, 2003), it was predicted that the relative weight of abstract justice features should increase and the relative weight of concrete care features should decrease with temporal distance. The results showed that females became increasingly justice-oriented with greater temporal distance. However, this was not the case for males who were unaffected by temporal distance. This interaction was conceptually replicated in a follow-up experiment in which abstraction was manipulated directly by a mindset manipulation. The present results suggest that temporal distance is a contextual factor that can alter the extent to which moral judgments and reasoning are based on justice and care, although this effect seems to be moderated by gender.
|
|
| 22. |
- Ljung Aust, Mikael, 1973
(författare)
-
Developing Theoretical and Empirical Definitions of Safety Problems in Driving Suitable for Active Safety Function Evaluation
- 2009
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In passive safety, the requirement specifications used for evaluation of protective functions are both standardised and specified at a high level of detail regarding evaluation scenario definition, performance metrics and pass/fail criteria. For active safety, while several propositions for evaluation scenarios have been made, neither these, nor performance metrics and pass/fail criteria have yet reached a similar level of detail and standardisation. The objective of this thesis is to address two underlying reasons for this difference. One is theoretical in nature. On a general level, a set of principles and concepts which capture the fundamental ideas of a field of science can be called a conceptual framework. For active safety function evaluation, such a framework is currently lacking. To address this issue, a conceptual framework called Situational control was developed. The framework integrates fundamental ideas relevant for active safety function evaluation into a holistic and practically applicable picture. Its applicability was demonstrated by applying it in the context of writing and implementing requirement specifications for active safety function evaluation.The second reason is of empirical character. To evaluate the extent to which active safety functions prevent and/or mitigate crashes, it is essential to characterize the sequence of events which leads to collisions in a way which includes information on causal factors. To do this, data from official databases (macroscopic data), and in-depth case studies is often used. Macroscopic data is usually statistically representative but has limited information on why crashes happen, while the opposite is true of case studies. Using the two in combination would therefore seem ideal. However, the principles for connecting them are far from clear and current approaches suffer inherent weaknesses. To address this issue, a generalization methodology which links information in case studies to macroscopic crash types, in a way which covers not only context but also causation similarity, was developed. The feasibility of the methodology was tested through application on three sets of intersection crash data. Results indicate that the methodology was sufficiently successful to warrant further exploration with larger data sets.
|
|
| 23. |
- Sarwar, Farhan, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of communication with non-witnesses on eyewitnesses' recall correctness and meta-cognitive realism
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 25:5, s. 782-791
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In forensic contexts it is common that witnesses retell and discuss the experienced event many times. It is of forensic importance to understand how this influences memory and meta-memory. Eighty-nine participants viewed a short film and were assigned to one of four conditions: (1) Laboratory discussion (five discussions of the event with a confederate), (2) Family discussion (five discussions of the event with a family member), (3) Retell (five retellings of the event) and (4) Control. Three weeks later participants gave an open free recall, and then 3 days later confidence judged the recalled information. The results showed significant differences between the four conditions on number of correct items, incorrect items, accuracy, confidence and calibration. The results suggest that discussion of an experienced event may reduce some of the beneficial memory and meta-memory effects caused by mere retelling, but may have no great negative effects compared to a control condition.
|
|
| 24. |
- Schüler, Martin
(författare)
-
Säkerhet och taktik : militär säkerhetskunskap
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Kungl Krigsvetenskapsakademiens Handlingar och Tidskrift. - 0023-5369. ; :3, s. 171-174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article argues for a changed perspective on military tactics and safety. By seeing militarytactics as safety knowledge, a wider perspective can be applied to a military problem. Safety isin fact a military core capability impossible to exclude from any military operation. By ignoringsafety, one becomes susceptible to embedded safety flaws, increasing organizational hazards.This could cause mission failure and exposing military personnel to occupational safety risks.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Rylander, Pär, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
The specificity versus generality of ball-handling skills – Empirical evidence for a general ball-handling ability
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7646 .- 0167-9457. ; 66, s. 477-486
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate if ball-handling skills are specific and uncorrelated (i.e., motor specificity), or if they share an underlying ball-handling ability (i.e., motor generality). To empirically investigate this question, we had a sample of 201 adolescents perform 12 novel ball-handling tasks. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we showed that a model based on the assumptions of the generality perspective was superior to a model based on assumptions of specificity. The general ball-handling factor did significantly influence the performance on all 12 tasks, with factor loadings ranging between 0.39 and 0.79. The results and it's practical implications are discussed in relation to development of sport specific skills.
|
|
| 27. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Actor-Observer differences in realism in confidence and frequency judgments
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 117:3, s. 251-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taking a social psychological approach to metacognitive judgments, this study analyzed the difference in realism (validity) in confidence and frequency judgments (i.e., estimates of overall accuracy) between one’s own and another person’s answers to general knowledge questions. Experiment 1 showed that when judging their own answers, compared with another’s answers, the participants exhibited higher overconfidence, better ability to discriminate correct from incorrect answers, lower accuracy, and lower confidence. However, the overconfidence effect could be attributable to the lowest level of confidence. Furthermore, when heeding additional information about another’s answers the participants showed higher confidence and better discrimination ability. The overconfidence effect of Experiment 1 was not found in Experiment 2. However, the results of Experiment 2 were consistent with Experiment 1 in terms of discrimination ability, confidence, and accuracy. Finally, in both experiments the participants gave lower frequency judgments of their own overall accuracy compared with their frequency judgments of another person’s overall accuracy.
|
|
| 28. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgments : The effect of dyadic collaboration
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17:5, s. 545-561
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual–Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual–Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual–Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual–Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members’ had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Haas, Linda, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy is not enough : the influence of the gendered workplace on fathers' use of parental leave in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Community, Work and Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-8803 .- 1469-3615. ; 22:1, s. 58-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paid parental leave for fathers is a promising social policy tool for degendering the division of labor for childcare. Swedish fathers have had the right to paid parental leave since 1974, but they take only one-fourth of leave days parents take. There are strong cultural norms supporting involved fatherhood, so couples typically want to share leave more than they do. This article explores how workplaces can constrain Swedish fathers' use of state leave policy, in ways that fathers can take for granted, a topic that has received less attention than individual or family-related obstacles. Based on interviews with 56 employees in five large private companies, we found that masculine workplace norms can make it difficult for fathers to choose to take much leave, while aspects of traditional workplace structure building on these norms can negatively affect fathers' capabilities of taking much leave. Workplace culture and structure seemed to be based on assumptions that the ideal worker should prioritize work and has limited caregiving responsibilities, setting limits to fathers' ability to share leave with mothers. Gender theorists suggest such assumptions persist because of male dominance at the workplace and the endurance of gendered assumptions about the roles of men and women.
|
|
| 31. |
- Jarebrant, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a tool for integrating Value Stream Mapping and ergonomics in healthcare - A Nordic Multicenter study.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The 7th Nordic Working Life Conference. Book of Abstracts and Programme. - 9789198119558 ; , s. 123-124
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To present the most recent draft Nordic version of the ErgoVSM tool for healthcare and some contextual factors influencing the intended impact of the tool. Material and Methods: The ErgoVSM tool is tested at 7 wards on 4 different hospitals in Denmark, Iceland and Sweden. The tests include assessment of tool usability and main factors facilitating or inhibiting the intended impact of the tool. On the basis of these trials a final version of the ErgoVSM is developed. The ErgoVSM tool: According to common VSM procedure the Current State is mapped (visualized) followed by a similar procedure regarding a wanted Future State. The Ergo-module includes assessments of physical exposures (posture, forces, variation, porosity) and psychosocial exposures (demands, control, variation, communication, porosity). It focuses task as well as values stream level. The exposures are assessed by ratings scales with verbally defined end points. The analysis includes discussion of solutions and establishment of an Action Plan needed to realize the wanted Future State. Main contextual factors influencing the intended impact of the tool seem to be previous Lean experience, management style, volume of competing projects and type of value stream analysed.
|
|
| 32. |
- Gustafsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Hope and athlete burnout : Stress and affect as mediators
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Psychology of Sport And Exercise. - : Elsevier. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 14:5, s. 640-649
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveIn this study we examined the relationship between trait hope and burnout in elite junior soccer players and whether stress and positive and negative affect mediated this relationship.MethodsParticipants were 238 Swedish soccer players (166 males, 71 females; one did not indicate gender) aged 15–19 years who completed questionnaires measuring trait hope, perceived stress, positive and negative affect, and athlete burnout (i.e., emotional/physical exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation).ResultsBivariate correlations were consistent with hope theory contentions indicating significant negative relationships between hope and all three burnout dimensions. The relationship between hope and emotional/physical exhaustion was fully mediated by stress and positive affect. For sport devaluation and reduced sense of accomplishment, stress and positive affect partially mediated the relationship with hope. In contrast, negative affect did not mediate the relationship between hope and any of the burnout dimensions.ConclusionThe results support earlier findings that hope is negatively related to athlete burnout. Support was also found for the hypothesis that high hope individuals would experience less stress and therefore less burnout. Promoting hope may be relevant in reducing the likelihood of this detrimental syndrome.
|
|
| 33. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Bar study: Interview and show-up performance of alcohol-intoxicated eyewitnesses in the field.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at the Fifth Zoom Psychology and Law Symposium: Substance Use in Legal Arena.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Many witnesses are intoxicated at the time of the crime, but few studies have examined how higher doses of alcohol affect memory. This quasi-experimental study on alcohol-intoxicated witnesses’ event memory included mock witness participants recruited from bars that allowed for higher intoxication levels than lab-based studies. The present study also addressed another gap in the literature by examining the effects of alcohol on mock witnesses’ show-up identifications. Although the majority of studies on alcohol’s effect on eyewitness identification performance have examined lineup identification performance, a considerable number of real-world identifications remain show-ups (e.g., Hagsand et al., 2022). Method: Volunteer bar patrons (N = 68) first viewed a mock-crime video, were interviewed about the crime before being asked to identify the perpetrator either in a target-present or target-absent show-up. Breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) was measured with a portable breathalyzer and ranged from 0.00-0.15%. For data analysis, level of intoxication was collapsed into low (BrAC 0.00 - 0.04%), moderate (BrAC = 0.05 - 0.10%) and high intoxication (BrAC = 0.11 - 0.15%). Result: Analyses revealed that BrAC had a significant effect on accuracy of recalled details (p = .02). Specifically, the high intoxication group was significantly less accurate when reporting (M = 87%, SD = 0.07) than the low intoxication group (M = 92%, SD = 0.05) and the moderate intoxication group (M = 93%, SD = 0.06). No effect of intoxication level was found on the quantity of information witnesses reported. Show-up data were analyzed using a logistic regression with BrAC and show-up condition (target-present vs. target-absent) as predictors and identification accuracy as outcome variables. Neither BrAC level (p = .90) nor the interaction (p = .67) between predictors had a significant influence on identification accuracy. Conclusions: In line with several prior studies, our study suggests that face recognition appears to be unaffected by alcohol-intoxication, even at high intoxication levels in a single person show-up which is more suggestive than a traditional lineup. Our findings that alcohol intoxication affects witness accuracy but not witness quantity are only partially aligned with prior research and will be discussed in light of effect size and stimulus material developed for this study.
|
|
| 34. |
- Svensson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vocal emotional expressions : Proxies for decision making in emergency calls?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: <em>Individual Sources, Dynamics, and Expressions of Emotion (Research on Emotion in Organizations</em>. - Helsinki : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ; , s. 227-248
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on whether perceived emotional intensity and help need is possible to discriminate in expressions of fear and neutrality in brief authentic emergency calls. Extraction of acoustic parameters of fear and neutrality was done prior to letting participants listen to a low-pass-filtered stimuli set. Participants discriminated fear and neutrality in both the intensity and help need condition. In turn, judged intensity and judged help need correlated strongly, with partial correlations indicating that participants use acoustically measured intensity (mean dB) as information to infer the intensity/help need relationship. We also discuss the implications of emotional expression in the call centre domain.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Johansson Hanse, Jan, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of work organisation indices as predictors of job satisfaction among forest machine operators.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th annual congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to construct indices for work organisation with relation to job satisfaction. The study was carried out in six European countries based on a questionnaire survey (N=358). Factor analysis of the work organisation variables resulted in a five-factor structure. A multiple regression analysis resulted in a significant model (multiple R=0,50) with job satisfaction as dependent variable.
|
|
| 40. |
- Kadefors, Roland, 1939, et al.
(författare)
-
Attitudes Among Male and Female University Professors, and other Categories of University Employees, to Working up to and Beyond Normal Retirement Age
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 2245-0157. ; 6:1, s. 133-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study was undertaken in order to identify variables predicting the willingness of male and female university professors, and other employment categories, to work up to and beyond normal retirement age (65 years). Employees were asked by means of a questionnaire about their willingness to continue working to age 67, or to age 70, if they were given the chance. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was carried out (N=3019; 59.8 % women and 40.2 % men). The interest to continue working into old age was significantly higher in men than in women p<0.01). Among independent variables, age, position and work satisfaction predicted women’s as well as men’s interest to work to age 67 and 70, whereas among women also perceived health predicted the willingness to work to age 67. Professors and lecturers were the categories showing the highest interest to work to age 70, compared to administrative and technical personnel; men showed significantly higher interest than women among lecturers and administrative personnel. The study emphasizes the effects of position and gender on willingness to continue working into old age, but identifies in addition also work satisfaction and age as significant predictors.
|
|
| 41. |
- Schüler, Martin
(författare)
-
Planning for Safety when Preparing for War : Competition Brings Out the Wickedness of the Military
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 27th ICCRTS Proceedings. - : International Command and Control Institute. ; , s. 1-16, s. 1-16
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigates how two-sided military exercises affect learning and participating personnel's ability to perform tasks safely when confronted with an equally matched opponent. Data were collected from two separate events the Northern Wind 2019 Final Planning Conference and the Northern Wind 2019 exercise using participatory observations and shadowing. The outline of the critical incident technique was used as a guide when designing the data collection and the activity theory framework was used for coding and analyzing the data. The results indicate that a driven desire to win two-sided military exercises can create unsafe work practices by performing work tasks without regard for occupational-, electrical- or fire safety. The results also indicate a need for reshaping the conception of a two-sided military exercise by treating the exercise as a learning opportunity and recognizing the impact of the participating unit on each other’s learning. The study is based on the results of one army exercise and requires further research to understand the activities that take place and how they affect learning and safety. However, it gives some insight into the learning problems occurring during military field exercises.
|
|
| 42. |
- Viktorelius, Martin
(författare)
-
The Human and Social Dimension of Energy Efficient Ship Operation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Trends and Challenges in Maritime Energy Management. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319745756 - 9783319745763 ; , s. 341-350
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The human and social dimension of energy efficient ship operation has been recognized as crucial for the mitigation of emissions from ships. The success of future energy management in the maritime sector is, therefore, likely to depend on operators’, managers’ and policymakers’ understanding of how to address the human and social dimension. However, few studies have investigated the nature of the knowledge, skill and expertise required for efficient voyage execution. The paper is based on a qualitative case study identifying and analysing a number of themes related to the acquisition and development of the capability and competence relevant for energy efficient ship handling. The paper argues for the importance of acknowledging collective tacit knowledge and the socio-material context in which such knowledge is developed. It is argued that this perspective can contribute to widening the debate on policy and management of maritime energy efficiency.
|
|
| 43. |
- Wallgren, Lars Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
The Motivation of Information Technology Consultants: The Struggle With Social Dimensions and Identity
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries. ; 21:6, s. 555-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasingly, customer companies hire external information technology (IT) consultants, often on a special project basis. These consultants are employees of professional service firms, although they receive their assignments fromthe hiring companies, report to them, and are supervised by them. Using semistructured interviewswith 12 IT consultants in Sweden,we examine the factors that influence their work motivation, including the effect of this dual allegiance—to the service firm and to the customer company. The data indicate that the primary motivators are the variety in tasks and the opportunity to influence and/or manage an entire project. Neither monetary incentives nor the consultancy firm norms are strong motivators. A factor that affects work behavior and motivation is the subordinate identity that IT consultants must assume with their powerful clients. The article concludes with practical suggestions for managers who seek to understand what motivates employees who work at a distance, under external control.
|
|
| 44. |
- Roos, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Traits and Transports : The Effects of Personality on the Choice of Urban Transport Modes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the influence of personality on car driving, usage of public transport and cycling. Personality is measured through the Big Five personality traits (i.e., Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) and Environmental personality. Data were collected through a Web-based panel of adult citizen in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden (N = 1068). Age, gender, income, children at home and residential area were used as control variables. Car driving is influenced by low degree of Openness, high degree of Conscientiousness, and low degree of Environmental personality. Usage of public transport is influenced by low degree of Conscientiousness, high degree of Agreeableness, and high degree of Environmental personality. Cycling is foremost influenced by a high degree of Environmental personality.
|
|
| 45. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Hjärnan lär sig att sluta härmas
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Forskning och Framsteg. - : Stiftelsen Forskning och Framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; 44:7, s. 18-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Människans tanke- och handlingsförmåga är unik. Men det är också hennes förmåga att avstå från vissa tankar och handlingar.
|
|
| 46. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban space for children on the move
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Transport and Children’s Wellbeing. - 9780128146958 - 9780128146941 ; , s. 217-235
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban landscapes, structures and design features are associated with travel mode choice and have implications for sustainable living environments. The particular role of the built environment for children’s independent active mobility has received increasing attention in research and practice. However, the complexity of the transactions between person and environment needs to be understood with special focus on children’s use and experiences of the outdoor spaces in a neighborhood. This chapter discusses children’s independent active mobility as an ongoing transaction with the surrounding environment, continuously shifting between transport and play. The chapter synthesizes research on children’s outdoor play and active travel from the fields of environmental psychology, urban planning and landscape architecture. Four theoretical concepts compatible with a comprehensive understanding of children’s mobility in urban open spaces are presented: place attachment, affordances, wayfinding and prospect-refuge. The concepts are elaborated from a child perspective to highlight dimensions in the planning, design and management of outdoor spaces that can support children’s independent active mobility.
|
|
| 47. |
- Ahmad Termida, Nursitihazlin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Subjective Factors Influencing Individual's Response to a New Public Transport Service
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The timing and nature of people’s responses can be expected to vary when a new element enter their environment. For example, when an individual is provided with a new or modified transport service. This time-scale of behavioural responses will affect the patronage of, and short- and long-term demands on the new service over time. Understanding the underlying factors that influence an individual’s response over time to a new or modified transport service would enable us to identify trigger factors that make the new service attractive from an individual’s point of view. Chatterjee (2001) and Douglas (2003) argued that motives other than instrumental factors related to public transport use, such as attitudes, awareness, travel habits and learning processes, can influence individual responses over time to changes in the travel environment. Unfortunately, despite their importance, there have been few studies that examined this argument empirically. To address this research gap, this paper aims to investigate the influences of subjective factors on individuals’ responses to the introduction of a modified public transport (PT) service over time by proposing and testing an alternative model that modifies the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model framework. This paper also aims to investigate the behavioural change in terms of attitudes and perceptions on individuals’ resources and constraints in using a modified PT service over time after its introduction. The case study involves the new extension of a tram line connecting the suburbs of Alvik and Solna Centrum in Stockholm, Sweden. Four waves of a panel survey were conducted with 96 individuals who lived along the new service, from just before the new service was introduced and until seven months after its introduction. A structural equation modelling technique was used to estimate the relationships between behavioural constructs and panel data, then incorporate them into a discrete choice model. The results show that intention influences individual’s quick-response choice. The panel analysis shows that past behaviour in using the new service influenced current behaviour, and that perceived walking distance in using the service consistently influenced the frequency of using the new service over time.
|
|
| 48. |
- Ahmad Termida, Nursitihazlin, 1981-
(författare)
-
Understanding Individuals' Learning and Decision Processes in a Changing Environment by Using Panel Data
- 2017
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When a new transport service is introduced, people have to learn and familiarize themselves with the new service before they decide to adopt it. These processes are developed over time, thus produce dynamics in individuals’ behavioural responses towards the service. This affects the demand of the new service, thus affect revenues. Available studies have examined the factors influencing these responses from microeconomic perspectives. The influence of the theory-based subjective factors has not been examined empirically. Understanding these would assist transport and urban planners to design a better marketing strategy to increase the market share of the new service. A change in seasons affect individuals’ activity-travel decisions, thus produce dynamics in activitytravel patterns in different seasons. Individuals’ constraints, in a form of mandatory activities (working/studying), are influencing individuals’ decisions to participate in day-to-day nonmandatory activities (leisure and routine activities). The interdependency between travel demand, time allocation and mode choice that considers interactions between mandatory and non-mandatory activities, in different seasons is less explored. Understanding these would assist transport planners and operators to manage travel demand strategies across different seasons of the year and provide better transportation systems for all individuals. This thesis includes five papers. Paper I explores individuals’ characteristics of the quick-response and the adopters of the new public transport (PT) service and examines the temporal effects. Paper II investigates the subjective factors influencing a quick-response to the new PT service by proposing a modified attitude-behaviour framework. Paper III and IV analyse the effects of seasonal variations and individuals’ constraints on their day-to-day activity-travel decisions and patterns. Paper V analyses the attrition and fatigue in the two-week travel diary panel survey instrument.
|
|
| 49. |
- Broth, Mathias, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Showing where you're going : Instructing the accountable use of the indicator in live traffic
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0802-6106 .- 1473-4192. ; 28, s. 248-264
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes an interest in how students at a driving school areinstructed how to make the car's behaviour intelligible (accountable)to other road users in traffic. Taking the indicator as an example,the analytic focus is on the ways in which the indicator'srelevance is instructed and its timely activation practiced, andhow activating the indicator is instructed as part of moreencompassing turning procedures. The indicator is one of the centralresources built into cars for displaying to others a driver'sintention about where to go next. Although indicating does not,in itself, affect the movement of the car, activating the indicatoris crucial for allowing others to anticipate a car's movement inspace, and coordinate themselves with it. The analysis showshow instructors manage trainee drivers' instructed actions duringdriving by providing descriptions of what using the indicatoraccomplishes before a directive to turn (a), after a directive to turn(b), and as accounts for initiating correction of trainee driver carcontrol activity (c).
|
|
| 50. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(författare)
-
Ledarskapskommunikation : kommunikationskompetens för att leda individer, grupper och organisationer
- 2024
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intresset för ledarskapskommunikation har ökat stadigt de senaste decennierna. I denna bok tas ett omfattande grepp om fältet som korsar ledarskapsforskning och kommunikationsforskning. Vissa skulle säga att ledarskap är kommunikation. Nyckelfrågan blir då hur man kommunicerar för att lyckas i sitt ledarskap. Boken består av två delar. Den första delen handlar om vad ledarskapskommunikation är och beskriver den på tre olika nivåer: den interpersonella nivån, gruppnivån och organisationsnivån. Dessa nivåer hänger delvis samman, samtidigt som både kommunikationen och ledarskapet fungerar på specifika sätt på respektive nivå. Den andra delen handlar om kommunikationskompetens och ledarskap. Kärnbudskapet är att ledare förväntas vara mer kompetenta som kommunikatörer än vad som förväntas av följare och det framgår också att ledare behöver en särskild uppsättning kommunikationskompetenser. Dessa kompetenser beskrivs ingående i bokens andra del. Sammantaget målas en bild upp av kompetent ledarskapskommunikation och dess beståndsdelar.
|
|
