| 1. |
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Unraveling the logics of landscape
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite conceptual oscillations through times, the concept of landscape remains highly subjective, whereupon unraveling its 'logics' opens up to a plurality of interpretations. Accordingly, by focusing on the interconnections present in the non-haphazard production of landscape, this publication elaborates on how the rural landscape is valued, monitored, changed, harbored, used and misused, be it through actions, representations or metaphors. This book covers a broad range of topics, with contributions from scholars from more than 30 countries.
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| 2. |
- Johnsson, Anna-Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Specific SCAR markers and multiplex real-time PCR for quantification of two Trichoderma biocontrol strains in environmental samples
- 2011
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Ingår i: BioControl. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1386-6141 .- 1573-8248. ; 56, s. 903-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several strains from the genus Trichoderma (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) are commercially used as biocontrol agents, e.g. in formulations containing the two Trichoderma strains IMI206039 (Hypocrea parapilulifera B.S. Lu, Druzhinina & Samuels) and IMI206040 (T. atroviride P. Karst). To quantify the presence of the two isolates after application, we developed primers for SCAR markers (Sequence-Characterised Amplified Region). In order to quantify both fungal strains simultaneously, we also designed fluorophore-labelled probes distinguishing the two strains, to be used in combination with the SCAR primers. In incubations of two different soils, artificially inoculated and maintained under controlled conditions, the quantification through amplification with the SCAR markers in qPCR and through colony-forming units from plate counting correlated well. Further tests of the markers on samples taken from a golf green treated with a product containing both strains indicated that the two biocontrol strains did not establish, either on the golf green or in the surrounding area.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Von Rosen, Dietrich
(författare)
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Non-negative estimation of variance components in heteroscedastic one-way random-effects ANOVA models
- 2010
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Ingår i: Statistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0233-1888 .- 1029-4910. ; 44, s. 557-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a considerable amount of literature dealing with inference about the parameters in a heteroscedastic one-way random-effects ANOVA model. In this paper, we primarily address the problem of improved quadratic estimation of the random-effect variance component. It turns out that such estimators with a smaller mean squared error compared with some standard unbiased quadratic estimators exist under quite general conditions. Improved estimators of the error variance components are also established.
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| 5. |
- Skovsgaard, Jens Peter
(författare)
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Bog om tarmvridrøn
- 2013
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Ingår i: Skoven. - 0106-8539. ; 45, s. 551-551
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Book review N. Mayer & R.T. Klumpp (ed.) 2013: Elsbeere in Österreich – Monographie. Verein zur Erhaltung, Pflege und Vermarktung der Elsbeere - Genussregion Wiesenwienerwald Elsbeere, Michelbach.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Tunon, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturarv och hållbar utveckling
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift. - : Föreningen Bebyggelsehistorisk tidskrift. - 0349-2834 .- 2002-3812. ; , s. 99–106-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Messing, Ingmar
(författare)
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Land and land use : Natural preconditions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Agriculture and Forestry in Sweden since 1900- a cartographic description. - 9789187760617 ; , s. 14-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Messing, Ingmar
(författare)
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Marken i Sverige : Naturliga förutsättningar
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sveriges nationalatlas. Jordbruk och skogsbruk i Sverige sedan år 1900: en kartografisk beskrivning. - 9789187760594 ; , s. 14-22
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Mårtensson, Fredrika, et al.
(författare)
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The role of greenery for physical activity play at school grounds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 13:1, s. 103-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Greenery is assumed to promote physical activity at school grounds by facilitating open and flexible play situations that engage many children. The role of greenery for school ground activity was investigated at two schools, one of which contained a substantial amount of greenery and the other one little greenery. All in all 197 children from 4th (10-11 years) and 6th grade (12-13 years), were involved in a one week field study, documenting self-reported school ground use, their favourite places and favourite activities and counting their steps by pedometer. The most common school ground activities were related to the use of balls as part of different sports, games and other playful activity. The more extensive green areas belonged to children's favourite places, but were little used, whereas settings with a mix of green and built elements in proximity to buildings were well-used favourites. Physical activity in steps was similar at the two schools, but on average girls got less of the activity they need during recess. Greenery was found important by contributing to settings attractive to visit for girls as well as boys and for younger as well as older children, if located in ways that also supported peer interaction and various games. (C) 2013 Elsevier G'mbH. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Ode Sang, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Are path choices of people moving through urban green spaces explained by gender and age? Implications for planning and management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neighbourhood green space is an important asset for the urban population, providing valuable ecosystem services such as supporting human health. Distance or access to urban green areas is well established as being important for the potential use of the area but how different demographic groups move within greenspace is still somewhat unknown. Previous studies have shown that there are gender as well as age differences in visual perception, audio experience and recreational activities as well as estimated well-being experienced from use of urban green space. Here we explored people's movement within their local green space in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. The results showed that movement took place over large parts of the green spaces studied, not only along paths. The data further showed that the movement pattern differed significantly between men and women as well as between young adults and old adults. Movement patterns of demographic groups could provide support to planning for sustainable urban green areas, help avoid conflict, identify areas for solitude and ensure equal access for people of different gender and age.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Thulin, Carl-Gustaf
(författare)
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Utsättning av arter : möjlighet för bevarandebiologin
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 15, s. 8-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett halvöppet, lövträdsdominerat landskap med betande hjortdjur, visenter, förvildad nötboskap och vildsvin, jagade av livskraftiga populationer av varg, björn och lo. Utopier och vilda fantasier? Kanske i delar, men något håller definitivt på att hända med bevarandet, återskapandet och skötseln av de europeiska vildmarkerna
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| 19. |
- Norman, Johan
(författare)
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Skogen – en plats för upplevelser
- 2011
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Ingår i: Grön Entreprenör, Naturupplevelse och hälsa – forskningen visar vägen. - 9789157690364 ; , s. 62-75
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 20. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Nature-Based Therapeutic Interventions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forests, Trees and Human Health. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789048198054 ; , s. 309-342
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Messing, Ingmar, et al.
(författare)
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Bygg inte på kultur- och åkermark
- 2009
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Ingår i: Upsala nya tidning. - Uppsala. - 1104-0173. ; :2 maj, s. 4-
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Policy design for a multifunctional landscape
- 2010
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Ingår i: Regional Environmental Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-3798 .- 1436-378X. ; 10:4, s. 339-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscapes consisting of several elements, such as wetlands and forests, are multifunctional in nature and produce both market and non-market goods. The need for policies arises from the existence of non-market ecosystem services that are not traded and thereby generally not subject to economic trade-offs in landowner decision making. An efficient incentive scheme for producing both types of goods would require policy designed for each non-market good. However, this may result in high transaction costs, possibly giving second-best solutions a comparative advantage when only one non-market good is regulated. This paper demonstrates that in the Hovran catchment area in mid Sweden, which produces the non-market goods water quality, biodiversity, and scenic beauty, compensation payments for biodiversity production alone provide almost maximum total net value of all market and non-market goods. On the other hand, payments for providing scenic beauty in the form of open landscape may result in lower total net value than no compensation payment at all, due to a negative impact on water quality.
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| 23. |
- Jensen, Anna M, et al.
(författare)
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Shrubs protect oak seedlings against ungulate browsing in temperate broadleaved forests of conservation interest: A field experiment
- 2012
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 266, s. 187-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many oak-rich temperate broadleaved forests of conservation value, high ungulate browsing pressure restricts oak regeneration. We examined the protection of oak (Quercus sp.) seedlings from browsing provided by naturally occurring shrubs in 10 forests across southern Sweden over 3 years. We planted oak seedlings in four plots in each forest; two with naturally regenerated shrubs and two with no shrubs. Ungulate browsers were excluded from two plots at each site, one with and one without shrubs. Fencing provided the best protection against ungulate browsers for the seedlings. The probability of a seedling being browsed (browsing frequency) was approximately 20% units lower for individuals growing among shrubs than for individuals growing in the absence of shrubs. When browsing did occur, the intensity (measured as a reduction in height growth) was significantly lower for seedlings in shrubs. Regression analyses showed that browsing frequency increased on seedlings in tall shrubs, and decreased on seedlings that had been browsed previously. Browsing intensity decreased if the seedling grew in tall and dense shrubs. Browsing frequency and intensity increased on oak seedlings that over topped the shrub canopy. Increased abundance of the prickled Rubus idaeus and Rubus fruticosus coll. in plots with shrubs did not affect browsing frequency and intensity. Two and a half years after planting, oak seedling mortality increased by the presence of shrubs. Although shrubs restricted oak seedling growth, we conclude that shrubs initially facilitated oak regeneration by concealment, and subsequently by numeric dilution. Shrubs may be used to reduce browsing damages if long-term evaluation indicates a net positive outcome for oak survival and growth.
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| 24. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of physiological stress by urban green space in a multisensory virtual experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although stress is an increasing global health problem in cities, urban green spaces can provide health benefits. There is, however, a lack of understanding of the link between physiological mechanisms and qualities of urban green spaces. Here, we compare the effects of visual stimuli (360 degree virtual photos of an urban environment, forest, and park) to the effects of congruent olfactory stimuli (nature and city odours) and auditory stimuli (bird songs and noise) on physiological stress recovery. Participants (N = 154) were pseudo-randomised into participating in one of the three environments and subsequently exposed to stress (operationalised by skin conductance levels). The park and forest, but not the urban area, provided significant stress reduction. High pleasantness ratings of the environment were linked to low physiological stress responses for olfactory and to some extent for auditory, but not for visual stimuli. This result indicates that olfactory stimuli may be better at facilitating stress reduction than visual stimuli. Currently, urban planners prioritise visual stimuli when planning open green spaces, but urban planners should also consider multisensory qualities.
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| 25. |
- Ternell, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Possibilities and challenges for landscape observatories
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecocycles. - : Ecocycles. - 2416-2140. ; 9:1, s. 61-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The twentieth century saw rapid environmental degradationdue to changes that contributed to increased net GHG emissions, loss of natural ecosystems, and declining biodiversity. Deterioration of unprotected landscapes during swift industrialization, urbanization, increasing monocultures in agriculture, expansion of commercial production significantly contributed to thesenegative consequences. However, a cultural shift occurred during the last two decades in favour of landscape conservation. In response to widespread landscape degradation and loss of ecosystem services, the Council of Europe saw the need to protect, manage, and develop the landscapes, and thus signed the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in 2000. This was the world's first international agreement that described all aspects of landscape management in detail. The European Landscape Convention fully meets the challenges through its goal of correcting a lack of understanding of landscapes as a unique system embracing natural, economic, and social features throughout Europe. It goes beyond simply protecting landscapes and addresses landscape management and development, as well as raising public and government awareness of the importance of paying attention to all types of landscapes, whether exceptional or spoiled. Landscapeobservatories, multifunctionalplatformsand knowledge centres for researchers, technicians, administrators, and citizens,are one of the Council of Europe's instruments for implementing the European Landscape Convention (ELC). They can be established on a variety of scales and can serve as a vital link between administrations, civil society, researchers, and the economic sector. This article discusses the emergenceof landscape observatories and the role they can play as decision support instruments in promoting sustainable landscape developmentthrough a regenerative approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the implementation of ELC in Västra Götaland in Sweden through the establishment of Landscape Observatory Västra Götaland, and its impacts and challenges associated with landscape development.Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive and holistic, to any landscape type adaptable landscape observatory concept, based on multifunctionality of these institutions, emphasizing their decision support roles, social and economic importance.
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| 26. |
- Back, Jon, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Playing close to home : Interaction and emerging play in outdoor play installations
- 2018
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Ingår i: CHI '18 Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450356206 - 9781450356213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outdoor play is becoming an increasingly marginalised activity in the urban landscape. Even in HCI, research on interactive solutions for outdoor play has largely been limited to special areas and in particular playgrounds. But children play everywhere, and especially play close to home is central in children's play activities. In this article we draw upon knowledge about designing for children's play in interaction design as well as in landscape architecture, to study how interactive play installations can be integrated in outdoor environments of a residential area. We present a field study in which digitally enhanced play installations were installed, in dialogue with the landscape, in between the buildings of a residential area. We focus on how emerging play activities made use of the installations as well as of the surrounding landscape in expected as well as unexpected ways. Based on the observations, we discuss how residential play is special, and how this affects how to design for it.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Kjell, 1956-2014, et al.
(författare)
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Limited GIS skills hamper spatial planning for green infrastructures in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geografiska Notiser. - : Geografilärarnas Riksförening. - 0016-724X. ; 80:1, s. 16-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The term green infrastructure captures the need to conserve biodiversity and to sustain landscapes’ different ecosystem services. Maintaining green infrastructures through protected areas, management and landscape restoration requires knowledge in geography, spatial data about biophysical, anthropogenic and immaterial values, spatial comprehensive planning, and thus geographical information systems (GIS). To understand land use planning practices and planning education regarding GIS in Sweden we interviewed 43 planners and reviewed 20 planning education programmes. All planners used GIS to look at data but did not carry out spatial analyses of land covers. BSc programmes included more GIS than MSc programmes but very few taught analyses for spatial planning. As key spatial planning actors, municipalities’ barriers and bridges for improved GIS use for collaborative learning about green infrastructures are discussed. A concluding section presents examples of how GIS can support spatial planning for green infrastructures.
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| 28. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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How to analyse ecosystem services in landscapes—A systematic review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 73, s. 492-504
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem services (ES) is a significant research topic with diverse modelling and mapping approaches. However, the variety of approaches—along with an inconsistent terminology—cause uncertainties concerning the choice of methods. This paper identifies and qualitatively assesses methods for mapping ES in terrestrial landscapes, based on a systematic review of the scientific literature. It further aims to clarify the associated terminology, in particular the concept of landscape and landscape scale. In total, 347 cases of ES mapping were identified in the reviewed papers. Regulating and maintenance services were most commonly mapped (165), followed by cultural (85), and provisioning services (73). For individual ES, a large variation in number of mapping cases was found. This variation may either reflect the perceived importance of the ES, or that different ES can be more or less easily mapped. Overall, Logical models and Empirical models were most commonly used, followed by Extrapolation, Simulation/Process models, Data integration, and Direct mapping. Only twelve percent of all ES mapping cases were validated with empirical data. The review revealed highly diverging views on the spatial extent of landscapes in studies of ES, and that the term landscape is sometimes used rather arbitrarily.
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| 29. |
- Klemedtsson, Åsa Kasimir, 1956
(författare)
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Lustgasavgång från jordbruksmark
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeringen fattade den 26 juni 2008 beslut om ändring av Jordbruksverkets regleringsbrev rörande uppdraget ”Åtgärdsprogram för minskade växtnäringsförluster” vilket ersätts av uppdraget; ”Jordbruksverket ska efter samråd med berörda myndigheter och organisationer lämna förslag till ett handlingsprogram för minskade växtnärings- och växthusgasförluster från jordbruket för perioden 2011 till och med 2016 med utblick till 2020.” Framtagandet av ett handlingsprogram inom jordbruksverket bedrivs som ett projekt vilket ska utgöra underlag för vidare beslut och genomförande. Föreslagna åtgärder och styrmedel ska vara realistiska, genomförbara och kostnadseffektiva. Förslag till nytt handlingsprogram ska vara färdigt våren 2010. Som ett led i projektet gavs ett uppdrag till Åsa Kasimir Klemedtsson att utreda och ge förslag till möjliga åtgärder i jordbruket som kan minska lustgasavgången från jordbruksmark. Rapporteringen följer de anvisningar som gavs.
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| 30. |
- Morf, Andrea, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The Road Towards Koster Sea National Park - Potentials and Challenges of Implementing Ecosystem Based and Participatory Maritime Management
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report provides results from a comprehensive analysis of the process leading towards Koster Sea national park, Sweden’s first marine national park. International pressure for participatory and ecosystem based management of marine resources is increasing (e.g. Convention of Biodiversity or EU’s Integrated Maritime Policy, Marine Strategy Directive, and ICZM-recommendations). Introducing integrative, participatory management of marine resources to a centralist, sector-based system of governance as in Sweden presents challenges. Various management experiments are under way. An interesting one combines protection and sustainable use in Sweden’s most valuable marine cold-water habitats: Koster Sea national park was inaugurated 2009 in parallel to the Norwegian park Ytre Hvaler and covers a large part of the archipelago and territorial waters in the municipalities of Tanum and Strömstad. The park makes an example for innovative marine management. The road towards it has been long and curvy. In the wake of proposals and protests, a process of community development with an integrative sustainability perspective has developed through an intensive dialogue between authorities and local stakeholders. After 30 years of recurring clashes locals and authorities agree that ecological and cultural values can be protected and used at the same time – under the condition that these uses are designed to be long-term sustainable, and evaluated and developed further in collaboration. Top-down management has met bottom-up initiative. Conservation is no more seen as a dead end by the users but as providing potential for rural development with sustainable tourism. The park’s goals include conservation, education, and sustainable use. Locals are not merely tolerated but an important part in the park's co-management structure – the steering committee Koster Sea Delegation and its working groups. Many participants are interested in analysing this process, which they call the ”Koster Sea Dialogue” in order to learn from it. The participation-process has been documented by the project “The Road Towards Koster Sea National Park”, financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The study focused on the process, its drivers, the institutional framework, participation, stakeholders’ roles and networks, and conflict management. Methods include semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis. An important process characteristic has been the long-term, active involvement of those living and working in the area. Local perspectives and knowledge have reached authorities to a larger extent than usual, making solutions adapted to local circumstances. Another characteristic is a linking of fisheries and local socio-economic development with conservation. The use of a rural development perspective, an evolving collaboration over years and active individuals at many levels have been important too. Researchers at the local marine research station have been important knowledge bearers and defenders of conservation but also translators and mediators in clashes between conservation and use. Other, more “usual” factors have been political interest, time, and resources. However, delegating the responsibility for a participation process to locals and letting it develop ad-hoc has its challenges. In rural areas it is important to proceed with care. Here, individuals are a main driving force – on leisure time. It cannot be expected from all to have the skills and resources for process leadership. People depend on each other and may be reluctant to confront neighbors. Conflicts easily become destructive if escalated. Locally based, ad-hoc process management allows for adaptation to local needs but is less transparent for outsiders. Continuous collaboration over years builds trust among those involved. On the flip side, an insider-elite with access to knowledge but little time to work with outreach may unintentionally be excluding others. Even if delegated to local forces, such processes require authorities’ back up with financial and other resources. The planning is concluded; implementation has just begun. Assessing the process from an adaptive co-management and ecosystem approach perspective – using criteria such as integration along various dimensions, adaptation and learning, participation, and a sustainable development perspective integrating ecological limits with socio-economic needs – the process and its institutional arrangements score relatively high. Some things need to be developed further: • A larger scale marine planning perspective including uses and environment in the surroundings. • The management system with working groups and the roles of the Delegation. • An more structured communication and participation planning and readiness for conflict management. • Monitoring effects in all three dimensions of sustainable development: ecological, social, economic. • Developing structures for organizational learning.
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| 31. |
- Salomon, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences
- 2009
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Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 611-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hexaploid form of Hordeum brachlyantherum ssp. brachyantherum was discovered in California in 1980, and its origin has since been studied over the past three decades. We applied EF-G, a nuclear DNA sequence, to infer the parents of the hexaploid form. In polyploid taxa, amplified DNAs were cloned into a vector, and EF-G copies were amplified from the colonies by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes to separate different types. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the DNA sequences. The result showed that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and 4x carried one identical DNA sequence of 910 bp, and had closely related DNA sequences of 931 bp. H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x shared one identical DNA sequence of 915 bp. From these results we hypothesized that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x has evolved by an outcrossing between H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x and H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 4x, followed by a chromosome doubling. Our results also indicate that H. marinum was involved in the polyploidization of H. secalinum, H. capense, and H. marinum. The origins of H. jubatum and H. depressum are discussed.
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| 32. |
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Degraded and restituted towns in Poland: Origins, development, problems : Miasta zdegradowane i restytuowane w Polsce. Geneza, rozwój, problemy
- 2015
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the less known problems in settlement geography is the issue of so-called degraded and restituted towns. This lack of reconnaissance, however, is perhaps less the result of the towns’ scarcity than their specificity of being ‘awarded’ or ‘deprived of’ an urban label by means of strictly socio-political actions. Degraded and restituted towns, hence, are spatial units made ‘urban’ or ‘rural’ instantaneously, irrespective of their de facto state along what is widely considered a gradual path of (de)urbanization. Instead, they become compartmentalized into two constructed spatial categories that have survived the onslaught of material transformations and philosophical repositioning through different whims of time. While ‘rural’ and ‘urban’ are conceptual binaries that certainly need to be treated with caution, their cultural salience may cause tangible consequences within national administrative systems that abide by a formalized rural-urban distinction. This issue becomes particularly important for settlements that clearly transcend any imagined rural-urban divide, i.e. those, whose material and immaterial characteristics seem counterfactual to their assigned category. It is also crucial in formal practices designed to avert such counterfactualities, but whose ran-domness of approach more creates confusion than helps straighten out a historical concoction. Both processes, nonetheless, lend ‘urbanity’ and ‘rurality’ a resonance of objectivity, justifying their use as guides for a host of developmental endeavors, despite subverting a much more intricate reality. Degraded and restituted towns are direct derivatives of this. Drawing on the above-mentioned irreconcilabilities, the aim of this book is to present and scrutinize degraded and restituted towns through the example of Poland, where these towns occupy a special niche. For one, Poland, due to its chequered and variegated history, is home to a conspicuously large number of degraded (831) and restituted (236) towns; for another, Poland’s relentlessness of formalizing ‘urbanity’ as a category of statistical, political and cultural guidance has a direct bearing on the lives of the towns’ residents. Realizing the intricacy of degraded and restituted towns in the face of commonplace ru-ral-urban ideations, the editors and the 17 contributing Authors of this book have made an effort to capture the towns’ complexity with special foci on their shrouded origins, developmental specificity and incurred problems. Owing to the involvement of researchers from different scientific disciplines and subdisciplines, the undertaken project has helped elucidate the problem from multiple perspectives: spatial, social, demographic, economic, environmental, historical, architectural, cultural, legal and philosophical. Allocated into 17 chapters, not only have the presented interpretations allowed for a first interdisciplinary synthesis on the topic, but they also helped outline some prospective directions for future research. Moreover, collecting materials of such diversity into an amalgamated whole has helped identify specific discourses that enwrap the concept of “urbanity” when seen through its oscillations within formal contexts, and to which degraded and restituted towns serve as expendable game pieces. By combining knowledge arrived at through ontologically and epistemologically different approaches, the incremental contribution of this book as a whole could be summarized in two attainments: a) extending theoretical frameworks used to study degraded and restituted towns in terms of definition, conceptualization and assessing predispositions for future de-velopment on account of their spatial, legal, socio-economic and historical charac-teristics; b) initiating an anticipated discussion on a number of important and current topics re-lated to the practices of degradation and restitution that have not received adequate attention, e.g., the urbanity-vs.-rurality paradox, the changeability of human settlement forms vs. the consequences of rigid spatial categorizations; the role of various actors in shaping the socio-economic reality under the guise of an ossified binary; or identifying spatio-conceptual conflicts as future challenges for local, regional and national policy.
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| 33. |
- Mikusinski, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Ecological, Social and Cultural Dimensions in the Implementation of the Landscape Convention
- 2013
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 38:3, s. 384-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation of the European Landscape Convention requires new tools that link ecological, social and cultural dimensions in practical planning. Here, we propose connectivity as a conceptual tool to include different dimensions into landscape and spatial planning. We present a short review of the connectivity concept in relation to ecological, social and cultural dimensions and illustrate it by examples from a real landscape planning case.
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| 34. |
- Sjöman, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Alnus subcordata for urban environments through assessment of drought and flooding tolerance
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Dendrobiology. - : Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe. - 1641-1307. ; 85, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Mims subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbai-jan, for its functionality as an urban tree. A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (psi(L)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (psi(P0)) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time. A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant difference in psi(P0) between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (-2.31 MPa). This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on water loss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.
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| 35. |
- Ives, Christopher D., et al.
(författare)
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Human-nature connection : a multidisciplinary review
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 26-27, s. 106-113
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In sustainability science calls are increasing for humanity to (re-)connect with nature, yet no systematic synthesis of the empirical literature on human-nature connection (HNC) exists. We reviewed 475 publications on HNC and found that most research has concentrated on individuals at local scales, often leaving 'nature' undefined. Cluster analysis identified three subgroups of publications: first, HNC as mind, dominated by the use of psychometric scales, second, HNC as experience, characterised by observation and qualitative analysis; and third, HNC as place, emphasising place attachment and reserve visitation. To address the challenge of connecting humanity with nature, future HNC scholarship must pursue cross-fertilization of methods and approaches, extend research beyond individuals, local scales, and Western societies, and increase guidance for sustainability transformations.
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| 36. |
- Linner, Harry, et al.
(författare)
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Agricultural land needs protection
- 2011
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Ingår i: NJF Report. - 1653-2015. ; 7, s. 29-34
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
- Messing, Ingmar, et al.
(författare)
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Viktig åkermark hotas
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Upsala nya tidning. - 1104-0173.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Rundlöf, Maj, et al.
(författare)
-
Does conservation on farmland contribute to halting the biodiversity decline?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 26, s. 474-481
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline, despite the implementation of international conservation conventions and measures. To counteract biodiversity loss, it is pivotal to know how conservation actions affect biodiversity trends. Focussing on European farmland species, we review what is known about the impact of conservation initiatives on biodiversity. We argue that the effects of conservation are a function of conservation-induced ecological contrast, agricultural land-use intensity and landscape context. We find that, to date, only a few studies have linked local conservation effects to national biodiversity trends. It is therefore unknown how the extensive European agri-environmental budget for conservation on farmland contributes to the policy objectives to halt biodiversity decline. Based on this review, we identify new research directions addressing this important knowledge gap.
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| 40. |
- Kwiatkowski, Michał, et al.
(författare)
-
Dysfunctional landscapes vs. quality of life : Krajobrazy dysfunkcjonalne a jakość życia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 23rd Interdisciplinary Landscape Seminar "Landscape vs. health and quality of life" (XXIII Interdyscyplinarne Seminarium Krajobrazowe "Krajobraz a zdrowie i jakość życia"), UMCS / PTTK / PTG, 21–22 September 2017, Lublin and Nałęczów, Poland.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life is a complex concept that incorporates many different material and immaterial aspects, but in general refers to the well-being of people, groups or societies, and has been used widely, not least as an indicator of both mental and physical health. The system transformation of 1989 affected the quality of life in both rural and urban areas in Poland. It also contributed to the crystallization of certain cultural landscapes, hitherto illegible due to the inhibition of spatial processes encountered during Communism. After a quarter-century of free market economy, it became apparent that the progressive social polarization that followed was most prominent in environments striated by a special landscape type – “socjałki”. Their dysfunctional character has been noticeable in a wide array of dimensions: unemployment, poverty, social anomies and pathologies, claiming attitudes, substandard housing, and ghettoization. The main characteristic, however, was their equal prevalence in both urban and rural areas, creating peculiar and developmentally insoluble landscapes of dysfunctionality. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of the rural-urban dichotomy on the quality of life of visceral people inhabiting those areas. Using in-depth interviews and detailed questionnaire surveys, we arrive at the conclusion that socjałki are distinct landscapes from a health-related perspective, and are poorly explicated using conventional analytical tools. We suggest they could benefit from being studied and evaluated on the basis of commonalities other than the rural-urban dichotomy.
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| 41. |
- Carlsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
-
Alternativa skötselmetoder för ängs- och betesmarker och användning av skördat växtmaterial
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ängs- och betesmarker utgör unika livsmiljöer och är mycket värdefulla för den biologiska mångfalden. I dagsläget är utmaningarna stora i Sverige för att kunna hävda ängs- och betesmarkerna med hög kvalitet, till stor del beroende på det minskande antalet betesdjur och minskat behov av fodermarker. Denna rapport sammanställer aktuell kunskap kring möjliga nya skötselmetoder för våra ängs- och betesmarker samt hur skördat material kan användas som en resurs i samhället. Sammanställningen bygger på vetenskaplig och populärvetenskaplig litteratur, författarnas erfarenheter inom området, samt information om pågående teknikutveckling och praktisk tillämpning. Utmaningarna för att utveckla hävden av ängs- och betesmarker består i huvudsak i att hitta rationella system, dels för hantering av betesdjur och dels för effektiv insamling och användning av biomassa. Vi har identifierat följande skötselmetoder och användningsområden som särskilt intressanta för vidare analyser: 1. Flexibel hävd genom till exempel extensivt bete, varierad hävd genom olika skötselmetoder olika år (hävdföljd), kombination av olika metoder genom till exempel maskinell skörd och bränning eller slåtter i kombination med bete. 2. Maskinanpassad hävd av skogsbeten och lövängar – kombinationen av ängsväxter och träd för såväl biologisk mångfald som kolinlagring och produktion av biomassa (både gräs och träd). 3. Småskalig och situationsanpassad teknik – slåtter och borttransport av biomassa från små och hinderrika fält genom en kombination av motormanuella och rationella lösningar. Detta kräver viss metodutveckling och logistik lämpad för avslagning, uppsamling och transport. 4. Samordning och utveckling av avsättning för biomassan för bioenergiändamål. Användning av ängsbiomassa som biogassubstrat har särskilt stor miljönytta och möjliggör effektivt resursutnyttjande genom att man både utvinner energi och en växtnäringsrik rötrest (biogödsel) samtidigt som markerna hävdas. Flera nya studier visar på små eller inga skillnader när slåtter genomförs med skärande eller klippande redskap (lie och knivslåtterbalk) jämfört med roterande redskap (rotorslåttermaskiner med vassa knivar eller röjsnöre). Denna kunskap öppnar upp för maskinell skötsel av slåtterängar som annars hotas av utebliven hävd.
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| 42. |
- Plieninger, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring ecosystem-change and society through a landscape lens : recent progress in European landscape research
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - : Resilience Alliance, Inc.. - 1708-3087. ; 20:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landscapes are closely linked to human well-being, but they are undergoing rapid and fundamental change. Understanding the societal transformation underlying these landscape changes, as well as the ecological and societal outcomes of landscape transformations across scales are prime areas for landscape research. We review and synthesize findings from six important areas of landscape research in Europe and discuss how these findings may advance the study of ecosystem change and society and its thematic key priorities. These six areas are: (1) linkages between people and the environment in landscapes, (2) landscape structure and land-use intensity, (3) long-term landscape history, (4) driving forces, processes, and actors of landscape change, (5) landscape values and meanings, and (6) landscape stewardship. We propose that these knowledge areas can contribute to the study of ecosystem change and society, considering nested multiscale dynamics of social-ecological systems; the stewardship of these systems and their ecosystem services; and the relationships between ecosystem services, human well-being, wealth, and poverty. Our synthesis highlights that knowledge about past and current landscape patterns, processes, and dynamics provides guidance for developing visions to support the sustainable stewardship of social-ecological systems under future conditions.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tenngart, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Patients' experiences and use of a therapeutic garden: from a designer's perspective
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Schweizerische Zeitschrift Für Forstwesen = Swiss Forestry Journal. - : Swiss Forestry Society. - 0036-7818. ; 161, s. 104-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The object of this study is to broaden our knowledge on how a therapeutic landscape is used and experienced by its patients. Data refer to qualitative, semi-structured and hour-long interviews with ten patients in a Swedish healing garden. All patients have stress-related diseases and are participants in a rehabilitation programme with nature-assisted therapy. A thematic analysis resulted in two main themes: “to escape, observe and get sensory stimulation” and “to achieve satisfaction, socialize and re-evaluate”, with two and three sub-themes respectively. To grasp both the experience and the use, the themes are described both as phenomena and in relation to where they occur. The experiences described and how they might be aspects of healing, as well as the need to include a perspective related to this process in the design of therapeutic settings, is elaborated on in the discussion. Aspects of results in the thematic analysis are discussed with relation to design and theories in environmental psychology and can be seen as a kind of evaluation of the design of the garden. Also discussed is how this information can be used to contribute to a more evaluation-based knowledge in the design of therapeutic settings.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Fredman, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic values in the Swedish nature-based recreation sector : a synthesis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Tourism Economics. - London : IP Publishing. - 1354-8166 .- 2044-0375. ; 18:4, s. 903-910
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research synthesis reports the main findings from a review of economic values associated with nature-based recreation in Sweden. The purpose of the work was to support policy and to identify areas for future research. Data came from over 150 scientific publications and other public sources. The authors find inter alia a lack of systematic data for several recreation activities (including naturebased tourism), a significant growth in the outdoor equipment industry and a relatively modest economic involvement by the public sector. The information is structured under different categories to illustrate the significance and range of different economic values. The authors conclude that there is a need for more comprehensive and systematically collected data, methodological development and interdisciplinary research.
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| 47. |
- Schiebe, Christian, et al.
(författare)
-
Semiochemical diversity diverts bark beetle attacks from Norway spruce edges
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied entomology. - : WILEY. - 0931-2048 .- 1439-0418. ; 135:10, s. 726-737
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The semiochemical diversity hypothesis (SDH) states that interference with host-selection from non-host volatiles (NHV) is an important mechanism for associational resistance. Inhibition of bark beetle attraction to point sources by non-host volatiles (NHV) is well established and might be a signal serving in host-selection also at the habitat scale. In forests dominated by Norway spruce in middle and northern Europe (N Slovakia 2006 & 2007, SE Sweden 2007), we applied a blend of NHV and verbenone, released from dispensers fixed at 2 and 6 m height at forest edges with high Ips typographus populations. In Slovakia, three different doses (0.2–0.7 dispensers/m forest edge) were tested in 20-tree zones of spruce stand edges. The Swedish experiments used only the middle dose. In Slovakia, there was high tree mortality but dispensers with the anti-attractants reduced killed trees in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction in tree killing ranged from 35 to 76% compared to untreated zones. Regression analysis of relative tree kill on log dispenser density was highly significant (R2ADJ= 0.34, corresponding effect size d≈ 0.98). In Sweden, with lower beetle populations, most attacks (99%) were found outside the experimental areas, with high attack rates (15 trees/ha) in a range of 15–30 m from treated groups, indicating an active inhibitory radius exceeding the previous estimates. The SDH as a functional aspect of biodiversity was tested by converting spruce monocultures into an artificial semiochemically mixed forests. The use of NHV provides the only non-insecticidal method of direct protection of conifer forests. The demonstrated principle of protection is still too expensive for area-wide use, but viable for high-value areas (nature reserves). Further development of push–pull strategies or area-wide applications may prove more cost efficient. In the long-term, the only sustainable approach is a forest landscape of mixed habitats.
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| 48. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors influencing presence-absence of oak (Quercus spp.) seedlings after conservation-oriented partial cutting of high forests in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 26, s. 136-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied occurrence of oak seedlings (Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea Liebl.) in 11 semi-natural oak-rich temperate forests in south Sweden after partial cutting (mean harvest; 26% of basal area). Earlier studies show that canopy openness is positively correlated with oak seedling performance. We used 20 pairs of subplots in each forest, with and without oak seedlings and matched with respect to canopy openness, to analyse other factors associated with seedling establishment and growth. The height of the ground layer (herbs and woody plants) had negative influence, i.e. higher height was associated with reduced probability of seedling occurrence. Higher soil water content had positive influence on seedling occurrence. Protection of seedlings by e.g. Rubus spp., twigs or dead wood was associated with lower seedling occurrence, but seedlings that did establish there tended to be taller. Type of ground vegetation and species composition did not differ between subplots with and without oak seedling. Thus, after conservation-oriented partial cutting of closed canopy high forests, increasing height of the ground vegetation disfavours oak seedlings (independent of canopy openness). High soil moisture favours oak seedlings, as does protected microsites for seedlings that can maintain high growth rate among their competitors.
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| 49. |
- Iwarsson, Mattias
(författare)
-
Identification of weeping crabapple cultivars by microsatellite DNA markers and morphological traits
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientia Horticulturae. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4238 .- 1879-1018. ; 179, s. 221-226
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ornamental crabapples are small landscape trees with charming flowers, colourful fruits and many growth forms. The first weeping crabapple cultivars, Malus prunifolia ‘Pendula' and ‘Pendula Nova', were described in Sweden around 150 years ago. Our study was aimed at identification and characterization of weeping crabapple clones by microsatellite markers and morphological traits. We analysed 13 Swedish and Finnish trees and 8 reference accessions including M. prunifolia ‘Pendula' and three international cultivars belonging to its progeny. The 21 trees represented 13 distinct genotypes. Five local trees were identified as the historical ‘Pendula', assumed to be extinct from the nursery trade. On the basis of morphological traits and historical records, two old Swedish trees were concluded to represent ‘Pendula Nova'. The authenticity of the trees could not be confirmed by DNA markers because no known plant of the old cultivar was found in botanical collections. The Finnish clone ‘Hyvingiensis' proved unique among the crabapple accessions studied. ‘Hyvingiensis' was probably raised from seed at the Finnish State Railways Nurseries about 110 years ago. Several mislabellings were revealed among both the local and the reference samples. A novel identification key was created to aid discrimination between the clones by their morphological traits. A combination of DNA fingerprints, comparison of morphological traits and tracing information in relevant archives and old garden literature proved useful for solving the origin and identity of weeping crabapples. The results contribute to conservation of garden plants and stabilization of horticultural nomenclature.
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| 50. |
- Boman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Kitesurfing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Friluftssport och Äventyrsidrott: Utmaningar för lärare, ledare och miljö i en föränderlig värld. - 9789144069135 ; , s. 194-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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