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- Brittain-Long, Robin, 1969
(författare)
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On the Diagnosis and Management of Viral Respiratory Infections
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), are the most common infections in man, and represent a major global health burden. Viruses, most often causing a mild and self-limiting disease, yet with substantial morbidity and high costs for society, mainly cause upper respiratory tract infections. 70% of all infections in primary care in Sweden are due to ARTIs. Lower respiratory infections on the other hand constitute the third leading cause of death worldwide, mainly in children <5 years of age in resource poor settings. Distinguishing virus from bacteria can be difficult, and often lead to an over-prescription of antibiotics. Modern molecular based diagnostic methods have increased the possibility of an etiologic diagnosis of ARTIs significantly. This thesis aims to evaluate the use of a multiplex real time PCR assay targeting 13 respiratory viruses and two bacteria, from a clinical perspective. In paper I, a retrospective study of 954 nasopharyngeal samples, the PCR assay, which is based on automated specimen extraction and multiplex amplification, is described. Detection rate was 48%. Streamlined testing and cost limitation (€ 33 per sample) along with high accuracy and prompt result delivery, is key to successful implementation of broad molecular testing. Paper II evaluates in a prospective study of 209 adults with ARTI in primary care, and 100 asymptomatic controls, the impact duration of symptoms have on detection rate. Overall positive yield was 43% in patients and 2% in controls, with a significantly higher detection rate in patients with < 6 days duration of symptoms (51%) compared to ≥ 7 days (30%, p<0.01). Having access to the PCR assay reduced antibiotic prescription rates by 50%, in a prospective study (paper III) of 426 adults with ARTI. Patients receiving a result within 48 hours were prescribed antibiotics in 6,8% (n=14) compared to 15.1% (n=33, p<0.01) in the delayed result group. The diagnostic yield in paper IV, a retrospective study of 8753 patients of all ages during 36 consecutive months, was significantly higher during winter (54.7%) than in summer (31.1%, p<0.001), and in children (61.5%) compared with adults (30.5%, p<0.001). Rhinovirus was the most frequently found virus (32.5%), independent of season, and displayed a high genetic variability across seasons. The findings of this thesis support the implementation of similar methods in routine clinical care.
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| 3. |
- Budryk, Michal, 1988-
(författare)
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Fat Cats? : A Case for the Swedish Managers' Making Sense of the Developing Markets
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, I report a set of four studies designed to enhance the understanding of how managers of multinational enterprises (MNEs) perceive and make sense of their business environment under the conditions of gradual, long term environmental change. The focus lies on immanent sensemaking, a process occurring under the conditions of such an environmental change, which fails to give rise to a cosmology episode and consequently energise sensemaking as it has been traditionally understood. More specifically, the investigation is set on the evolution of Swedish MNE managers’ mental frames reflecting the growing importance of what is called developing markets.In the first study, I offer a qualitative probe into the mental frames held by five top managers of a selected MNE. The managers were interviewed and from these interviews, the managers’ mental frames were reconstructed. This study follows a design commonly used in sensemaking research.In the second study, I track the evolution of mental frames of top executives as expressed in CEOs’ letters to shareholders in a sample of 22 largest Swedish MNEs between 1991 and 2015. I juxtapose this with macroeconomic data reflecting the investigated environmental change.In the third study, I use the same data to investigate the intensity of sensemaking activities of the managers over the years.In the fourth study, I report results of a cluster analysis of the investigated companies.With the use of methods borrowed from psychological research, these four studies allow me to extend the sensemaking perspective to incorporate what is called immanent sensemaking, i.e. a sensemaking activity of low intensity and low cognitive strain, which allows for modification of extant mental frames in the face of slowly paced environmental changes which are unlikely to energise what is called episodic sensemaking, i.e. intensive, strenuous cognitive activity. I also offer an early attempt at conducting a sensemaking investigation of data of quantitative character.
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| 4. |
- Ferrara, Vincenza, et al.
(författare)
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From landscape as heritage to biocultural heritage in a landscape : The ecological and cultural legacy of millennial land use practices for future natures
- 2022
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Ingår i: Landscape as heritage. - Abingdon; New York : Routledge. - 9781003195238 - 9781032046235 - 9781032049342 ; , s. 80-90
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many landscapes today, biological diversity is the ecological and cultural legacy of millennial interactions between land use practices and always changing environmental conditions. Thus, landscapes must be seen as heterogeneous, shaped through interacting different temporal and spatial scales. In our contribution we conceptualise biocultural heritage as space-time heterarchies, the endless results of repeated feedback between land use as human ecological process and the response of the ecosystems themselves. We provide the example of the olive intercropping landscape from a rural area of inner Sicily (Cozzo del Lampo hill, Villarosa), and we explore the potential of our conceptualisation for landscape heritage management. The discussion is centred on the acknowledgement of the “ecological function” played by place-based communities, as a key grounding step for the re-appropriation of our ecological engagement with landscape and place.
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| 6. |
- Inwinkl, Petra
(författare)
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Schenkung und Zweckzuwendung unter Lebenden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Steuer und Wirtschaftskartei. - : Linde Verlag. - 1025-8078. ; 82:25, s. 681-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Jemielniak, Dariusz, et al.
(författare)
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Narratives of irony and failure in ethnographic work
- 2010
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of the Administrative Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0825-0383 .- 1936-4490. ; 27:4, s. 335-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational ethnography is one of the most valued approaches to qualitative studies of organizations. Much attention has been given to the development of the research process, of which the researcher's identity is an integral part. However, we believe that the analysis of research failures has been much less developed in the discourse of ethnographic methods for the study of organizations. Therefore, we have explored some of the "slips" in ethnographic work, as described in accounts of fellow organizational anthropologists. As the study is qualitative, we have adopted a narrative research method. We have divided the "slips" (i.e., errors) into four categories important for the ethnographer's identity: (a) one's role; (b) one's project, (c) one's relation to "the Other"; and (d) the social context of the slip.
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| 8. |
- Jemstedt, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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What moderates the accuracy of ease of learning judgments?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metacognition and Learning. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1556-1623 .- 1556-1631. ; 12:3, s. 337-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When people begin to study new material, they may first judge how difficult it will be to learn. Surprisingly, these ease of learning (EOL) judgments have received little attention by metacognitive researchers so far. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate how well EOL judgments can predict actual learning, and what factors may moderate their relative accuracy. In three experiments, undergraduate psychology students made EOL judgments on, then studied, and were tested on, lists of word-pairs (e.g., sun – warm). In Experiment 1, the Goodman-Kruskal gamma (G) correlations showed that EOL judgments were accurate (G = .74) when items varied enough in difficulty to allow for proper discrimination between them, but were less accurate (G = .21) when variation was smaller. Furthermore, in Experiment 1 and 3, we showed that the relative accuracy was reliably higher when the EOL judgments were correlated with a binary criterion (i.e., if an item was recalled or not on a test), compared with a trials-to-learn criterion (i.e., how many study and test trials were needed to recall an item). In addition, Experiments 2 and 3 indicate other factors to be non-influential for EOL accuracy, such as the task used to measure the EOL judgments, and whether items were judged sequentially (i.e., one item at a time in isolation from the other items) or simultaneously (i.e., each item was judged while having access to all other items). To conclude, EOL judgments can be highly accurate (G = .74) and may thus be of strategic importance for learning. Further avenues for research are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Khalili, Pooria, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Elastomer Characterization Method for Trapped Rubber Processing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polymers. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4360. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing high-volume demand for polymer matrix composites (PMCs) brings into focus the need for autoclave alternative processing. Trapped rubber processing (TRP) of PMCs is a method capable of achieving high pressures during polymer matrix composite processing by utilizing thermally induced volume change of a nearly incompressible material inside a closed cavity mold. Recent advances in rubber materials and computational technology have made this processing technique more attractive. Elastomers can be doped with nanoparticles to increase thermal conductivity and this can be further tailored for local variations in thermal conductivity for TRP. In addition, recent advances in computer processing allow for simulation of coupled thermomechanical processes for full part modeling. This study presents a method of experimentally characterizing prospective rubber materials. The experiments are designed to characterize the dynamic in situ change in temperature, the dynamic change in volume, and the resulting real-time change in surface pressure. The material characterization is specifically designed to minimize the number and difficulty of experimental tests while fully capturing the rubber behavior for the TRP scenario. The experimental characterization was developed to provide the necessary data for accurate thermomechanical material models of nearly incompressible elastomeric polymers for use in TRP virtual design and optimization.
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