| 11. |
- Asp, Vendela, et al.
(author)
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Chiral effects in adrenocorticolytic action of o,p'-DDD (mitotane) in human adrenal cells
- 2010
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In: Xenobiotica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0049-8254 .- 1366-5928. ; 40:3, s. 177-183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- 1. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant disease with poor prognosis. The main pharmacological choice, o,p'-DDD (mitotane), produces severe adverse effects. 2. Since o,p'-DDD is a chiral molecule and stereoisomers frequently possess different pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties, we isolated the two o,p'-DDD enantiomers, (R)-(+)-o,p'-DDD and (S)-(-)-o,p'-DDD, and determined their absolute structures. 3. The effects of each enantiomer on cell viability and on cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) secretion in the human adrenocortical cell line H295R were assessed. We also assayed the o, p'-DDD racemate and the m,p'- and p,p'-isomers. 4. The results show small but statistically significant differences in activity of the o, p'-DDD enantiomers for all parameters tested. The three DDD isomers were equally potent in decreasing cell viability, but p, p'- DDD affected hormone secretion slightly less than the o,p'- and m,p'-isomers. 5. The small chiral differences in direct effects on target cells alone do not warrant single enantiomer administration, but might reach importance in conjunction with possible stereochemical effects on pharmacokinetic processes in vivo.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Athanasiadou, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Insamling av bröstmjölksprover från Stockholm, Göteborg, Lund och Umeå samt Analyser av insamlade bröstmjölksprover Resultat från 2007 års arbete : Rapport till Naturvårdsverket – 2008-03-31
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- De båda projekten avser dels insamling av mjölkprover från mödrar som bor och lever i Stockholm, Göteborg, Lund respektive Umeå, dels kemisk analys av mjölken för bedömning av miljögiftshalter. Proverna arkiveras i miljöprovbanken vid Naturhistoriska riksmuseet.Det finns en lång tradition med kemisk analys av modersmjölk i Sverige. Vi har således en av världens bästa dokumentation av temporala trender av miljöföroreningar i människor. Det gäller dock att regelbundet följa upp med nya provtagningar och analyser. Ursprungligen har prover analyserats i mjölk från kvinnor som bor/lever i huvudstadsregionen.Årets insamling av prover visar på svårigheter att erhålla prover från samtliga fyra platser. År 2007 kunde prover från Stockholm och Göteborg hämtas in men däremot inte från Lund och Umeå.De kemiska analyserna redovisar halter i modersmjölk från Stockholm och Göteborg för 4,4’-DDT, 4,4’-DDE, HCB,β-HCH, Oxychlordan och Transnonachlor, samt för CB-118, -146, -153, -138, -187, -183, 128,-180 och CB-170, liksom för summa-PCB av dessa kongener. Analyserna avsåg också modersmjölksnivåer av BDE-47, -99, -100, 153, -154 och BDE-209. De högsta modersmjölkskoncentrationerna står 4,4’-DDE och CB-153 för och med halter upp till 212 respektive 74 ng/bröstmjölksfett 2007 medan medianvärdena låg på 82 respektive 51 ng/g fett. PBDE-kongenerhalterna är lägre och mera i paritet av flera av PCB-kongenerna, HCH, HCB, Oxychlordan och Transnonachlor. BDE-209 dominerar med halter på i medeltal om 0.2-1.8 ng/g fett. Av lägre bromerade difenyletrar dominerar BDE-47.
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| 15. |
- Athanasiadou, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and bioaccumulative hydroxylated PBDE metabolites in young humans from Managua, Nicaragua.
- 2008
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In: Environ Health Perspect. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 116:3, s. 400-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a young urban population in a developing country, with focus on potentially highly exposed children working informally as scrap scavengers at a large municipal waste disposal site. We also set out to investigate whether hydroxylated metabolites, which not hitherto have been found retained in humans, could be detected. METHODS: We assessed PBDEs in pooled serum samples obtained in 2002 from children 11-15 years of age, working and sometimes also living at the municipal waste disposal site in Managua, and in nonworking urban children. The influence of fish consumption was evaluated in the children and in groups of women 15-44 years of age who differed markedly in their fish consumption. Hydroxylated PBDEs were assessed as their methoxylated derivates. The chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using authentic reference substances. RESULTS: The children living and working at the waste disposal site showed very high levels of medium brominated diphenyl ethers. The levels observed in the referent children were comparable to contemporary observations in the United States. The exposure pattern was consistent with dust being the dominating source. The children with the highest PBDE levels also had the highest levels of hydroxylated metabolites. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpectedly, very high levels of PBDEs were found in children from an urban area in a developing country. Also, for the first time, hydroxylated PBDE metabolites were found to bioaccumulate in human serum.
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| 16. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(author)
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Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China
- 2020
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In: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 22:10, s. 2023-2030
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing; [n = 10 individuals per city]), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016 (n = 10 individuals). Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; also known as 6:2 Cl-PFESA or by its trade name "F53-B"), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg mL-1, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg mL-1, respectively). 3H-Perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg mL-1) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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| 17. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(author)
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Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Human Milk from Sweden and China
- 2020
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In: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 19:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract Twenty per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were determined in human milk from residents of three Chinese cities (Shanghai, Jiaxing, and Shaoxing), sampled between 2010 and 2016. These data were compared to a combination of new and previously reported PFAS concentrations in human milk from Stockholm, Sweden, collected in 2016. Across the three Chinese cities, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA; sum isomers), 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS; trade name F53-B), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; sum isomers) occurred at the highest concentrations among all PFAS (up to 411, 976, and 321 pg/mL, respectively), while in Stockholm, PFOA and PFOS were dominant (up to 89 and 72 pg/mL, respectively). 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy) propanoic acid (ADONA) was intermittently detected but at concentrations below the method quantification limit (i.e. <10 pg/mL) in Chinese samples, and was non-detectable in Swedish milk. The extremely high concentrations of F53-B in Chinese milk suggest that human exposure assessments focused only on legacy substances may severely underestimate overall PFAS exposure in breastfeeding infants.
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| 18. |
- Awad, Raed, et al.
(author)
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Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China (vol 22, pg 2023, 2020)
- 2021
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In: Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 23:1, s. 188-188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Correction for ‘Emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human milk from Sweden and China’ by Raed Awad et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2020, 22, 2023–2030, DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00077A.
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| 19. |
- Barouki, Robert, et al.
(author)
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The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change : Emerging research needs
- 2021
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In: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a longlasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.
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| 20. |
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