| 11. |
- Collantes, Fernando, et al.
(author)
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In memoriam : Lennart Schön, 1946-2016
- 2016
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In: Investigaciones de Historia Economica. - : Asociacion Espanola De Historia Economica. - 1698-6989. ; 12:2, s. 67-67
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ejermo, Olof, et al.
(author)
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Home, Sweet Home: Returns to Returning in the Age of Mass Migration
- 2022
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Studying migrants from Sweden to the United States, we provide new evidence on return migration during the Age of Mass Migration. Focusing on a sample of migrants and stayers observed in childhood, we document limited effects on income and occupational upgrading, but large effects on wealth. Male returnees held about twice as much wealth as stayers and about 40 percent more than staying brothers. These effects were likely driven by accumulated savings overseas, rather than inheritance or an income premium back home. For female returnees, wealth effects are of similar magnitude, but appear to be realized primarily through marriage.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Balancing east and west: Evidence from Finland’s regional GDPs, 1880–2010
- 2018. - 1
-
In: The Economic Development of Europe's Regions : A Quantitative History since 1900 - A Quantitative History since 1900. - 9780429449789 ; , s. 103-128
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- During the last two centuries, Finland has undergone a dramatic transformation: from one of Europe’s poorer and more peripheral countries, to a fast-growing high-tech economy. Finland has proven successful in reaping the benefits of openness to trade by moving up the value-added ladder. The country went from being a supplier in furs and tar in the pre-industrial era, to industrializing by exporting sawn goods, pulp and paper. In the post-war period, a definite transition to high-value-added exports took place, with companies such as UPM (bio-and forest industries), Kone (elevators and escalators) and Nokia (mobile telephony) reaching world recognition.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Between Malthus and the industrial take-off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571-1850
- 2017
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. But empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy or Spain show that inequality was already high when their modern industrialization began (Felice, 2011; Rosés et al., 2010). This paper studies the extent and drivers of pre-industrial inequality for the first time with reference to a pre-industrial European economy. Using new estimates of regional GDP for the regions of Sweden for the period 1571-1850 (Enflo and Missiaia, 2017), we find that regional inequality increased dramatically between 1571 and 1750 and stayed high until the mid-19th century. This result discards the view that industrial take-off was the main driver of regional divergence. Decomposing the Theil index for GDP per worker, we find that the bulk of inequality from 1750 onwards was driven by structural differences across sectors rather than different regional productivity within sectors. We then show that counties with higher agricultural productivity followed a classic Malthusian pattern in its population dynamics when experiencing technological advancement, while ones with higher industrial productivity did not. The difference in the two sectors is what boosted pre-industrial regional inequality. We suggest that institutional factors such as the creation of the Swedish Empire, the monopoly trading rights for Stockholm and the protective industrial policy explain this exceptional pattern.
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| 19. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Between Malthus and the industrial take-off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571–1850
- 2020
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In: Economic history review. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0013-0117. ; 73:2, s. 431-454
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. However, empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy and Spain show that inequality was already high at the outset of modern industrialization. Using new estimates of Swedish regional GDP, this article looks for the first time at regional inequality in a pre-industrial European economy. Its findings show that inequality increased dramatically between 1571 and 1750 and stayed high until the mid-nineteenth century. This result refutes the classical view that the industrial take-off was the main driver of regional divergence. Decomposing the Theil index for GDP per worker, we find that the bulk of inequality from 1750 onwards was driven by structural differences across sectors rather than different regional productivity within sectors. We show that counties with higher agricultural productivity followed a classic Malthusian pattern when experiencing technological advancement, while those with higher industrial productivity did not. We suggest that institutional factors, such as the creation of the Swedish Empire, Stockholm's trading rights, and a protective industrial policy, amplified this exceptional pattern.
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| 20. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Between Malthus and the industrial take‐off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571–1850
- 2020
-
In: Economic History Review. - : Wiley. - 1468-0289 .- 0013-0117. ; 73:2, s. 431-454
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. However, empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy and Spain show that inequality was already high at the outset of modern industrialization. Using new estimates of Swedish regional GDP, this article looks for the first time at regional inequality in a pre‐industrial European economy. Its findings show that inequality increased dramatically between 1571 and 1750 and stayed high until the mid‐nineteenth century. This result refutes the classical view that the industrial take‐off was the main driver of regional divergence. Decomposing the Theil index for GDP per worker, we find that the bulk of inequality from 1750 onwards was driven by structural differences across sectors rather than different regional productivity within sectors. We show that counties with higher agricultural productivity followed a classic Malthusian pattern when experiencing technological advancement, while those with higher industrial productivity did not. We suggest that institutional factors, such as the creation of the Swedish Empire, Stockholm's trading rights, and a protective industrial policy, amplified this exceptional pattern.
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