| 11. |
- Micke, O., et al.
(författare)
-
Traditional European Medicine : Hildegard von Bingen and beyond
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Trace elements and electrolytes. - 0946-2104. ; 28:3, s. 150-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term Traditional European Medicine (TEM) was coined analogous to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In the German-speaking areas, the so called Hildegard Medicine (HM) is very popular and according to a national survey, about 3% of German residents believe in HM. Their thoughts of unity and holistic care are based on the belief that cure and salvation are only possible in the devotion to God, who is the "great healer". Disease is an imbalance and health a balance of the soul. Her works are written in Latin and a visionary language and are therefore not intended for use by laymen. They are difficult to understand and leave a lot of room for interpretation. The currently popular term "Hildegard Medicine" cannot be found in her original writings. About 30 years ago, the ideas of Hildegard von Bingen have been readdressed by two physicians, Gottfried Hertzka and Wighard Strehlow. They are suggesting the drugs as well as Hildegard's dietary recommendations as an appropriate medical healing system for today. Hertzka and Strehlow follow a highly commercialized attempt while suggesting that the medical recommendations by Hildegard are of divine origin. This, however, cannot be true as the medical texts compiled by Hildegard are not relying on her visionary experiences as do their religious treatises. In conclusion, HM represents a typical example of current complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Thus, one should state that the actual importance of the remarkable person Hildegard must not be seen as a recommendation for today's therapy but in the fact that she compiled medieval medical knowledge. Under the name of HM, poorly defined overpriced preparations are distributed. Treatment following the principles of HM for serious or malignant disorders is strongly discouraged.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Hübner, Sariel, et al.
(författare)
-
Islands and streams : clusters and gene flow in wild barley populations from the Levant.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 21:5, s. 1115-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The domestication of plants frequently results in a high level of genetic differentiation between domesticated plants and their wild progenitors. This process is counteracted by gene flow between wild and domesticated plants because they are usually able to inter-mate and to exchange genes. We investigated the extent of gene flow between wild barley Hordeum spontaneum and cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare, and its effect on population structure in wild barley by analysing a collection of 896 wild barley accessions (Barley1K) from Israel and all available Israeli H. vulgare accessions from the Israeli gene bank. We compared the performance of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) marker data genotyped over a core collection in estimating population parameters. Estimates of gene flow rates with SSR markers indicated a high level of introgression from cultivated barley into wild barley. After removing accessions from the wild barley sample that were recently admixed with cultivated barley, the inference of population structure improved significantly. Both SSR and SNP markers showed that the genetic population structure of wild barley in Israel corresponds to the three major ecogeographic regions: the coast, the Mediterranean north and the deserts in the Jordan valley and the South. Gene flow rates were estimated to be higher from north to south than in the opposite direction. As has been observed in other crop species, there is a significant exchange of alleles between the wild species and domesticated varieties that needs to be accounted for in the population genetic analysis of domestication.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Lee, Po-Shun, et al.
(författare)
-
mTORC1-S6K activation by endotoxin contributes to cytokine up-regulation and early lethality in animals.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 5:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) activation has been demonstrated in response to endotoxin challenge, but the mechanism and significance are unclear. We investigated the effect of mTORC1 suppression in an animal model of endotoxemia and in a cellular model of endotoxin signaling.Mice were treated with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin or vehicle prior to lethal endotoxin challenge. Mortality and cytokine levels were assessed. Cultured macrophage-like cells were challenged with endotoxin with or without inhibitors of various pathways known to be upstream of mTORC1. Activated pathways, including downstream S6K pathway, were assessed by immunoblots. We found that mTORC1-S6K suppression by rapamycin delayed mortality of mice challenged with lethal endotoxin, and was associated with dampened circulating levels of VEGF, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-5. Furthermore, in vitro cellular studies demonstrated that LPS (lipopolysaccharide) activation of mTORC1-S6K still occurs in the presence of PI3K-Akt inhibition alone, but can be suppressed by concurrent inhibition of PI3K-Akt and MEK-ERK pathways.We conclude that cellular activation of mTORC1-S6K contributes to cytokine up-regulation and mortality in response to endotoxin, and may occur via multiple pathways.
|
|
| 16. |
- Rubio, Oscar J., et al.
(författare)
-
Representations for Object Grasping and Learning from Experience
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010). - 9781424466757 ; , s. 1566-1571
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study two important problems in the area of robot grasping: i) the methodology and representations for grasp selection on known and unknown objects, and ii) learning from experience for grasping of similar objects. The core part of the paper is the study of different representations necessary for implementing grasping tasks on objects of different complexity. We show how to select a grasp satisfying force-closure, taking into account the parameters of the robot hand and collision-free paths. Our implementation takes also into account efficient computation at different levels of the system regarding representation, description and grasp hypotheses generation.
|
|
