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| 12. |
- Lundholm, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring students’ learning in Environmental Education.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction, Nicosia, Cyprus..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores students’ learning and learning experiences in environmental education (EE). Recent reviews in the field of environmental education research have made clear that insufficient attention has been paid to question of learning. In particular, there have been very few empirical investigations into the process (as opposed to the outcomes) of students’ learning experiences. There has also been a failure by environmental education researchers to engage with learning theory.In the light of this situation, this paper will report findings from two studies that focused specifically on learners’ experiences of and responses to environmental curricula. The purpose of the paper will be to highlight the complexity of the learning experience within EE and to draw attention to the need for improved research-based understandings of learning processes.The studies that inform this paper were undertaken independently but drew on similar theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches. The first focused on students’ responses to environmental geography lessons within three English secondary schools. The other looked at Swedish university students’ learning about environmental issues as part of undergraduate programmes.Drawing on data, the paper will:- present detailed empirical illustrations of learning challenges experienced by school and university students during environmental education courses- reflect upon the possibilities and limitations of what we call ‘an intentional approach’ for researching students’ learning in environmental educationAgainst the backdrop of wider research on students’ learning in other subjects and contexts, the paper will consider the influence of the values-rich and contested nature of environmental subject matter.We see this paper as a contribution to the development of environmental education as a research-informed practice, and the strengthening of research and theory relating to students’ learning in these contexts.
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- Nilsagård, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical relevance using timed walk tests and 'timed up and go' testing in persons with multiple sclerosis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Research International. - London : Whurr Publishers. - 1358-2267 .- 1471-2865. ; 12:2, s. 105-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One must understand the potentials and limitations of all tests used to evaluate interventions. The aim of the present study was to clarify the reproducibility, smallest percentage difference needed to be able to detect a genuine change and correlation regarding the 10-m and 30-m timed walks (10TW 30TW) and the 'timed up and go' (TUG) test in people with moderate multiple sclerosis (MS).METHOD: A repeated-measures design was used, with randomization into two groups and different time intervals used for testing. The 10TW and 30TW were performed three times and TUG twice at each testing. Self-selected speed was used for 10TW and forced speed (quickly but safely) for 30TW and TUG. Forty-three people were tested on three occasions within one week. Each person was tested at approximately the same time of the day and by the same physiotherapist on each occasion.RESULTS: The reproducibility was very high. For a single testing occasion, the intraclass correlation was 0.97 for the 10TW and 0.98 for the 30TW and TUG. The smallest percentage difference needed to be able to detect a genuine change in the entire study group was approximately -23% or +31% for either the 1OTW or TUG. It was evident from the 30TW testing results that lower values applied to those with less (-14% to +17%) rather than more (-38% or +60%) disability. The correlation between all tests for the entire study group was 0.85 (0.76-0.91).CONCLUSION: It is sufficient to use only one attempt and to choose only one of the tests when evaluating people with moderate MS. In the case of the 30TW greater attention must be paid to the degree of disability when determining the smallest percentage difference needed to establish a genuine change, than
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| 18. |
- Nilsagård, Ylva, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting accidental falls in people with multiple sclerosis : a longitudinal study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - London : Sage Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 23:3, s. 259-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate accidental falls and near fall incidents in people with multiple sclerosis with respect to clinical variables and the predictive values of four tests. Design: A longitudinal, multi-centred cohort study with prospectively collected falls. Procedures: Self-reported incidents during the three months following a standardized test procedure. Subjects: Seventy-six people with multiple sclerosis and an Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 3.5 and 6.0. Main outcome measures: Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go cognitive, Four Square Step Test (FSST) and 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale. Results: Forty-eight people (63%) registered 270 falls. Most falls occurred indoors during activities of daily life. We found a correlation of rs=0.57 between near falls and falls, and of rs = 0.82 between registered and retrospectively recalled falls. Fallers and non-fallers differed significantly regarding Expanded Disability Status Score (odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22; 3.40), spasticity (OR 1.14, CI 1.02; 1.31), proprioception (OR 2.50, CI 1.36; 5.12) and use of walking aids (OR 2.27, CI 1.23; 4.37). Reported use of walking aids both indoors and outdoors increased the odds of falling fivefold while disturbed proprioception increased the odds 2.5—15.6 times depending on severity. The odds of falling were doubled for each degree of increased Expanded Disability Status Score and more than doubled for each degree of increased spasticity. The Berg Balance Scale, use of walking aids and Timed Up and Go cognitive best identified fallers (73—94%) and proprioception, Expanded Disability Status Score, 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale and Four Square Step Test best identified non-fallers (75—93%). Conclusions: In clinical practice, looking at the use of walking aids, investigating proprioception and spasticity, rating Expanded Disability Status Score and using Berg Balance Scale or Timed Up and Go cognitive all contribute when identifying fallers.
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