| 11. |
- Borgmästars, Emmy, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-omics profiling to identify early plasma biomarkers in pre-diagnostic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma : a nested case-control study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1944-7124 .- 1936-5233. ; 48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor survival. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed to improve the outcome through early detection. Here, we aimed to discover novel biomarkers for early PDAC detection using multi-omics profiling in pre-diagnostic plasma samples biobanked after routine health examinations.A nested case-control study within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study was designed. Pre-diagnostic plasma samples from 37 future PDAC patients collected within 2.3 years before diagnosis and 37 matched healthy controls were included. We analyzed metabolites using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, microRNAs by HTG edgeseq, proteins by multiplex proximity extension assays, as well as three clinical biomarkers using milliplex technology. Supervised and unsupervised multi-omics integration were performed as well as univariate analyses for the different omics types and clinical biomarkers. Multiple hypothesis testing was corrected using Benjamini-Hochberg's method and a false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.1 was considered statistically significant.Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 was associated with PDAC risk (OR [95 % CI] = 3.09 [1.31–7.29], FDR = 0.03) and increased closer to PDAC diagnosis. Supervised multi-omics models resulted in poor discrimination between future PDAC cases and healthy controls with obtained accuracies between 0.429–0.500. No single metabolite, microRNA, or protein was differentially altered (FDR < 0.1) between future PDAC cases and healthy controls.CA 19-9 levels increase up to two years prior to PDAC diagnosis but extensive multi-omics analysis including metabolomics, microRNAomics and proteomics in this cohort did not identify novel early biomarkers for PDAC.
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| 12. |
- Borgström, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
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Växtskydd i raps, åkerbönor och ärter: kunskapsbehov och forskningsinriktningar
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är framtagen på initiativ av en fokusgrupp för växtskydd i avbrottsgrödor som bildats inom Plattform växtskydd vid SLU. Rapportens syfte är att identifiera betydande kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas om ett effektivt och hållbart växtskydd ska kunna uppnås i raps, åkerbönor och ärter, som är de arealmässigt viktigaste avbrottsgrödorna till spannmål i Sverige. I sammanställningen beskrivs ett tjugotal av de främsta skadegörarna som angriper dessa grödor samt vilka befintliga växtskyddsåtgärder som finns att tillgå vid angrepp. De mest angelägna kunskapsbehoven och lovande forskningsinriktningarna presenteras också för respektive skadegörare; dessa har fastställts genom litteraturstudier och diskussioner med experter. I rapporten identifieras och diskuteras slutligen också gemensamma teman av kunskapsluckor för flera olika skadegörare. Vi konstaterar att det för flera virus och markburna patogener finns stora kunskapsluckor vad gäller den grundläggande biologin och skadegörarnas förekomst och utbredning i Sverige. Det finns också bristande kunskap om flera skadegörares spridningsmönster, till exempel flygavstånd för insekter. Resistensförädling identifieras som en övergripande och lovande väg framåt för att utveckla växtskyddet mot speciellt patogener som inte kan bekämpas kemiskt, som kransmögel, klumprotsjuka och Turnip Yellows Virus i raps, samt rotrötor i ärter och åkerbönor. Vidare illustrerar vår sammanställning att odlingssystemet, speciellt växtföljden, är central för att hantera många patogener, ogräs och insekter. Särskilt för en del markburna patogener är långa odlingsuppehåll det enskilt viktigaste sättet att begränsa angrepp. Förändringar i hur grödorna odlas, såsom samodling eller etablering med reducerad markbearbetning, påverkar hela samhällen av skadegörare, men oftast studeras bara effekterna på en skadegörare åt gången, utan att hänsyn tas till eventuella samspelseffekter mellan olika skadegörare. Rapporten belyser också att det finns kunskapsluckor som behöver fyllas för att vi genom ett integrerat växtskydd ska få bästa möjliga effekt av direkt bekämpning mot skadegörare, till exempel utveckling av tillförlitliga prognosmetoder och/eller välgrundade bekämpningströsklar. Vi drar slutsatsen att en förväntat omfattande framtida odling av raps, åkerbönor, ärter och närbesläktade kål- och ärtväxter i Sverige, i ett förändrat klimat och med en begränsad tillgång till kemiska bekämpningsmedel, kommer att ställa växtskyddet inför stora utmaningar. För att möta dessa utmaningar kommer det krävas forskning som kan ta fram motståndskraftiga grödor, odlingssystem som missgynnar skadegörare samt kompletta strategier för integrerat växtskydd som kan hantera uppkomna skadegörarproblem genom behovsanpassad bekämpning med låg miljöbelastning.
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| 13. |
- Bötzl, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting crop injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape through pest monitoring in the autumn
- 2024
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Entomology. - 1461-9555 .- 1461-9563. ; 26, s. 62-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Reliably predicting pest damage would allow farmers to reduce insecticide use without incurring economic losses and thus contribute to agricultural sustainability. However, means to predict pest severity are lacking.2. We assessed whether crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape can be predicted from flea beetle pest densities in the previous season using 22 years of suction trap catches of flea beetles in combination with crop feeding injury data from 293 fields.3. We found a strong positive relationship between the densities of flea beetles of the genus Phyllotreta in the summer and autumn activity period of the previous year and crop feeding injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape the following year. Autumn weather or the total cover of spring oilseed rape in the study region did not improve the prediction further.4. Pest monitoring using suction traps is thus a promising tool to predict crop feeding injury and can reduce insecticide use in years with low pest pressures.
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| 14. |
- Bötzl, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Undersowing oats with clovers supports pollinators and suppresses arable weeds without reducing yields
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 60, s. 614-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable food production requires agriculture to conserve biodiversity and facilitate ecosystem services to maintain productivity levels while reducing inputs detrimental to ecosystem functioning. Increasing within-field vegetation diversity by legume intercropping seems promising to facilitate cropping system multi-functionality. Effects of intercropping with legumes on biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services such as pollination or natural pest control are, however, not sufficiently understood. Using 26 observation plots in a paired field design, we studied the effects of undersowing oats with a mixture of three annual clovers across different aspects of cropping system multi-functionality. We investigated 16 below- and above-ground ecosystem service indicators related to soil mineral nitrogen, arable weed control, pollination, disease and pest pressures, natural pest control and crop yield. We found lower arable weed cover, higher flower cover and pollinator densities as well as decreased root-feeding nematode densities in intercropped observation plots compared with the non-intercropped controls. However, intercropping decreased spider activity densities and oat yield nitrogen content. Root diseases, pest damages, natural pest control and crop yield were not affected by intercropping. The biomass of undersown clovers was positively related with the differences in flower cover and pollinator densities, and negatively related with the differences in arable weed cover between the intercropped and the control treatment. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrate that undersowing annual clovers suppresses arable weeds and simultaneously support pollinators without reducing crop yields or taking land out of arable production. Undersown plant mixtures should, however, be tailored to support a wider spectrum of pollinators and benefit natural pest control to support a higher level of overall cropping system multi-functionality.
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| 15. |
- Dankiewicz, Josef, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
- 2021
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 384:24, s. 2283-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothermia or Normothermia after Cardiac Arrest This trial randomly assigned patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or normothermia with treatment of fever. At 6 months, there were no significant between-group differences regarding death or functional outcomes. Background Targeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty. Methods In an open-label trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we randomly assigned 1900 adults with coma who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac or unknown cause to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C, followed by controlled rewarming, or targeted normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, >= 37.8 degrees C). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome at 6 months as assessed with the modified Rankin scale. Prespecified subgroups were defined according to sex, age, initial cardiac rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and presence or absence of shock on admission. Prespecified adverse events were pneumonia, sepsis, bleeding, arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise, and skin complications related to the temperature management device. Results A total of 1850 patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 6 months, 465 of 925 patients (50%) in the hypothermia group had died, as compared with 446 of 925 (48%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.14; P=0.37). Of the 1747 patients in whom the functional outcome was assessed, 488 of 881 (55%) in the hypothermia group had moderately severe disability or worse (modified Rankin scale score >= 4), as compared with 479 of 866 (55%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.09). Outcomes were consistent in the prespecified subgroups. Arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise was more common in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (24% vs. 17%, P<0.001). The incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions In patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermia did not lead to a lower incidence of death by 6 months than targeted normothermia. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; TTM2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, .)
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| 16. |
- de Leon, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Esophageal multi-level tip manometry in morbidly obese patients during a PEEP step
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 61:8, s. 1028-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Esophageal pressure, a surrogate for pleural pressure, is used to determine transpulmonary pressure and to set appropriate PEEP levels. There is no consensus on the representativity of esophageal pressure for pleural pressure and how to position and inflate the catheter balloon. The aim of this retrospective study1 was to analyze esophageal pressure using multi-level tip manometry (no balloon).Methods: An esophageal catheter with 12 radially directed tip mano meters at 35 levels one centimeter apart, detecting pressure from pharynx to stomach was placed in 17 patients (BMI >35 kg/m2). Pressure was analyzed integrating measurements from five manometer levels at mid- and lower esophageal level and for all levels between the upper and lower esophageal sphincters at PEEP 0 cmH2O (ZEEP) and after increasing PEEP to 10 cmH2O.Results: End-expiratory esophageal pressure (PESEE) was 10–12 cmH2O at ZEEP and increased minimally and transiently in whole and mid esophagus when PEEP was increased. Lower esophageal pressure increased more, but started to recede after approximately 20 breaths.Conclusions: End-expiratory pressure is positive, 10–12 cmH2O at all esophageal levels at FRC in contrast to absolute pleural pressure, which according to established knowledge is negative. There was only a marginal, transient increase in PESEE in response to PEEP. The change in end-expiratory trans-pulmonary and respiratory system pressures in response to a PEEP increase is therefore equal, and lung elastance can be calculated as the chan ge in PEEP divided by the change in end-expiratory lung volume.
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| 17. |
- Emery, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Cold winters drive consistent and spatially synchronous 8-year population cycles of cabbage stem flea beetle
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8790 .- 1365-2656. ; 92, s. 594-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Population cycles have been observed in mammals as well as insects, but consistent population cycling has rarely been documented in agroecosystems and never for a beetle.2. We analysed the long term population patterns of the cabbage stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala in winter oilseed rape over 50 years.3. Psylliodes chrysocephala larval density from 3045 winter oilseed rape fields in southern Sweden showed strong 8 year population cycles in regional mean density. Fluctuations in larval density were synchronous over time across five subregional populations. Subregional mean environmental variables explained 90.6% of the synchrony in P. chrysocephala populations at the 7-11 year time-scale. The number of days below -10 degrees C showed strong anti phase coherence with larval densities in the 7-11 year time-scale, such that more cold days resulted in low larval densities. High levels of the North Atlantic Oscillation weather system are coherent and anti phase with cold weather in Scania, Sweden.4. At the field-scale, later crop planting date and more cold winter days were associated with decreased overwintering larval density. Warmer autumn temperatures, resulting in greater larval accumulated degree days early in the season, increased overwintering larval density.5. Despite variation in environmental conditions and crop management, 8 year cycles persisted for cabbage stem flea beetle throughout the 50 years of data collection. Moran effects, influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation weather patterns, are the primary drivers of this cycle and synchronicity. Insect pest data collected in commercial agriculture fields is an abundant source of long term data. We show that an agricultural pest can have the same periodic population cycles observed in perennial and unmanaged ecosystems. This unexpected find- ing has implications for sustainable pest management in agriculture and shows the value of long term pest monitoring projects as an additional source of time series data to untangle the drivers of population cycles.
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| 18. |
- Emery, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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The Potential of Intercropping for Multifunctional Crop Protection in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Agronomy. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-3218. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus) is a globally important crop which is increasingly under pressure from pests, pathogens and weeds. We investigated the potential of achieving multifunctional crop protection benefits by intercropping oilseed rape with legumes. A field experiment was conducted in which winter oilseed rape was intercropped with the annual frost sensitive legumes berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) or spring faba bean (Vicia faba), or with the winter grain legumes winter faba bean or winter peas (Pisum sativum). We tracked damage to winter oilseed rape by autumn and spring pests (slugs and insects), pathogens, weed biomass, as well as oilseed rape and intercrop yield in each treatment. Intercropping treatments resulted in pest damage that was equivalent or lower than in oilseed rape alone. Follow up field and lab assessments for the frost sensitive legume intercrops provided evidence for a reduction in autumn pest damage to OSR. Each legume intercrop had its own benefits and drawbacks in relation to pest, pathogen and weed suppression, suggesting that the plant species selected for intercropping with oilseed rape should be based on the pests, pathogens and weeds of greatest concern locally to achieve relevant multifunctional benefits. Our study provides a framework for further experiments in which the multifunctional effects of intercropping on pests, pathogens and weeds can be quantified.
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| 19. |
- Erlandsson, Karin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Positive end-expiratory pressure optimization using electric impedance tomography in morbidly obese patients during laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 50:7, s. 833-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Morbidly obese patients have an increased risk for peri-operative lung complications and develop a decrease in functional residual capacity (FRC). Electric impedance tomography (EIT) can be used for continuous, fast-response measurement of lung volume changes. This method was used to optimize positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to maintain FRC. METHODS: Fifteen patients with a body mass index of 49 +/- 8 kg/m(2) were studied during anaesthesia for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Before induction, 16 electrodes were placed around the thorax to monitor ventilation-induced impedance changes. Calibration of the electric impedance tomograph against lung volume changes was made by increasing the tidal volume in steps of 200 ml. PEEP was titrated stepwise to maintain a horizontal baseline of the EIT curve, corresponding to a stable FRC. Absolute FRC was measured with a nitrogen wash-out/wash-in technique. Cardiac output was measured with an oesophageal Doppler method. Volume expanders, 1 +/- 0.5 l, were given to prevent PEEP-induced haemodynamic impairment. RESULTS: Impedance changes closely followed tidal volume changes (R(2) > 0.95). The optimal PEEP level was 15 +/- 1 cmH(2)O, and FRC at this PEEP level was 1706 +/- 447 ml before and 2210 +/- 540 ml after surgery (P < 0.01). The cardiac index increased significantly from 2.6 +/- 0.5 before to 3.1 +/- 0.8 l/min/m(2) after surgery, and the alveolar dead space decreased. P(a)O2/F(i)O2, shunt and compliance remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: EIT enables rapid assessment of lung volume changes in morbidly obese patients, and optimization of PEEP. High PEEP levels need to be used to maintain a normal FRC and to minimize shunt. Volume loading prevents circulatory depression in spite of a high PEEP level.
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| 20. |
- Fischer, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Rethinking and reinventing learning, education and collaboration in the digital age : from creating technologies to transforming cultures
- 2020
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Ingår i: The international journal of information and learning technology. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2056-4880 .- 2056-4899. ; 37:5, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The digitalization of society results in challenges and opportunities for learning and education. This paper describes exemplary transformations from current to future practices. It illustrates multi-dimensional aspects of learning which complement and transcend current frameworks of learning focused on schools. While digital technologies are necessary for these transformations, they are not sufficient. The paper briefly illustrates the applicability of the conceptual framework to the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes that design opportunities and design trade-offs in relation to digital technologies and learning should be explored by envisioning the cultural transformation that are desirable for making learning a part of life.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the work conducted at the symposium "Rethinking and Reinventing Learning, Education, and Collaboration in the Digital Age-From Creating Technologies to Transforming Cultures" that took place in Engeltofta outside of Gavle, Sweden in September 2019. The symposium invited scholars in collaborative analysis of design opportunities and design trade-offs in relation to digital technologies and learning and explored design strategies for systematically and proactively increasing digital technology's contributions to learning and collaborating. The paper first provides a condensed introduction of a conceptual framework summarizing current practices, their problems and promising alternatives. Multi-dimensional aspects of learning and lifelong learning will be briefly described as promising future alternatives to school learning. Examples of transformative practices are supporting the major argument of the paper that creating new technologies is an important prerequisite to address the fundamental challenge of transforming cultures. The unanticipated but fundamental event of the occurrence of COVID-19 will be briefly described to provide further evidence for the need and the applicability of our conceptual framework for rethinking and reinventing learning, education and collaboration in the digital age.Findings: The paper provides a condensed introduction of a conceptual framework summarizing current practices, their problems and promising alternatives. The framework includes multi-dimensional aspects of learning and lifelong learning as a promising future alternative to a focus on school learning.Originality/value: This paper describes exemplary transformations from current to future practices. It illustrates multi-dimensional aspects of learning which complement and transcend current frameworks of learning focused on schools.
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