| 11. |
- Articus, Kristina, 1971-
(författare)
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Phylogenetic Studies in Usnea (Parmeliaceae) and Allied Genera
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with the phylogeny of the lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes). The relationships and the morphological variation among Usnea species has been studied, as well as the relationship of Usnea to allied genera. Two species, U. florida and U. subfloridana, which earlier were regarded to form two separate species have been synonymized. In an analysis based on sequence data these two taxa formed a monophyletic group of intermixed specimens. Usnea florida and U. subfloridana have earlier been regarded to form a species pair, but the species pairs concept cannot be applied in this case. The morphological characters traditionally used for species recognition of a number of European Usnea species have been analyzed regarding their reliability. The evolution and distribution of the morphological characters was studied in relation to a phylogeny based on sequence data. Most characters proved to be homoplastic in relation to the phylogeny. Few characters were consistent in a clade, and the same character could be inconsistent in another clade. Therefore a combination of several characters is recommended for species recognition. The relationship of Neuropogon to Usnea was investigated based on sequence data. Neuropogon showed to be closely related to Usnea subg. Usnea. The subgenera Eumitria and Dolichousnea formed the sister group to the clade comprising subg. Usnea and Neuropogon. Usnea is paraphyletic in this investigation. Eumitria is treated as a genus and the subgenus Dolichousnea is elevated to generic rank. The position of Usnea, Neuropogon, Eumitria, and Dolichousnea in the family Parmeliaceae was investigated based on a phylogeny obtained by sequence data. Protousnea probably forms the sister group to the clade of Usnea, Neuropogon, Eumitria, and Dolichousnea. Several monophyletic groups in the family Parmeliaceae were identified.
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| 12. |
- Articus, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Ribosomal DNA and beta-tubulin data do not support the separation of the lichens Usnea florida and U-subfloridana as distinct species
- 2002
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Ingår i: Mycological Research. - 0953-7562 .- 1469-8102. ; 106, s. 412-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lichens Usnea florida and U. subfloridana have since long been recognised as distinct species. They show many similarities in morphology, but have different reproductive strategies. Usnea florida is always provided with many apothecia and produces no specialised asexual propagules. Usnea subfloridana has soralia, isidiomorphs and occasionally apothecia. Phylogenetic analyses based on continuous sequences of the ITS and LSU regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and the gene coding for beta-tubulin, show that specimens of the two species form one monophyletic group of intermixed specimens, and not two groups corresponding to morphology, which Would have been expected if two species were at hand. The 'species pair' concept in lichenology is discussed. Other Usnea species included in the study are: U. articulata, U. barbata, U. ceratina, U. filipendula. U. hirta, U. rigida and U. wasmuthii.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), an improved technique for screening lichen substances.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 25, s. 61-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a method that can be used for screening lichen substances. It is as simple to use as standard TLC, but has many advantages: It is more sensitive, it is possible to run more samples in a shorter period of time, and the amount of solvent used is much smaller. The material needed and the methods used are described in detail. Horizontal chromatogram development was used. Since two of the solvents used in system B have been substituted, and since the properties of the HPTLC plates are slightly different, our results are not entirely in accordance with the standardized TLC method. A revised table for the identification of 69 lichen substances (obtained from 62 taxa) is accordingly presented.
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| 15. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Professor Ingvar Kärnfelt - a birthday tribute
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Lichenologist. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 0024-2829 .- 1096-1135. ; 41:5, s. 453-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- On 19 July 2009 Ingvar Kärnefelt celebrated his 65th birthday. This could have meant that we, his former students, would be celebrating him in his retirement from his position as head of the Biological Museums at Lund University. We are grateful that this is not the case, as Ingvar will carry on, probably for at least one or two more years. Instead, we celebrate Ingvar because he is the main reason for all of us having studied lichenology in Lund. This special issue of The Lichenologist is dedicated to him as a birthday tribute in honour of his long and fruitful lichenological career. The main authors of all the papers in this issue are former students of Ingvar. For several of us he has not only acted as supervisor but later also as the director of the Botanical Museum where we meet him in our daily work.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Arup, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The sister group relation of Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 99:1, s. 42-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The family Parmeliaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) is possibly the largest, best known and most thoroughly studied lichen family within its order. Despite this fact the relationship between Parmeliaceae and other groups in Lecanorales is still poorly known. The aim of the present study is to contribute to finding the sister group of Parmeliaceae as an aid in future studies on the phylogeny and character evolution of the group. We do this by sampling all potential relatives to the Parmeliaceae that we have identified, i.e. Cypsoplaca, Japewia, Mycoblastus, Protoparmelia, and Tephromela, a good representation of the major groups within the Parmeliaceae s. lat. and a good representation of other taxa in the core Lecanorales. We use molecular data from two genes, the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU) and the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (mrSSU), and a Bayesian analysis of the combined data. The results show that the closest relatives to Parmeliaceae are the two genera Protoparmelia and Gypsoplaca, which are crustose lichens. Parmeliaceae in our sense is a well supported group, including also the family segregates Alectoriaceae, Hypogymniaceae, Usneaceae and Anziaceae.
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| 18. |
- Brinkmalm, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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An online nano-LC-ESI-FTICR-MS method for comprehensive characterization of endogenous fragments from amyloid β and amyloid precursor protein in human and cat cerebrospinal fluid.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. - : Wiley. - 1096-9888 .- 1076-5174. ; 47:5, s. 591-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the precursor protein to amyloid β (Aβ), the main constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Endogenous Aβ peptides reflect the APP processing, and greater knowledge of different APP degradation pathways is important to understand the mechanism underlying AD pathology. When one analyzes longer Aβ peptides by low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), mainly long b-fragments are observed, limiting the possibility to determine variations such as amino acid variants or post-translational modifications (PTMs) within the N-terminal half of the peptide. However, by using electron capture dissociation (ECD), we obtained a more comprehensive sequence coverage for several APP/Aβ peptide species, thus enabling a deeper characterization of possible variants and PTMs. Abnormal APP/Aβ processing has also been described in the lysosomal storage disease Niemann-Pick type C and the major large animal used for studying this disease is cat. By ECD MS/MS, a substitution of Asp7 → Glu in cat Aβ was identified. Further, sialylated core 1 like O-glycans at Tyr10, recently discovered in human Aβ (a previously unknown glycosylation type), were identified also in cat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is therefore likely that this unusual type of glycosylation is common for (at least) species belonging to the magnorder Boreoeutheria. We here describe a detailed characterization of endogenous APP/Aβ peptide species in CSF by using an online top-down MS-based method.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Ceken, Fatma, et al.
(författare)
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The use of the theory of conceptual profiles to assess learning outcome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electronic Proceedings of the ESERA 2015 Conference<em></em>. - Helsinki : University of Helsinki. - 9789515115416 ; , s. 2716-2721
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Schools Inspectorate (2012) made an evaluation of the quality in science teaching in year 1–3 in the Swedish compulsory school. Large differences were found among the 30 schools studied. Often teaching only consisted of mediating facts or experiments made by the teacher. The students rarely got an opportunity to learn through systematic investigations. Less than 60% of the lessons observed involved activities were the students to large extent met scientific methods. Also, good examples were found in schools were the teachers consciously let the students make hypotheses about what will happen in an experiment. In many schools the teacher use readymade teaching packages. Generally, they consist of instructions for how series of lessons with different themes may be planned and performed by using the material included. Some of the packages also include education of the teachers. According to the School Inspectorate teachers without education in science claim that with help of the packages they have been able to teach in all areas of school science. Teachers sometime use the packages as inspiration, but chose other methods for their teaching. The purpose of this study was to examine how students in primary school use concepts and to study their conceptual development during two sequences of lessons, primarily based on the student’s own documentations. Written diaries and reports of the students were analysed in order to construct their conceptual profiles and to follow their development. The assessment of the performances in relation to the knowledge requirement evaluated students ability to discuss simple questions concerning chemical processes, plan simple experiments and formulate simple question. The study shows that observations, discussions, and written documentation of simple experiments promotes conceptual development.
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