11. |
- Shaw, G., et al.
(author)
-
A cost-benefit analysis of long-term management options for forests following contamination with (CS)-C-137
- 2001
-
In: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - 1879-1700. ; 56:1-2, s. 185-208
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides a description of a cost-benefit analysis applied to determine the cost effectiveness, or otherwise, of nine management strategies potentially applicable to forests contaminated with Cs-137. Th management strategies were considered singly and in a number of likely combinations. A management strategy was considered to be cost-effective if it resulted in a lower overall monetary detriment than was incurred if use of the contaminated forest was continued on a 'business as usual' basis. Only the banning of mushroom collection and restriction of public access proved to be cost-effective management strategies on the basis of this definition. However, even these strategies only proved cost-effective at high levels of Cs-137 contamination, at which net savings in detriment in the form of public dose were achieved. Cost-effective savings of doses to forest workers were never achieved at any of the contamination levels considered in this study. It is suggested that novel alternative uses of contaminated forests are required which could provide added value to the standing crop in return for small increases in public and worker doses. One such use might be biofuel production.
|
|
12. |
- Sundell, I.B., et al.
(author)
-
In vitro procoagulant and anticoagulant properties of Naja naja naja venom
- 2003
-
In: Toxicon. - 0041-0101 .- 1879-3150. ; 42:3, s. 239-247
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bites by the Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) are common in India and Sri Lanka because of its close association with humans. Cobra venoms are complex and contain several toxic components, including neurotoxins that cause post-synaptic neuromuscular blockade with respiratory paralysis and even death. Bites may also cause extensive local necrosis by mechanisms not fully elucidated. Although no significant coagulopathy has been reported, N.n. naja venom can form blood clots in vitro by activating prothrombin as demonstrated by thrombin-specific chromogenic substrate. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that the clots formed by venom lack the thin fibrin strands of normal blood clots formed by thromboplastin or glass contact. Rheometry shows that clots formed by venom have abnormally low elasticity over an extended period and then, as the platelets contract, a retarded and more feeble increase in elasticity. Purified N.n. naja venom PLA2 inhibits platelet aggregation in PRP and explains the decreased clot retraction and retarded and compromised elasticity build up. The present study shows that the PLA 2 and the prothrombin activator from N.n. naja venom have effects on haemostasis and blood clotting, although such effects are not observed systemically in envenomed humans. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
13. |
|
|