| 3011. |
- Huskaj, Gazmend, et al.
(författare)
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Toward an ambidextrous framework for offensive cyberspace operations : A theory, policy and practice perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, ICCWS 2020. - Reading, UK : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781912764525 - 9781912764532 - 1912764539 ; , s. 243-253
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the rise in state-sponsored cyber attacks over the past three decades and proposes a new ambidextrous framework for offensive cyberspace operations. Since 1982, nation states have embarked in a fierce race to develop both clandestine and covert offensive cyber capabilities. Their intended targets range from foreign militaries and terrorist organizations to civilian populations and the critical infrastructures that they rely upon. Advancements in cyber security have, however, contributed to the discovery and attribution of offensive cyber operations, such as state-sponsored ransomware attacks, where state-built cyber capabilities have been used to attack governments, industries, academia and citizens of adversary nations. The financial and psychological costs of these ransomware attacks are today a threat to any state's national security. This article draws from academic research, the cyber military doctrines of four countries-a total of eight models from the Netherlands, Sweden, the U.S., and the U.K.-and the authors' operational experience to propose a new ambidextrous framework for offensive cyberspace operations. This ambidextrous framework for offensive cyberspace operations and the associated Cyberspace Operations Canvas are needed today in order to increase the resilience of national critical infrastructures against attacks from state-developed tools. We use the WannaCry-case to illustrate how the implementation of the ambidextrous framework for offensive cyberspace operations would result in increased awareness and understanding of the prospective cyber threats, their intended target(s), the likelihood of cascading effects and the options available by nation states to minimize them.
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| 3012. |
- Huskaj, Gazmend
(författare)
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What is a Substantial Contribution to a Research Project in Offensive Cyberspace Operations that Merits Co-Authorship?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. - Reading, UK : ACI Academic Conferences International. - 9781914587276 - 9781914587269 ; , s. 385-394
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reviews the question what is a substantial contribution to a research project in offensive cyberspace operations that merits co-authorship? Frustrations and conflicts may develop during research projects when researchers with different backgrounds, cultures, research fields and expertise decide to conduct research and produce and publish those results. The focus of this paper is a research project in cyberspace operations while taking into account the power-dynamics inherent in the academic system and how these can affect the co-authorship of research products. First, the purpose with doing research is presented. Next, three models of the research process are reviewed, describing their differences and similarities. Then, linguistic analysis is applied on a set of terms in guidelines for co-authorship described in some different universities in Sweden. The results present a model for a research project in offensive cyberspace operations and based on the output of the linguistic analysis, the model is used to quantify and describe what a substantial contribution is in three scenarios that merits co-authorship.
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| 3013. |
- Hussain, A. H. M. Enayet, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of childhood blindness : A community-based study in Bangladesh
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 14:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and causes of childhood blindness in a rural area of Bangladesh. We adopted a cross-sectional quantitative study design for this study, which was performed in three unions (sub-districts) located in Raiganj Upazila of the Sirajganj district in Bangladesh. Using a validated tool, a screening program was conducted at the household level. After initial screening, a team of ophthalmologists confirmed the diagnoses by clinical examinations. The prevalence of childhood blindness was observed to be 6.3 per 10,000 children, whereas the rate of uniocular blindness was 4.8 per 10,000 children. Congenital problems were the major causes of both uniocular and binocular blindness (uniocular blindness: 84% and binocular blindness: 92%). The whole globe was the site responsible for binocular blindness (28.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.1, 47.7), whereas the cornea was responsible for uniocular blindness (57.8%, 95% CI: 35.3, 78.1). Childhood blindness is a public health problem in Bangladesh and is highly prevalent, regardless of sex. The major causes of childhood blindness are congenital. © 2019 Hussain et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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| 3014. |
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| 3015. |
- Hussain, Showket, et al.
(författare)
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Association of cyclin D1 gene polymorphisms with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Kashmir Valley : a high risk area
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Carcinogenesis. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0899-1987 .- 1098-2744. ; 50:7, s. 487-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of potential association of SNPs (G870A, rs9344; G1722C, rs678653) of cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Kashmir valley (India). The study included 302 subjects comprising 151 ESCC cases and 151 controls. PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing were employed for genotyping. The G870A polymorphism, the individuals carrying GA + AA genotype was having 2.80-fold increased risk for development of ESCC (OR 2.8, 95% CI = 1.77-4.4; P = 0.0001) compared to GG genotype. Further a significantly higher risk was observed in individuals who consume >3 cups per day of salted tea (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 1.6-16.7; P = 0.0016) and had smoking habits (OR = 6.3; 95% CI = 2.9-13.9; P = 0.0005). We also demonstrate for the first time in CCND1 1722 locus, the CC genotype was strongly associated with increased risk of developing ESCC (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.61-4.15; P = 0.0001). In addition, the frequency of polymorphic C allele was also found to be higher in cases (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.37-2.69; P = 0.0002). There appears to be an influence of CCND1 G870A/G1772C genotypes on genetic susceptibility to ESCC.
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| 3016. |
- Hussain, Showket, et al.
(författare)
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Methylation-mediated gene silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients of Kashmir valley
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1079-9893 .- 1532-4281. ; 31:2, s. 147-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Jammu and Kashmir. The negative regulation of tumor suppressor gene leading to change in signaling pathway is one of the major mechanisms responsible for tumorigenic transformation.OBJECTIVE: In the present study, the role of silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) gene, a negative regulator of JAK/STAT pathway, was analyzed in ESCC.METHODS: The expression pattern of SOCS-1 gene was analyzed in esophageal tumor biopsies although normal adjacent tissues that served as controls. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection were performed to assess the expression pattern and promoter methylation of SOCS-1 gene including HPV status in a total of 75 surgically resected tissue specimens.RESULTS: Compared with the level of SOCS-1 expression in normal tissues, 53% (40/75) of the tumor tissues expressed either undetectable or reduced SOCS-1 expression (>50% loss of expression), which was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage or severe histopathological grade of the disease (P < 0.01). Aberrant promoter methylation of the SOCS-1 gene was found in 45% (34/75) of the esophageal tumor tissues, which was also found to be significantly associated with advanced stage of esophageal carcinoma (P < 0.01). The prevalence of HPV infection was found in 19% of tumor cases, whereas no HPV could be detected in any of the normal adjacent tissues.CONCLUSION: Transcriptional inactivation of SOCS-1 gene, primarily due to its promoter hypermethylation although HPV infection, may play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis in Kashmir.
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| 3017. |
- Hutton, Eileen, et al.
(författare)
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Waterinjectie stilt bevallingspijn
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medisch Contact. - : Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij tot Bevordering der Geneeskunst (KNMG). - 0025-8245. ; 68:38, s. 1894-1897
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3018. |
- Huusko, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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First-Time Fathers´ Experience of Support from Midwives in Maternity Clinics : An Interview Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nursing Research and Practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-1429 .- 2090-1437.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background.Research shows that first-time fathers want to take part in preparation for birth and parenthood but they describe being excluded by health professionals. Aim. The aim of this study was to illustrate first-time fathers' experiences of support from midwives in maternity clinics as a step in the validation of "The Father Perceived-Professional-Support" (The FaPPS) scale.Methods.A qualitative content analysis with an inductive and deductive approach was used; seven first-time fathers were strategically selected and interviewed. In the inductive part the following open question was asked: "How did you perceive the support from the antenatal midwife/midwives?" In the deductive part, the fathers were asked to respond to the FaPPS scale, in order to receive their thoughts and understanding of the scale, inspired by the "Think-aloud" method. Findings. The inductive results showed two main categories: Experience of not knowing what support they needed and Experience of being excluded. The fathers found support from other fathers in parental education classes, but they lack time to discuss. Overall it seems as if the fathers answered both from their own perspective and from the mothers' perspective. This was not evident in the deductive results. The FaPPs scale should therefore include professionals' ability to strengthen social support from other first-time fathers and professionals' ability to offer support to the mother.Conclusion and Clinical Implications.The fathers experienced exclusion both by themselves and also by midwives. Midwives should offer both parents the opportunity to pose questions. It is important for expectant fathers that time for discussion is planned in parental education classes. The FaPPS scale is useful but needs further development. Parts of our result are in line with earlier research, for decades; therefore it is necessary to focus more on support for fathers.
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| 3019. |
- Huvila, Isto, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related differences in seeking clarification to understand medical record information
- 2019
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Ingår i: Information research. - : Högskolan i Borås. - 1368-1613. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Patient accessible electronic health records can be used to inform and empower patients. However, their use may require complementary information seeking since they can be difficult to interpret. So far, relatively little is known of the information seeking that takes place in connection to health record use, and especially the way it varies in different age groups. A better understanding of patients' preferences of where and how to find explanatory information provides valuable input for the development of health information provision and counselling services. Method. The analysis is based on the results of a national survey of Swedish individuals (N=1,411) who had used a national patient accessible electronic health record system (Journalen). Analysis. The data were analysed in SPSS 24.0 using Kruskal-Wallis tests for detecting groupwise differences and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for discovering age-related trends in the data. Findings. Older patients were more likely to use a telephone and younger patients to use socia l contacts to ask for clarification. Generally, older adults born between 1946-1960 appear as passive information seekers. Conclusion. Age gro ups differ in their preferences on how to seek clarification, which underlines the importance of a better understanding of individual differences in delivering not only technically but also intellectually accessible health information. Calling by telephone could be a habit of present older generations whereas, to a degree, searching information online could be a comparable habit of current younger generations.
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| 3020. |
- Huvila, Isto, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Health Information Literacy Competencies Among Older Adults, Elderly and Younger Citizens
- 2019
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Ingår i: Information Literacy in Everyday Life. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030134716 - 9783030134723 ; , s. 136-143
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the research gap on age-based differences in health information literacy (HIL), we investigated how younger (born 1960–) and older adults (1946–1960), and elderly citizens (–1945) differed from each other by their HIL competencies. Data were collected with an online survey of patients using the Swedish national electronic health record system. Altogether, 2,587 users responded. One-way ANOVA with post hoc tests revealed several differences between the groups: younger adults were less likely to value health information than older adults; older adults and elderly were least likely to compare information from multiple sources and had trouble in determining health information needs; older adults were most likely to have trouble understanding health terminology and the elderly to have difficulties in understanding medicinal package labels. The study shows that HIL is not necessarily improving or declining but adapting to challenges of advanced age. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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