| 61. |
- Abed, Ayman, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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3D simulations of deep mixed columns under road embankment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Rakenteiden Mekaniikka. - 0783-6104 .- 1797-5301. ; 54:1, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When column stabilisation is meant to function as a ground improvement under an embankment, the design cases to be considered consist of overall stability, compression resistance of the column heads, arching of the embankment on the columns and settlements. This paper focuses on the compression resistance of the columns. The proper geotechnical design of deep mixed (deep stabilised) columns under road embankment requires good estimation of the stress-strain behaviour of the columns and the surrounding soil under the embankment and traffic loading. Earlier Finnish design approaches relied on an even traffic load of 10 kN/m2 on the road surface. The dimensioning methods for column stabilised soil are also based on the idea of an even traffic load. Due to Eurocode recommendations a more realistic scenario is introduced, which remarkably increases the magnitude of the traffic loading. After deriving suitable material properties and stiffness parameters for static and dynamic traffic loading, three-dimensional finite element calculations are performed to achieve better understanding of the mechanical interaction between the embankment, columns and soil under the new loading configuration. Even though more investigations are needed before delivering a final statement, the calculations show that, for the considered case in this paper, the new loading scenario has no relevant consequences on the design compared to the earlier design approach.
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| 62. |
- Abed, Ayman, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
FEniCS simulation of a partially saturated slope under varying environmental loads
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a numerical simulation of the response of a partially saturated slope under the impact of a long heavy rainfall event. The results are shown as a chart of varying safety factor over time. The powerful FEniCS finite element framework is employed to solve the governing coupled Hydro-Mechanical (HM) balance equations. An extended version of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion that accounts for partial saturation is implemented in Fortran and called from within FEniCSscript to carry out the stress integration and plastic correction. The safety calculations are performed using the strength reduction technique, firstly using Bishop’s effective stress, and secondly using two independent stress measures (i.e., net stress and suction). The impact of the chosen stress measures on the results is briefly discussed. The results highlight the importance of considering the unsaturated soil behaviour in the estimation of the safety margin, and to answer the important question of when and where the failure might occur.
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| 63. |
- Abed, Ayman, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Finite element method algorithm for geotechnical applications based on Runge-Kutta scheme with automatic error control
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computers and Geotechnics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-352X .- 1873-7633. ; 128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a novel explicit algorithm to solve the finite element equation linking the nodal displacements of the elements with the external forces applied via means of non-linear global stiffness matrix. The proposed method solves the equation using Runge-Kutta scheme with automatic error control. The method allows any Runge-Kutta scheme, with the paper demonstrating the algorithm efficiency for Runge-Kutta schemes of second to fifth order of accuracy. The paper discusses the theoretical background, the implementation steps and validates the proposed algorithm. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is robust and stable. In comparison to the iterative implicit methods (e.g. Newton-Raphson method), the new algorithm overcomes the problem of occasional divergence. Furthermore, considering the computation time, the fifth-order accurate scheme proves to be competitive with the iterative method. It seems that the proposed algorithm could be a powerful alternative to the standard solution procedures for the cases with strong nonlinearity, where the typical algorithms may diverge.
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| 64. |
- Abedi, Hamidreza, 1979
(författare)
-
Assessment of flow characteristics over complex terrain covered by the heterogeneous forest at slightly varying mean flow directions: (A case study of a Swedish wind farm)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 202, s. 537-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of heterogeneous forest canopies and complex terrain on the horizontal distortion of the inflow is studied. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flow is performed for a wind farm in Sweden for three cases associated with three different wind directions at the range of the static yaw misalignment (≃±6∘) where the yaw control system is not activated. The ground topography and forest properties for the numerical modeling are extracted from the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) 3D data. The wind turbines within the wind farm are introduced using the actuator disk model. To focus on the airflow deflection only by the complex terrain and vegetation, the study is limited to upstream wind turbines without any wake interaction. The predicted mean wind speed and turbulence intensity for the upstream wind turbines are compared against the nacelle-mounted anemometers taken from the wind farm's turbine SCADA data. To quantify the additional load and moments induced at the rotor blades by the horizontal misalignment of the incoming flow, aero-structural simulation of the upstream wind turbines in the wind farm for all three cases is performed. The results show that the horizontal distortion of the inflow over the rotor swept area is usually kept below the range of static yaw misalignment (≃6∘) for the majority of the upstream wind turbines for all three cases. However, the impact of a large vertical shear exponent leading to misinterpretation of the results must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the load imbalance of the rotor due to the vertical wind shear has the least direct contribution to the yaw moment. However, for a mean vertical shear exponent larger than α=0.25, contrary to expectation, a positive mean yaw moment under the positive-yawed inflow may be observed.
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| 65. |
- Abedi, Hamidreza, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of Wind Field Generation Methods on Predicted Wind Turbine Power Production Using a Free Vortex Filament Wake Approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of the ASME. - : ASME International. - 1528-8986 .- 0199-6231. ; 144:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generated power and thrust of a wind turbine strongly depend on the flow field around the turbine. In the present study, three different inflow methods, i.e., a time series (TS) from large eddy simulation (LES) of atmospheric boundary layer flow field, a synthetic turbulent flow field using the Mann model (MM), and a steady-state mean wind profile with shear, are integrated with the free vortex filament wake method to investigate the effect of wind field generation methods on the wind turbine performance where the impact of the turbine and the trailing wake vortices on the turbulent flow fields is ignored. For this purpose, an in-house vortex lattice free wake (VLFW) code is developed and used to predict the aerodynamic loads on rotor blades. The NREL 5-MW reference wind turbine is used for the VLFW simulations. For a fair assessment of different inflow generation methods on power production of a wind turbine, it is not sufficient that the generated wind fields employed in the TS and MM methods have the same streamwise mean velocity and turbulence intensity at hub height. Instead, the generated inflows must have equivalent power-spectral densities especially at low frequencies since the rotor blades essentially respond to the large-scale fluctuations (macroscopic scales) rather than small-scale fluctuations (microscopic scales). A faster energy decay rate of LES inflow leads to a higher energy content in the TS method at low frequencies (associated with the macroscopic dynamics of the rotor blades). This extra kinetic energy results in a slightly higher mean power production while using the TS method although the inflow conditions at hub height/rotor plane are the same for both the TS and MM methods. Moreover, the impact of simulation time (the length of time integration) on the power production of a wind turbine (exposed to an unsteady inflow) must be taken into account. A short simulation time remarkably affects the mean wind speed over the rotor area for identical turbulent inflows. For Taylor's hypothesis application using a single LES flow field, the results show a significant difference in the mean powers corresponding to the different realizations due to large turbulent fluctuations.
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| 66. |
- Abedi, Hamidreza, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of blade element momentum (BEM) method for hydropower
- 2022
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 1079:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BEM method is extensively used for analyzing the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines and marine propellers. It is computationally fast and is easily implemented while it can give fairly accurate results. Application of the BEM method to predict the forces acting on rotor blades for a model scale axial shaft-driven Counter-Rotating Pump-Turbine (CRPT) is investigated. Some modifications have been proposed to adopt the classical BEM method for CRPT machine and the results are validated against results from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results display that the proposed modifications can improve the loading predicted by BEM. However, the improvements are more pronounced in pump mode rather than turbine mode.
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| 67. |
- Abedi, Hamidreza, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical modelling of neutral atmospheric boundary layer flow through heterogeneous forest canopies in complex terrain (a case study of a Swedish wind farm)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 180, s. 806-828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper exposes the risk of generalization of wind conditions from a single met-mast measurement to be representative of the actual flow field in a wind farm situated in complex terrain. As a case study, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flow for a mid-western Sweden wind farm is performed. The site-specific complex topography and the forest properties like the Plant Area Density and the tree heights are extracted from the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) 3D data, thus the forest is heterogeneous. To emphasize the impact of the local topography and surface roughness on the wind field, the wind turbines are not included in the numerical simulations. The predicted wind speeds using LES are compared to wind speed from the nacelle-mounted anemometers taken from the wind farm's turbine SCADA data, focusing on the wake-free turbines. A sufficient degree of match is observed, supporting the accuracy of the numerical simulations. The results show that inflow variables i.e., mean wind speed, shear exponent and turbulence intensity vary at each wind turbine location justifying the need for turbine-specific assessment of the wind resource in a wind farm located in forested complex terrain. The inter-turbine (between turbines in the wind farm) differences in wind resource is quantified in terms of the difference in turbine-specific structural and mechanical loads by running wind turbine mechanical simulations using the extracting the wind fields predicted by the LES. The results show that not only inter-turbine loads varying significantly in the wind farm, but the turbine loads also differ significantly if a homogeneous assumption is made for the forest. Most importantly, it was found that the homogeneous forest assumption predicted a higher turbulence intensity compared to a heterogeneous forest resulting.
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| 68. |
- Abedi, Hamidreza, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Preliminary Analysis of Compression System Integrated Heat Management Concepts Using LH 2 -Based Parametric Gas Turbine Model
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aerospace. - : MDPI AG. - 2226-4310. ; 9:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The investigation of the various heat management concepts using LH2 requires the development of a modeling environment coupling the cryogenic hydrogen fuel system with turbofan performance. This paper presents a numerical framework to model hydrogen-fueled gas turbine engines with a dedicated heat-management system, complemented by an introductory analysis of the impact of using LH2 to precool and intercool in the compression system. The propulsion installations comprise Brayton cycle-based turbofans and first assessments are made on how to use the hydrogen as a heat sink integrated into the compression system. Conceptual tubular compact heat exchanger designs are explored to either precool or intercool the compression system and preheat the fuel to improve the installed performance of the propulsion cycles. The precooler and the intercooler show up to 0.3% improved specific fuel consumption for heat exchanger effectiveness in the range 0.5–0.6, but higher effectiveness designs incur disproportionately higher pressure losses that cancel-out the benefits.
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| 69. |
- Abedin, Raschid, et al.
(författare)
-
Classification of classical twists of the standard Lie bialgebra structure on a loop algebra
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0393-0440. ; 164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The standard Lie bialgebra structure on an affine Kac–Moody algebra induces a Lie bialgebra structure on the underlying loop algebra and its parabolic subalgebras. In this paper we classify all classical twists of the induced Lie bialgebra structures in terms of Belavin–Drinfeld quadruples up to a natural notion of equivalence. To obtain this classification we first show that the induced bialgebra structures are defined by certain solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation (CYBE) with two parameters. Then, using the algebro–geometric theory of CYBE, based on torsion free coherent sheaves, we reduce the problem to the well-known classification of trigonometric solutions given by Belavin and Drinfeld. The classification of twists in the case of parabolic subalgebras allows us to answer recently posed open questions regarding the so-called quasi-trigonometric solutions of CYBE.
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| 70. |
- Abedin, Raschid, et al.
(författare)
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Topological Lie Bialgebras, Manin Triples and Their Classification Over g[[x]]
- 2024
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - 1432-0916 .- 0010-3616. ; 405:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main result of the paper is classification of topological Lie bialgebra structures on the Lie algebra g[[x]] , where g is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic 0. We introduce the notion of a topological Manin pair (L,g[[x]]) and present their classification by relating them to trace extensions of F[[x]] . Then we recall the classification of topological doubles of Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] and view it as a special case of the classification of Manin pairs. The classification of topological doubles states that up to an appropriate equivalence there are only three non-trivial doubles. It is proven that topological Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] are in bijection with certain Lagrangian Lie subalgebras of the corresponding doubles. We then attach algebro-geometric data to such Lagrangian subalgebras and, in this way, obtain a classification of all topological Lie bialgebra structures with non-trivial doubles. For F= C the classification becomes explicit. Furthermore, this result enables us to classify formal solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation.
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