| 1. |
- Bilal, Ayesha, et al.
(författare)
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Mom2B: a study of perinatal health via smartphone application and machine learning methods
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionPeripartum depression (PPD) impacts around 12% of women globally and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. However, there are currently no accurate methods in use to identify women at high risk for depressive symptoms on an individual level. An initial study was done to assess the value of deep learning models to predict perinatal depression from women at six weeks postpartum. Clinical, demographic, and psychometric questionnaire data was obtained from the “Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition during Pregnancy and the Puerperium†(BASIC) cohort, collected from 2009-2018 in Uppsala, Sweden. An ensemble of artificial neural networks and decision trees-based classifiers with majority voting gave the best and balanced results, with nearly 75% accuracy. Predictive variables identified in this study were used to inform the development of the ongoing Swedish Mom2B study.ObjectivesThe aim of the Mom2be study is to use digital phenotyping data collected via the Mom2B mobile app to evaluate predictive models of the risk of perinatal depression.MethodsIn the Mom2B app, clinical, sociodemographic and psychometric information is collected through questionnaires, including the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Audio recordings are recurrently obtained upon prompts, and passive data from smartphone sensors and activity logs, reflecting social-media activity and mobility patterns. Subsequently, we will implement and evaluate advanced machine learning and deep learning models to predict the risk of PPD in the third pregnancy trimester, as well as during the early and late postpartum period, and identify variables with the strongest predictive value.ResultsAnalyses are ongoing.ConclusionsPending results.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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| 2. |
- Friberg von Sydow, Rikard, 1978-
(författare)
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"Might relapse today" : The Categorization of discussions in the r/benzorecovery subreddit
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65, s. S828-S829
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionThe social media platform Reddit is a contemporary context where we have an opportunity to identify problems experienced by people regarding different aspects of life. The platform is virtually anonymous which might make users discuss their problems more freely. Reddit is divided in subreddits where different subjects are discussed and the discussions are controlled by creators and moderators. I have identified a quite active subreddit targeted towards recovering addicts of benzodiazepines; r/benzorecovery.ObjectivesTo analyze strategies of recovery in user narrativeTo identify techniques commonly used and the how they are describedTo construct metadata in order to assess how frequent the discussion of a different techniques are.MethodsTechnically, what is done in this study, is adding mark-up metadata to different discussion. A rudimentary form of analysis suitable with a larger digital corpus where content metadata is added (Gilliland Swetland 2000). The metadata is constructed through a hermeneutical method in which the researcher analyses the subreddit.ResultsAnswering question like:(Example)DIY-tapering; different ways to limit drug use by using less.1) how common are discussion of taperings in relation to other subjects?2) Is tapering commonly discussed together with other subjects and techniques?ConclusionsUsing a method of categorization and metadata mark-up we could gain a good understanding of the problems among recovering benzodiazepine addicts. We will also have the possibility to identify concepts that addicts themselves discuss and relate these to professional concepts thus creating better possibilities of communication between professionals and clients.
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| 3. |
- Glans, M., et al.
(författare)
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Symptomatic generalised joint hypermobility and autism spectrum disorder are associated in adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:Suppl. 1, s. S452-S452
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Intriguingly, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and symptomatic generalised joint hypermobility (S-GJH) (e.g. hypermobility spectrum disorders and Ehlers Danlos Syndrome) share several clinical manifestations including motor difficulties, sensory hypersensitivity and autonomic dysfunction. Moreover, many syndromic forms of ASD manifest a hypermobile phenotype. Despite the increased interest in the area, few systematic studies are available.Objectives: This large cross-sectional comparative study aimed to examine the association between S-GJH and ASD in adults.Methods: We assessed GJH by physical examination using the Beighton Scoring System (BSS) and collected data on musculoskeletal symptoms and skin abnormalities amongst 156 adult patients with ASD and 413 adult community controls. A proxy for S-GJH was created by combining a positive BSS with at least one additional musculoskeletal symptom or skin abnormality.Results: The prevalence of S-GJH was significantly higher amongst patients with ASD than amongst controls (16.7% vs 4.8%, p< .001). A logistic regression model, adjusting for candidate covariates of GJH (age, sex, race), revealed a significant influence of ASD on S-GJH with adjusted odds ratio of 5.4 (95% CI 2.8-10.5, p< .001).Conclusions: ASD and S-GJH are associated in adults. If recognised, musculoskeletal complications related to S-GJH can be relieved by physiotherapy. Clinicians should be familiar with that symptoms frequently occurring in GJH such as pain, fatigue and orthostatic intolerance may mimic or aggravate psychiatric symptoms (e.g. depression, anxiety). Knowledge about comorbidities may provide clues to underlying aethiopathological factors. Future research to clarify the mechanisms behind this association and to evaluate how comorbid S-GJH affects ASD outcome is warranted.
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| 4. |
- Glans, M., et al.
(författare)
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Tattooing and piercing are associated with symptoms of ADHD : A cross-sectional study of non-clinical adults
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:Suppl. 1, s. S84-S85
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Previous studies suggest that individuals with tattoos and piercings exhibit higher impulsive personality traits compared to peers without body modifications. No studies on body modifications and core-symptoms of ADHD are available.Objectives: This study aimed to compare self-reported ADHD symptoms between non-clinical adults with and without body modifications.Methods: A non-clinical adult Swedish population (n=815) completed the Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS-v1.1) and answered questions concerning body modification. ADHD diagnosis served as exclusion criterion. Three grouping variables were analysed separately; tattoo status, piercing status and a combination of having both tattoo and piercing. Linear regression compared mean ASRS total- and subscale scores between individuals with and without body modification according to each grouping variable, while adjusting for candidate covariates age and sex.Results: The prevalence of each body modification variable was; 30% for tattoo, 18% for piercing other than earlobe and 12% for combination of tattoo and piercing. Any combination of body modification was associated with significantly higher ASRS total- and subscale scores compared to no body modification. The most pronounced differences between groups were for the combination of tattoo and piercing, and on the hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) subscale; revealing adjusted mean differences of 4.3 points (range 0-72) on the ASRS-total score (p <0.001) and 2.6 points (range 0-36) on the ASRS HI subscale (p <0.001).Conclusions: Body modification was associated with more pronounced ADHD core symptoms amongst non-clinical adults. Although statistically significant, the clinical significance is uncertain. The prevalence rates of body modifications in our cohort indicate that they are becoming cultural normal.
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| 5. |
- Kuosmanen, L., et al.
(författare)
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Development process of artificial intelligence based chatbot to support and promote mental wellbeing in sparsely populated areas of five European countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1, SI, s. 168-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionIn many countries, people face problems regarding access to care, 24/7 support and evidence-based support. Digital interventions and services, such as chatbots, can be one option to tackle these challenges. There is a lack knowledge regarding how mental health chatbots are developed and how to ensure that there is collaboration between mental health and digital technology experts and users.ObjectivesThis presentation describes the phases of the development for the ChatPal mental health and wellbeing chatbot.MethodsDevelopment process was conducted in five and with four different languages. First, using an electronic survey for mental health professionals (n =190) we screened how familiar they are with chatbots and how they evaluated their potential. Second, university students and staff, mental health professionals and service users (n=78) participated in workshops to design the chatbot content. Finally, the content and scripts of chatbot were written in multi-professional and multi-national collaboration.ResultsChatPal is based on the PERMAH model of positive psychology and on the idea that we all have mental health which needs boosting and support from time to time. ChatPal includes relevant mental health information, exercises, mood diaries and simple monitoring and self-care tools. Based on preliminary evaluations, the ChatPal chatbot offers an option to offer support in areas where other mental health services are lacking or are insufficient.ConclusionsChatPal is already freely available in application stores and first scientific trials are have started. Preliminary results of 4-week and subsequent 12-week in-the-wild trials will be in place at the time of EPA 2022 conference.
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| 6. |
- Nieminen, H., et al.
(författare)
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Coproducing multilingual conversational scripts for a mental wellbeing chatbot - where healthcare domain experts become chatbot designers
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1, SI, s. 293-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionDigital mental health interventions, such as chatbots that promote mental health and wellbeing are a promising way to deliver low-threshold support 24/7 for those in need. According to current knowledge about the topic, health care professionals should participate in the design and development processes for digital interventions.ObjectivesThe aim of this presentation is to describe the interdisciplinary content development process of the ChatPal chatbot.MethodsThe content development process started in co-operation with mental health professionals and potential users to identify requirements. Content was created, evaluated and tested in international, multi-disciplinary group workshops, and online tools were used to allow the collaboration. Initial conversational scripts were drafted in English, and translated into Finnish, Swedish and Scottish Gaelic.ResultsA multilingual chatbot was developed and the conversation scripts were structured and stored using a spreadsheet. The conversation scripts will be made freely available online in due course using this structured approach to formatting chatbot dialogue content. It will allow repurposing the content as well as facilitating studies that wish to assess the design of conversation scripts for mental health chatbots. Conversation design process also highlighted some challenges in turning empathetic and supportive conversations to short utterances suitable for a chatbot.ConclusionsThe ChatPal chatbot is now available in four languages. As literature about the topic is still scarce, it is important to describe and document the content development processes of mental health chatbots. Future work will develop a conversational UX toolkit that would allow health professionals to design chatbot scripts using design guidelines.
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| 7. |
- Påhlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Increased Risk for Substance Use-Related Problems in Mild Intellectual Disability : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:Suppl. 1, s. S79-S80
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Intellectual disability (ID) has been linked to substance use-related problems (SUP). However, previous research is limited by the small sample sizes, lack of general population comparison and have not accounted for familial confoundings. The role of other psychiatric comorbidities also remains unknown.Objectives: To examine the risk of SUP in individuals with mild-ID and assess whether the associations depend on other psychiatric comorbidities, controlling for potential familial confounding.Methods: Population-based cohort study of individuals born in Sweden 1973-2003. We identified 19,078 individuals with mild-ID, 953,900 reference individuals from the general population, and 20,722 full-siblings of individuals with mild-ID. Conditional logistic regression models were used to compare individuals with mild-ID to the general population and their full-siblings regarding the risk of SUP, including alcohol and substance use disorders, alcohol and substance-related somatic diseases, substance-related crime, and substance-related death. Analyses were repeated stratified by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities.Results: Individuals with mild-ID had increased risks of any SUP (adjusted OR [95%CI]: 1.41 [1.35, 1.47]), compared to the general population, including alcohol-related somatic diseases (3.27 [1.92, 5.59]), alcohol (2.05 [1.91, 2.22]) and drug-use disorder (1.79 [1.69, 1.91]), and alcohol (1.36 [1.19, 1.49]) and drug-related crime (1.27 [1.19, 1.36]). The risk of SUP for individuals with mild ID was particularly elevated with comorbid mood (3.74 [3.47, 4.04]), anxiety (3.30 [3.09, 3.53]) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (2.61 [2.44, 2.80]). Increased risk of SUP remained significant when controlling for familial confounding.Conclusions: Individuals with mild-ID, especially those with other psychiatric comorbidities, are at increased risks of SUP.
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| 8. |
- Seker, Süheyla, et al.
(författare)
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Mental disorders into adulthood among adolescents placed in residential care : A prospective 10-year follow-up study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Child welfare and juvenile justice placed youths show high levels of psychosocial burden and high rates of mental disorders. It remains unclear how mental disorders develop into adulthood in these populations. The aim was to present the rates of mental disorders in adolescence and adulthood in child welfare and juvenile justice samples and to examine their mental health trajectories from adolescence into adulthood.Methods. Seventy adolescents in shared residential care, placed by child welfare (n = 52, mean age = 15 years) or juvenile justice (n = 18, mean age = 17 years) authorities, were followed up into adulthood (child welfare: mean age = 25 years; juvenile justice: mean age = 27 years). Mental disorders were assessed based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses at baseline and at follow-up. Epidemiological information on mental disorders was presented for each group. Bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling for the relationship of mental disorders were performed.Results. In the total sample, prevalence rates of 73% and 86% for any mental disorder were found in adolescence (child welfare: 70%; juvenile justice: 83%) and adulthood (child welfare: 83%; juvenile justice: 94%) respectively. General psychopathology was found to be stable from adolescence into adulthood in both samples.Conclusions. Our findings showed high prevalence rates and a high stability of general psychopathology into adulthood among child welfare and juvenile justice adolescents in Swiss residential care. Therefore, continuity of mental health care and well-prepared transitions into adulthood for such individuals is highly warranted.
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| 9. |
- Strawbridge, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Care pathways for people with major depressive disorder : A European Brain Council Value of Treatment study
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite well-established guidelines for managing major depressive disorder, its extensive disability burden persists. This Value of Treatment mission from the European Brain Council aimed to elucidate the nature and extent of gaps between best-practice and current-practice care, specifically to: 1. Identify current treatment gaps along the care pathway and determine the extent of these gaps in comparison with the stepped-care model and 2. Recommend policies intending to better meet patient needs (i.e., minimize treatment gaps). Methods After agreement upon a set of relevant treatment gaps, data pertaining to each gap were gathered and synthesized from several sources across six European countries. Subsequently, a modified Delphi approach was undertaken to attain consensus among an expert panel on proposed recommendations for minimizing treatment gaps. Results Four recommendations were made to increase the depression diagnosis rate (from ∼50% episodes), aiming to both increase the number of patients seeking help, and the likelihood of a practitioner to correctly detect depression. These should reduce time to treatment (from ∼1 to ∼8Â years after illness onset) and increase rates of treatment; nine further recommendations aimed to increase rates of treatment (from ∼25 to ∼50% of patients currently treated), mainly focused on targeting the best treatment to each patient. To improve follow-up after treatment initiation (from ∼30 to ∼65% followed up within 3Af; months), seven recommendations focused on increasing continuity of care. For those not responding, 10 recommendations focused on ensuring access to more specialist care (currently at rates of ∼5-25% of patients). Conclusions The treatment gaps in depression care are substantial and concerning, from the proportion of people not entering care pathways to those stagnating in primary care with impairing and persistent illness. A wide range of recommendations can be made to enhance care throughout the pathway.
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| 10. |
- Yang, Wenzhe, et al.
(författare)
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Association of depression with mortality in nationwide twins : The mediating role of dementia
- 2022
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The differential impact of depression across different periods in life on mortality remains inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association of depression that occurs at different age with all-cause mortality, and to explore the roles of dementia, as well as genetic and early-life environmental factors, in this association.Methods. From the Swedish Twin Registry, 44,919 twin individuals were followed for up to 18 years. Depression was ascertained using the National Patient Registry and categorized as early-life (<45 years), midlife (45-64 years), and late-life (>= 65 years) depression according to the age of the first diagnosis. Deaths were identified through the Cause of Death Register. Generalized estimating equation, generalized structural equation, and conditional logistic regression were used for unmatched, mediation, and co-twin matched analyses, respectively.Results. In unmatched analyses, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality were 1.71 (1.46-2.00) for depression at any age, 1.72 (1.36-2.17) for early-life, 1.51 (1.19-1.90) for midlife, and 4.10 (2.02-8.34) for late-life depression. Mortality was significantly higher in individuals with late-life depression than those with earlier-life depression (p < 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that 59.83% of the depression-mortality association was mediated by dementia. No significant difference in ORs between the unmatched and co-twin matched analyses was observed (p = 0.09).Conclusions. Depression is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, and dementia mediates approximately 60% of the impact of depression on mortality in late life. Genetic and early-life environmental factors may not play a significant role in the depression-mortality association.
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