| 1. |
- Salles-Filho, Sergio Luiz Monteiro, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring and Evaluation as a Way to Complete and to Implement a Policy : The Case of Brazilian National Innovation Policy
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present National Innovation Policy (henceforth called PNI) was instituted in Brazil by Decree No. 10.537, of October 28, 2020, within the federal public administration. The policy's objective is to guide, coordinate and articulate strategies, programs, and actions across several public entities to foster innovation in the productive sector. Thus, it aims to increase the productivity and competitiveness of companies and other institutions throughout the innovation process. The policy is structured around six axes: funding innovation, innovation culture, technological background, market development, educational systems, and intellectual property. Objectives and guidelines are defined for each of these Axes. However, neither a previous Theory of Change, a Logical Framework, nor a monitoring and evaluation system was established to guide the implementation. Operationally speaking, the policy was implemented by gathering ongoing actions from eighteen different federal ministries and agencies and then assigning them to the axes above. It was an ad hoc measure to put the policy into practice. As can be inferred, the selected actions did not emerge as a breakdown from axes. In 2021 the design and implementation of a monitoring and evaluation model (M&E) were commissioned to an independent evaluation group. The objective was to develop an original methodology and indicators for monitoring and evaluating outputs, outcomes and impacts of the PNI. The challenge of the model is twofold: to adjust the matching amongst actions, axes, and the policy's objectives, and to implement a common framework for M&E able to coordinate the involved agencies. A Theory of Change and a Logical Framework were ex-post designed and validated, and based on these references, the model was conceived. It defined a classical template for monitoring the ongoing actions (using flags and lights according to execution), adding indicators of outcomes and impacts. It is an integrated M&E model that, once implemented, will require that new actions be justified not only in terms of their outputs but also on the expected outcomes and impacts. Standard indicators of science, technology and innovation outcomes and impacts from different sources as for OECD, UNESCO, Global Innovation Index and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG/UN) have been gathered and organized to be employed in the M&E process. Non-standard indicators are also foreseen so that the model can measure internationally comparable and specific indicators. The whole model is now under development and validation among stakeholders. We expect this process to go beyond the domain of M&E and influences the way priorities are defined, and governance is established and run. By involving different actors, incorporating the SDGs into the policy's core, the evaluation process facilitated the policy's implementation and coordination. Furthermore, the articulation between the different stakeholders, promoted by the M&E, minimized fragmentation and uncoordinated actions within the scope of the policy's formulation. It is in this sense that the evaluation process is a way to transform the policy itself
|
|
| 2. |
- Basso, Marcos Fernando, et al.
(författare)
-
Overexpression of a soybean Globin (GmGlb1-1) gene reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Planta. - : SPRINGER. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 256:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-symbiotic globin class #1 (Glb1) genes are expressed in different plant organs, have a high affinity for oxygen, and are related to nitric oxide (NO) turnover. Previous studies showed that soybean Glb1 genes are upregulated in soybean plants under flooding conditions. Herein, the GmGlb1-1 gene was identified in soybean as being upregulated in the nematode-resistant genotype PI595099 compared to the nematode-susceptible cultivar BRS133 during plant parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita. The Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum transgenic lines overexpressing the GmGlb1-1 gene showed reduced susceptibility to M. incognita. Consistently, gall morphology data indicated that pJ2 nematodes that infected the transgenic lines showed developmental alterations and delayed parasitism progress. Although no significant changes in biomass and seed yield were detected, the transgenic lines showed an elongated, etiolation-like growth under well-irrigation, and also developed more axillary roots under flooding conditions. In addition, transgenic lines showed upregulation of some important genes involved in plant defense response to oxidative stress. In agreement, higher hydrogen peroxide accumulation and reduced activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification enzymes were also observed in these transgenic lines. Thus, based on our data and previous studies, it was hypothesized that constitutive overexpression of the GmGlb1-1 gene can interfere in the dynamics of ROS production and NO scavenging, enhancing the acquired systemic acclimation to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improving the cellular homeostasis. Therefore, these collective data suggest that ectopic or nematode-induced overexpression, or enhanced expression of the GmGlb1-1 gene using CRISPR/dCas9 offers great potential for application in commercial soybean cultivars aiming to reduce plant susceptibility to M. incognita.
|
|
| 3. |
- De Marco, O., et al.
(författare)
-
The messy death of a multiple star system and the resulting planetary nebula as observed by JWST
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 6:12, s. 1421-1432
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planetary nebulae—the ejected envelopes of red giant stars—provide us with a history of the last, mass-losing phases of 90% of stars initially more massive than the Sun. Here we analyse images of the planetary nebula NGC 3132 from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Early Release Observations. A structured, extended hydrogen halo surrounding an ionized central bubble is imprinted with spiral structures, probably shaped by a low-mass companion orbiting the central star at about 40–60 au. The images also reveal a mid-infrared excess at the central star, interpreted as a dusty disk, which is indicative of an interaction with another closer companion. Including the previously known A-type visual companion, the progenitor of the NGC 3132 planetary nebula must have been at least a stellar quartet. The JWST images allow us to generate a model of the illumination, ionization and hydrodynamics of the molecular halo, demonstrating the power of JWST to investigate complex stellar outflows. Furthermore, new measurements of the A-type visual companion allow us to derive the value for the mass of the progenitor of a central star with excellent precision: 2.86 ± 0.06 M⊙. These results serve as pathfinders for future JWST observations of planetary nebulae, providing unique insight into fundamental astrophysical processes including colliding winds and binary star interactions, with implications for supernovae and gravitational-wave systems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Graca, Marisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing urban green spaces for climate adaptation : A critical review of research outputs
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0955. ; 42
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban green spaces provide important contributions to enhance climate adaptation, and therefore research in this area has increased exponentially in the last decades. While several studies showed that the morphology and type of living and built elements of urban green spaces greatly affect their performance, a persistent gap between theory and practice continues to pervade the design of green spaces. This study conducts a semi-systematic review of research published in the last decade to investigate to what extent recent research has produced evidence-based outputs relevant to practitioners concerning the design of outdoor urban green spaces in the context of climate adaptation. An innovative design-oriented approach is subsequently applied to critically review evidence-based research outputs considering a comprehensive spectrum of climate impacts and adaptation measures. Our specific objectives are to: i) identify evidence-based research outputs of relevance to practitioners according to type of climatic impact; ii) assess the level of relevance and geographical transferability of such outputs to support the design of urban green spaces; and iii) identify key challenges that might hinder the implementation of evidence-based guidelines. Our results support a call to align research to confront the wicked gap between scientific research and implementation in design practice.
|
|
| 5. |
- Neset, Tina-Simone, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Navigating urban heat – Assessing the potential of a pedestrian routing tool
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier. - 2212-0955. ; 46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities are experiencing unprecedented climate impacts related to increasing temperatures, which vary within a city due to the heterogenous nature of urban environments. Adapting urban areas to heat requires efforts on multiple levels from urban governance, spatial planning and design to adapting everyday activities. This paper presents the prototype of a pedestrian routing tool to support citizens in navigating urban heat, and the results of tests and interviews with 24 practitioners and experts in Portugal and Sweden. The study aims to assess how and to what extent a navigation tool on urban heat could support urban climate risk management, and to evaluate the potential of the tool to support everyday adaptation and increase citizen engagement. We explore what functionality and additional information would be required to make the tool useful and relevant for different user groups. Results indicate that (i) climate services that fit in your pocket increase access to climate information and have potential to guide everyday adaptation practices; and (ii) applications need to be contextualized and tailored to match the needs and decision contexts of the user through integration of relevant information or tools.
|
|
| 6. |
- Travaglini, Gabriele, et al.
(författare)
-
The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics A. - : IOP Publishing. - 1751-8113 .- 1751-8121. ; 55:44
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an introduction to, and invitation to read, a series of review articles on scattering amplitudes in gauge theory, gravity, and superstring theory. Our aim is to provide an overview of the field, from basic aspects to a selection of current (2022) research and developments.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
