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- de la Torre, M., et al.
(författare)
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Elevated expression of estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) compared with malignant and benign prostatic epithelia
- 1994
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 25:3, s. 125-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of estramustine-binding protein (EMBP) was studied immunohistochemically in whole-mount prostate sections. Specimens were taken from the prostates of 15 patients who had undergone total prostatectomy due to localized (TOd-T2 NO MO) prostatic cancer (PC). Almost all the examined whole-mount sections displayed areas with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). PIN is regarded as the main precursor of invasive PC. High- and low-grade PIN expressed EMBP. The average positively stained areas accounted for averages of 69.2% and 48.7%, respectively. High-grade PIN contained the highest EMBP levels of all the investigated (benign and malignant) epithelia, followed by moderately differentiated PC. With regard to areas with PC, the highest levels of EMBP expression (61.3%) were observed in moderately differentiated PC; poorly differentiated PC came second. Of all the examined epithelia, EMBP levels were lowest in well-differentiated PC (25.8%). Normal prostatic epithelia and hyperplasia were characterized by low EMBP expression, although somewhat higher than well-differentiated PC. A moderate expression (45%) was observed in the seminal vesicles. According to these results, EMBP was expressed mainly in the diseased peripheral zone (PZ), where PIN and prostatic cancer have their highest prevalence.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kirkhorn, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of digital radiographs by means of ink jet-printed paper copies : Pilot study
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Digital Imaging. - 0897-1889. ; 5:4, s. 246-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different digital medical images have been printed on paper with a continuous ink jet printer, and the quality has been evaluated. The emphasis has been on digital chest radiographs from a computed radiography system. The ink jet printing technique is described as well as the handling of the image data from image source to printer. Different versions of paper prints and viewing conditions were compared to find the optimum alternative. The evaluation has been performed to maximize the quality of the paper images to make them conform with the corresponding film prints and monitor images as much as possible. The continuous ink jet technique offers high-quality prints on paper at a considerably lower cost per copy compared with the cost of a film print. With a future switch-over from diagnosing of digital images on film to diagnosing them on monitors, hard copies for demonstration purposes will occasionally be needed. This need can be filled by ink jetprinted paper copies.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Jan Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Fledging in altricial birds : Parental manipulation or sibling competition?
- 1993
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Ingår i: Animal Behaviour. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-3472. ; 46:2, s. 379-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In altricial birds, the period of parental investment covers three distinctly separated phases: Incubation, feeding of nestlings, and feeding of fledglings in the family group. The transition between the latter two phases occurs when the brood fledges and leaves the nest. To investigate which party, parents or offspring, initiates nest leaving, different-aged broods were swopped between nestboxes in two passerine bird species, the marsh tit, Parus palustris, and the pied flycatcher, Ficedula hypoleuca. Parents did not try to manipulate nestlings into nest leaving; fledging was thus independent of the level of parental investment. Instead, fledging occurred when one of the nestlings, which had reached a certain threshold size, left the nest in order to approach the parents and obtain additional feedings at the expense of its siblings. It is suggested that the fledging time of altricial birds is determined by energetic considerations and by sibling competition. Since fledging also represents the juvenile's transition from an inactive to an active party in the parent-offspring interaction, it is also to be considered as an escalation of the parent-offspring conflict.
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