| 1. |
- Stoltz, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Favourite places for outdoor recreation: Weak correlations between perceived qualities and structural landscape characteristics in Swedish PPGIS study
- 2024
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Ingår i: People and Nature. - 2575-8314. ; 6, s. 269-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Connections between outdoor recreation and various health and well-being benefits are well established. However, questions remain regarding which landscape characteristics that best predict places in the landscape that correspond to people's needs and preferences. The perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) model proposes eight basic perceived qualities that people commonly seek in outdoor environments to support complementary needs: a Natural, a Cultural, a Cohesive, a Diverse, a Sheltered, an Open, a Serene and a Social quality respectively.2. These PSDs have increasingly been suggested as a tool for green space assessment and planning. How strongly they correlate with objective landscape characteristics is, however, still an open question. We surveyed recreationists in Sweden, tasking them with noting their favourite places on a map (n = 275), and to report the degree to which the PSDs were present. The qualities typically reported as most prominent at these places were Open, Serene and Sheltered, while the least prominent were Social and Cultural.3. A cluster analysis further revealed that favourite places could be classified into two main groups regarding perceived qualities. One associated with presumably more restorative qualities, emphasising Natural and Serene settings, the other instead suggesting a more outward-directed experience, strong in the perceived Social and Cultural dimensions.4. Machine learning models, however, revealed weak links between objective landscape characteristics and perceived qualities, with stronger correlations found with attributes connected to personal characteristics, such as the degrees to which a person identifies as nature or urban oriented.5. Although largely confirming the basic relations between the PSDs suggested by earlier studies, our results cast some doubt on the way they often have been understood and used, as describing an 'objective' truth of places, rather than representing qualities that largely emanate from the individual experience. Our results instead confirm previous reports of weak general links between objective landscape measures and perceived qualities.
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| 2. |
- Clausen, Bettina Hjelm, et al.
(författare)
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Fumarate decreases edema volume and improves functional outcome after experimental stroke
- 2017
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886. ; 295, s. 144-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Oxidative stress and inflammation exacerbate tissue damage in the brain after ischemic stroke. Dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) and its metabolite monomethyl-fumarate (MMF) are known to stimulate anti-oxidant pathways and modulate inflammatory responses. Considering these dual effects of fumarates, we examined the effect of MMF treatment after ischemic stroke in mice. Methods Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was performed using adult, male C57BL/6 mice. Thirty minutes after pMCAO, 20 mg/kg MMF was administered intravenously. Outcomes were evaluated 6, 24 and 48 h after pMCAO. First, we examined whether a bolus of MMF was capable of changing expression of kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 in the infarcted brain. Next, we studied the effect of MMF on functional recovery. To explore mechanisms potentially influencing functional changes, we examined infarct volumes, edema formation, the expression of heat shock protein (Hsp)72, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (Hcar2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the infarcted brain using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Concentrations of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TNF) were examined in both the infarcted brain tissue and plasma samples 6, 24 and 48 h after pMCAO using multiplex electrochemoluminiscence analysis. Results Administration of MMF increased the protein level of Nrf2 6 h after pMCAO, and improved functional outcome at 24 and 48 h after pMCAO. MMF treatment did not influence infarct size, however reduced edema volume at both 24 and 48 h after pMCAO. MMF treatment resulted in increased Hsp72 expression in the brain 6 h after pMCAO. Hcar2 mRNA levels increased significantly 24 h after pMCAO, but were not different between saline- and MMF-treated mice. MMF treatment also increased the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the brain and plasma 6 h after pMCAO, and additionally reduced the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p70 in the brain at 24 and 48 h after pMCAO. Conclusions A single intravenous bolus of MMF improved sensory-motor function after ischemic stroke, reduced edema formation, and increased the levels of the neuroprotective protein Hsp72 in the brain. The early increase in IL-10 and reduction in IL-12p70 in the brain combined with changes in systemic cytokine levels may also contribute to the functional recovery after pMCAO.
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| 3. |
- Carrera, Caty, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a clinical-genetics score to predict hemorrhagic transformations after rtPA.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 93:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To validate the Genot-PA score, a clinical-genetic logistic regression score that stratifies the thrombolytic therapy safety, in a new cohort of patients with stroke.We enrolled 1,482 recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA)-treated patients with stroke in Spain and Finland from 2003 to 2016. Cohorts were analyzed on the basis of ethnicity and therapy: Spanish patients treated with IV rtPA within 4.5 hours of onset (cohort A and B) or rtPA in combination with mechanical thrombectomy within 6 hours of onset (cohort C) and Finnish participants treated with IV rtPA within 4.5 hours of onset (cohort D). The Genot-PA score was calculated, and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) risks were determined for each score stratum.Genot-PA score was tested in 1,324 (cohort A, n = 726; B, n = 334; C, n = 54; and D, n = 210) patients who had enough information to complete the score. Of these, 213 (16.1%) participants developed HT and 85 (6.4%) developed PH. In cohorts A, B, and D, HT occurrence was predicted by the score (p = 2.02 × 10-6, p = 0.023, p = 0.033); PH prediction was associated in cohorts A through C (p = 0.012, p = 0.034, p = 5.32 × 10-4). Increased frequency of PH events from the lowest to the highest risk group was found (cohort A 4%-15.7%, cohort B 1.5%-18.2%, cohort C 0%-100%). The best odds ratio for PH prediction in the highest-risk group was obtained in cohort A (odds ratio 5.16, 95% confidence interval 1.46-18.08, p = 0.009).The Genot-PA score predicts HT in patients with stroke treated with IV rtPA. Moreover, in an exploratory study, the score was associated with PH risk in mechanical thrombectomy-treated patients.
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| 4. |
- Hoffmann, Mikael
(författare)
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Risk Talk : On Communicating Benefits and Harms in Health Care
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most critical elements in empowering the patient, and ensuring concordance, is communication of the possible benefits and harms of different actions in health care. Risk assessment is a complex task due both to the different interpretations of the concept of risk, and the common lack of hard facts. Hormone, or hormone replacement, therapy (HT) is used by many women in, and after, the menopause. The benefits and possible harms associated with short and long term treatment with HT have been extensively discussed the last decade and the use of HT has decreased dramatically internationally the last few years.The aims of this thesis were to study the interaction between patient and physician when discussing risks and benefits of different treatment alternatives, and to suggest strategies to improve risk communication in clinical practice. The studies have focused on how risks and benefits with HT were communicated between women and physicians during firsttime consultations in 1999- 2000 on this subject (20 women, 5 gynaecologists), and through questionnaires how attitudes towards HT have changed between 1999 (n=1,760) and 2003 (n=1,733) among women entering the menopause (53-54 years).Through a qualitative analysis of the risk communication in the consultations a system was constructed to classify how risk is communicated in relation to benefits. This was used to assess and present differences in risk communication in the consultations. Different rhetorical strategies by the physicians were identified and the dominating tendency was a move from the woman’s current problems to the long-term effects of HT.The questionnaires showed a marked difference in attitudes towards HT between the years. In 2003 women perceived HT to be associated with higher risk and less benefits than in 1999. This correlated to a drastic reduction in the use of HT over the same period. Media was the most frequent source of information about HT during the last twelve months before the questionnaire in 2003.Possible explanations for the different attitudes towards HT between women entering the menopause and gynaecologist; how this difference might have influenced the results; and how they may have implications for future communication strategies are discussed. This thesis illustrates the importance of a deeper understanding in health care of the concept of risk in order to achieve an adequate communication of risk. This is important both in consultations and in campaigns to educate and inform the public.
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| 5. |
- Hoffmann, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Skyrmions, Antiskyrmions and Bobbers : Novel particles in chiral magnets
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 10th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics, META 2019. - : META Conference. ; , s. 677-678
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chiral magnets are an emerging class of topological matter harbouring localized and topologically protected vortexlike magnetic textures called skyrmions, which are currently under intense scrutiny as a new entity for information storage and processing. Chirality in magnetism is introduced through the chiral symmetry breaking Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, which arizes through the spin-orbit interaction in magnets with structural bulk and interface inversion asymmetry. We have shown that chiral magnets cannot only host skyrmions but also antiskyrmions and chiral bobbers as localized magnetization particles. We present a multiscale approach relating the electronic structure to an atomistic spin-lattice model and further to micromagnetic models by means of densityfunctional calculations, derive practical criteria for their occurrence and coexistence with skyrmions and minimizing the energy on a mesoscopic scale applying varying spinrelaxation methods. We conjecture on possible materials for antiskyrmions and give experimental evidence for bobbers. The technology potential of having two distinctly different stable particles will be discussed.
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