| 1. |
- Ericsson, Kjerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Human-figure drawing (HFD) in the screening of cognitive impairment in old age
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 3:2, s. 105-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that freehand human-figure drawing (HFD), can be used as a complementary screening instrument to differentiate between demented elderly people and healthy elderly controls in population based studies.METHOD:HFD was examined in 668 elderly ( > or = 75 years of age) participants from an epidemiological study in Stockholm, who were asked to draw a human figure. The drawings were analysed on the content of body details and structural characteristics.RESULT:The results show quite clearly that the body details and the height decrease with decreasing cognitive function, whereas the centredness (the distance in cm from the centre of the figure to the centre of the paper) increases with decreasing cognitive functioning. Demented people place their figures in the upper left corner of the sheet, compared with the mostly well centred figures of non-demented people. Age, on the other hand, has an influence on the HFD as after 90 years of age most of the variables show regressive changes.CONCLUSION:The HFD can help to differentiate between demented and non-demented subjects as well as between dementia of different severity. The HFD does not help us, however, to discriminate between Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Age has an influence on the HFD in the sense that after 90 years most of the variables regress to a smaller or more primitive form.
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| 2. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Activity patterns in very old people : a survey of cognitively intact subjects aged 90 years or older
- 1999
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Ingår i: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 28:2, s. 147-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: to measure activity patterns in very old people, the factors related to this and the association of different types of activity with well-being.METHODS: a study of 105 people, aged 90 years or older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in Stockholm. The activities carried out during the previous day were recorded and each activity was rated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: the degrees of intellectual, social and physical activity are independent of each other. Very elderly people tended to have variable but relatively low activity levels over a day. Good health and not moving home were associated with greater intellectual activity. Extraversion and negative life events (such as death of close friend or family member) were associated with greater social activity, while relatively younger age and better health were associated with greater physical activity. There was positive association between physical activity and well-being.
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| 3. |
- Hillerås, Pernilla K, et al.
(författare)
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Negative and positive affect among the very old : a survey on a sample age 90 years and older
- 1998
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Ingår i: Research on Aging. - : SAGE Publications. - 0164-0275 .- 1552-7573. ; 20:5, s. 593-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to measure positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and the factors that might influence these in the very elderly. The study involved 105 people, 90 years and older, who were not cognitively impaired, living in the inner part of Stockholm. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was translated and used to measure affect. Results showed that PA and NA were virtually uncorrelated. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the factors that influence affect in the very elderly are similar to those influencing affect in younger ages and that personality traits are the major correlates of affect.
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| 4. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Intimacy--meeting needs and respecting privacy in the care of elderly people : what is a good moral attitude on the part of the nurse/carer?
- 1998
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 5:6, s. 527-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores notions of intimacy in the caring context. The aspects discussed are: privacy and intimacy; intimacy as emotional and/or physical closeness; intimacy as touch; sexual intimacy and normal ageing; sexual intimacy and patients suffering from dementia; and intimacy as trust. Examples are given and problems are identified, with reflection on the attitude and behaviour of the carer. It is suggested that when trying to make moral decisions in concrete situations it is imperative that the carer is aware of the values upon which his or her own thinking is based. It is argued that the guiding principle should be the moral assumption that the carer's responsibility can never be interpreted as a right to disregard the wishes of the patient. Hence, the key word in daily care is 'respect'.
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| 5. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Moral reasoning among professional caregivers in nursing homes
- 1995
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 17:3, s. 277-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the responses from a sample of Swedish nursing home staff workers to a hypothetical ethical conflict highlighting the issue of restraint. The responses were analyzed in two ways: first, Piaget's theory of moral development was used to differentiate between "autonomous" and "heteronomous" awareness, and second, the responses were analyzed from the perspective of ethical principles, that is, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The findings indicate that autonomous ethical awareness took precedence over heteronomous ethical awareness. The dominant moral values were the principle of beneficence, followed by the principle of autonomy.
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| 6. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing home staff attitudes to ethical conflicts with respect to patient autonomy and paternalism
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 2:2, s. 115-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six case studies on nursing home staff attitudes to patient autonomy have been analysed. The case studies are based on six polarities within autonomy, as developed by Collopy. In total, 189 professional caregivers, comprising the staff of 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, responded to questions based on the case studies. Results show that the attitudes within each professional category had a high level of internal correspondence. Nurses consistently supported patient preferences to the highest degree, followed by assistant nurses and auxiliary staff. Nurses' aides ranked lowest in supporting patient preferences. In only one of the cases were background variables of significance.
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| 7. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Organizational environment and the support of patient autonomy in nursing home care
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 22:6, s. 1149-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined how patient autonomy is associated with the organizational environment in nursing homes, particularly the organizational climate, organization of work and selected staff characteristics, such as age and experience of health care. Staff from 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, were included. The organizational climate was described by staff from two of the nursing homes that, on the basis of staff judgement, were rated as creative, and from two of the nursing homes that were rated as lacking innovation. Regarding organization of work, which included the number of patients who required to be fed, together with the incidence of pressure sores and indwelling urinary catheters, there appeared to be no difference in care from both types of nursing home. The statistical analyses showed that nursing homes characterized as significantly creative supported patient autonomy to a high degree, and that the staff's experience with health care was associated with the organizational climate.
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| 8. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of nursing home care assessed by competent nursing home patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 26:6, s. 1117-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interviews were conducted with 60 chronically ill but cognitively competent nursing home patients with a mean age of 80 years, living in 13 nursing homes in the county of Stockholm, Sweden. Quality of nursing home care was assessed through discrepancy between individual priorities (i.e. degree of perceived personal autonomy) and institutional possibility. The results show that there was a high degree of satisfaction with quality of care with regard to meal and shower routines, as well as with the possibilities to watch television, listen to the radio and feel secure. Social relations, on the other hand, was a subject which exposed large discrepancies. Most respondents believed in the importance of social relations whereas results point to a lack of intimacy in the daily living.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative empirical study of autonomy in nursing homes in Sweden and Florida, USA
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 12:4, s. 299-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study seeks to comparatively examine how autonomy is evaluated by a sample of nursing staff in both Sweden and Florida, USA. In both cultures support for patient autonomy was generally greater from an individual point of view than from the anticipated institutional perspective. Comparisons between the cultures revealed that individual staff members in the Swedish nursing homes generally gave higher priority to patient preference than did their American counterparts. On the other hand, support for patient preference was generally greater in the American nursing homes in regard to institutionally anticipated decision. There were statistically significant mean value differences between Swedish nursing staff's personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in five of six case studies. Nursing staff's personal opinion showed a stronger support for patient's preferences. There was a statistically significant mean value difference between American nursing staffs' personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in only one of the six case studies. In spite of cultural differences the reported results to some degree reflect a common value-system regarding both the anticipated institutional perspective and nursing staffs' personal opinion.
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