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Chalmers Environmental Initiative Progress Report 2001
- 2001
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Board of the Chalmers University of TechnologyFoundation decided in 1999 to invest SEK 100million in a strategic investment in the environmentwith a special focus on environmental systems analysis.This investment was entitled The ChalmersEnvironmental Initiative (CEI). Through thisenvironmental initiative Chalmers has acquired aprominent international position within environmentalsystems analysis.CEI is the result of the active research and educationthat has taken place at Chalmers over the past 10years. A broad base in combination with leadingedge technology presented the opportunity to createa very strong research programme based oninteraction between the various schools at Chalmers.As CEI is integrated into undergraduate anddoctoral programmes at Chalmers, engineers,architects and doctoral students have access, withinthe framework of their studies, to research-basedenvironmental education with a focus on asustainable society. CEI also co-operates with otherparties, such as industry, politicians, various organisationsand the general public, as a further means ofcontributing to sustainable development in society.Within CEI, seven new professors have beenappointed within the following areas:Management for SustainabilityRolf Wolff, 1 June 2000Environmental Systems TechnologyAnne-Marie Tillman, 1 September 2000Sustainable Industrial MetabolismChristian Azar, 1 September 2000Global Environmental MeasurementsDonal Murtagh, 1 November 2000Green ChemistryWilliam J. Frederick Jr, 1 August 2001Sustainable Energy SystemsFilip Johnsson, preliminary 1 October 2001Design for Sustainable Urban DevelopmentVacant: interviews during April 2001The four professors appointed in 2000 are presentedin this report as well as their declaration of intentfor the next few years. At present, the CEI professorsare involved with approximately 40 universities,institutes and industrial partners in the form ofproject co-operation and joint publications. The fourprofessors have the greater proportion of theirenvironmental research funded through externalgrants, compared to CEI. The proportion of facultyfunds and other internal Chalmers funds is at presentvery low. A summary of the financing structureis also included in this report.During 2001, various forms of co-operation wereinitiated between the professors, such as joint projectplans, doctoral students, courses and graduateschools. During autumn 2001, a residential seminaris planned for discussions within CEI as well as anopen presentation of the project and the professors.This major in-house focus on environmental researchhas attracted attention externally and contributedto the opening up of new potential in combinationwith increased expectations. Since May 1, 2000,Chalmers has been a member of the Alliance forGlobal Sustainability (AGS), an association of someof the world’s foremost universities in theenvironmental field. AGS and other platforms formthe basis for international research collaboration.CEI and other environmental activities have led tospin-off effects and contributed to increased interestin Chalmers as an environmental university.Chalmers and Göteborg University were, forexample, jointly awarded the King Carl XVI Gustafvisiting professorship in environmental science for2001-2002 and Margot Wallström received anhonorary doctorate from Chalmers in 2001. A largenumber of well-known environmental researchershave also visited Chalmers to take part inconferences and seminars, including the winners ofthe Volvo Environmental Award for 2000 and thewinner of the City of Göteborg InternationalEnvironmental Award for 2000.
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| 2. |
- Enroth, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental indicators in the newspaper industry
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Graphica. - 0353-4707 .- 1848-3828. ; 15:3-4, s. 105-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental indicators promote the eco-efficient development of companies, as demonstrated in earlier study. This study builds on a previously developed model and inventory tools for industry specific environmental indicators for the graphic arts industry.This study is based on case studies from 14 newspaper companies with experience of the use of theseindustry-specific environmental indicators in actual production.This paper presents data on industry-specific environmental indicators for the newspaper industry.The data describes the average situation and the range of values for the indicators in 14 environmentally aware newspaper companies in Sweden in 2001. The data is also grouped so as toillustrate average values for various classes:Newspaper companies with printing facilities. Newspaper companies with no printing facilities. Newspaper printing companies.In addition, a preliminary comparison has been carried out using equivalent data for the commercial printing industry.The indicators calculated for each specific company, together with average values for these indicators, have been used to identify areas for action for the various companies and to formulate action plans. The aim of this is to promote more eco-efficient activities. The study also summarizes measures already implemented at the various companies.The use of indicators within these companies has been linked with the current and predicted futureeed to communicate environmental issues. Financial and social aspects have been considered to alimited extent in the study in order to put forward the concept of sustainable development in the newspaper industry in Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Thorén, AK, et al.
(författare)
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Transport and transformation of de-icing urea from airport runways in a constructed wetland system
- 2003
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 48:5, s. 283-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urea, NH2-CO-NH2, is used as a de-icing agent at Kalmar Airport, southeast Sweden. During 1998-2001, urea contributed on average 30% of the yearly nitrogen (N) transport of 41,000 kg via Tornebybacken stream to the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. In order to reduce stream transport of N from airport, agricultural and other diffuse sources, a wetland was constructed in 1996. Annual wetland retention of total-N varied in the range of 2,500-8,1100 kg (6-36% of influent) during 1998-2001, according to mass balances calculated from monthly sampling. During airport de-icing, January-March 2001, 660 kg urea-N out of 2,600 kg applied urea-N reached the wetland according to daily sampling. This indicated that 75% of the urea was transformed before entering the wetland. Urea was found to be only a minor part (8%) of total-N in the wetland influent. Calculations of cumulative urea-N loads at the wetland inlet and outlet respectively, showed a significant urea. transformation during February 2001 with approximately 40% of the incoming urea-N being transformed in the wetland system. These results show that significant amounts of urea can be transformed in a wetland system at air temperatures around 0degreesC.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Heating Detached Houses in Urban Areas
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 28:8, s. 851-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- District heating systems using cogeneration, as well as local fuel-based and electric heating systems for detached houses, are analysed. The analysis includes the whole energy system, from the natural resource to the end user, with respect to primary energy use, emission and cost. The end-use technologies studied are heat pumps, resistance heaters and boilers. It was assumed that the base-load electricity, except for the cogenerated electricity, was produced in stand-alone power plants using wood chips or natural gas, while peak-load electricity and fuel used for transportation were produced from crude oil. The heat pump and district heating systems are found to be most energy efficient, followed by the local fuel-based systems. The wood-fuel-based systems emit about one tenth of the greenhouse gases emitted by the natural-gas-based systems. The sulphur and nitrogen oxide emission, however, is higher for wood-fuel-based systems. Systems based on natural gas are less expensive than the corresponding wood-fuel-based systems. Decarbonization and carbon dioxide sequestration, however, do not reduce the carbon dioxide emission to the low level of the wood-fuel-based systems and, in addition, make the natural-gas-based systems more expensive than the wood-fuel-based systems.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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External Costs and Taxes in Heat Supply System
- 2003
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 31:14, s. 1541-1560
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systems approach was used to compare different heating systems from a consumer perspective. The whole energy system was considered from natural resources to the required energy services. District heating, electric heat pumps, electric boilers, natural-gas-, oil- or pellet-fired local boilers were considered when supplying heat to a detached house. The district heat production included wood-chip-fired and natural-gas-fired cogeneration plants. Electricity other than cogenerated electricity was produced in wood-chip- and natural-gas-fired stand-alone power plants. The analysis includes four tax scenarios, as well as the external cost of environmental and health damage arising from energy conversion emission based on the ExternE study of the European Commission. The most cost efficient systems were the natural-gas and oil boiler systems, followed by the heat pump and district heating systems, when the external cost and taxes were excluded. When including the external costs of CO2 emission, the wood-fuel-based systems were much more cost efficient than the fossil-fuel-based systems, also when CO2 capture and storage were applied. The external costs are, however, highly uncertain. Taxes steer towards lowering energy use and lowering CO2 emission if they are levied solely on all the fossil-fuel-related emission and fuel use in the systems. If consumer electricity and heat taxes are used, the taxes have an impact on the total cost, regardless of the fuel used, thereby benefiting fuel-based local heating systems. The heat pump systems were the least affected by taxes, due to their high energy efficiency. The electric boiler systems were the least cost efficient systems, also when the external cost and taxes were included.
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| 10. |
- Morling, Stig
(författare)
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Performance of an SBR-pla nt for advanced nutrient removal, using septic sludge as a carbon source
- 2001
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 43:3, s. 131-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tjustvik SBR-plant outside Stockholm, Sweden has been in operation for four years. The plant has to meet stringent effluent standards, BOD7 < 10 PPM, total N < 15 PPM and total P < 0.3 PPM. The plant is a typical two reactor SBR-plant, sized for about 15 000 inhabitants, During the first year of operation there were difficulties in meeting the P consent level. The difficulties were linked to a deficit of available organic carbon and a secondary phosphorus release. The problem was solved with the addition of septic sludge, in an amount equivalent to about 10,000 to 15,000 inhabitants with respect to the BOD-load. The altered operation resulted in a very stable and good effluent quality from the plant that has been maintained ever since, giving typical discharge levels as follows: BOD7, < 3 mg/l; Total-P, < 0.15 mg/l; Total-N, < 7 mg/l; NH4-N,< 1 mg/l. The change of process saved the community from a major investment in a separate treatment facility for the septic sludge. The stabilisation degree of the waste activated sludge is sufficient to by pass the anaerobic digestion for the time being, In the beginning, the SBR-process stability played an unwanted role during start up as it maintained a secondary phosphorus release for a considerable time. Later the process stability became an asset as the varying loads from the septic sludge addition were handled with very good results.
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