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| 2. |
- Fors, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel in dental plaque and saliva in patients with and without orthodontic appliances.
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 28:3, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the content of nickel in the saliva and dental biofilm in young patients with and without orthodontic appliances. The possible influence of a dietary intake of nickel on recorded nickel levels was examined. Nickel content in unstimulated whole saliva and in dental plaque of 24 boys and girls (mean age 14.8 years) with intraoral fixed orthodontic appliances was compared with 24 adolescents without such an appliance. Sample collection was set up to exclude nickel contamination. Diet intake was recorded for the preceding 48 hours to account for the influence of recent nickel content in food. Saliva and plaque were analysed for nickel content using an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) method. The acidified saliva samples were analysed as Millipore-filtered saliva with filter-retained fractions and plaque following dissolution in acids. No significant difference in nickel content of filtered saliva was found between the test and the control samples (P = 0.607); the median values of nickel content were 0.005 and 0.004 mug/g saliva, respectively. On the other hand, a significant difference was found for the filter-retained fraction (P = 0.008); median values for nickel were 25.3 and 14.9 mug/g, respectively. A significant difference in nickel content between test and control samples was also found in plaque collected at various tooth sites (P = 0.001; median values 1.03 and 0.45 mug/g, respectively). A stronger difference was found when comparing plaque collected from metal-covered tooth surfaces than from enamel surfaces of orthodontic patients. No association could be found between calculated dietary intake of nickel and recorded nickel in the test and control samples. It is concluded that nickel release occurs into the dental plaque and components of saliva of orthodontic patients, a situation that may reflect time dependence of its release from orthodontic appliances into the oral cavity and an aggregation of nickel at plaque sites.
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| 3. |
- Hägglund, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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The integrated Herbst appliance-treatment effects in a group of adolescent males with Class II malocclusions compared with growth changes in an untreated control group
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 30:2, s. 120-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the effect of the integrated Herbst appliance (IHA) was examined in 30 Swedish males (mean age 14.2 +/- 0.96 years) with a Class II malocclusion. An evaluation of hand-wrist radiographs showed that the patients were in the maturation stages MP3-F, MP3-FG, or MP3-G at the start of treatment. The average treatment time with the Herbst mechanics was 0.7 years. Dentoskeletal and soft tissue parameters were analysed on lateral radiographic head films taken at the start and end of the IHA treatment. The pre- and post-Herbst values of a number of skeletal and dental variables in the treatment group were compared with the corresponding values in a group of untreated age-matched males with Class II malocclusions. Differences in the cephalometric measurements pre- and post-Herbst treatment were determined using paired t-tests. In general, the control group exhibited only minor or no changes during the period of observation, whereas treatment with the IHA resulted in statistically significant and favourable changes of the recorded variables. In the IHA patients, ANB angle was reduced on average by 2.1 degrees. However, a skeletal post-normality (ANB = 3.9 degrees) remained even though a Class I dental relationship had been obtained. In comparison with treatment effects achieved with other designs of Herbst appliances, some minor differences in the changes of the variables SNA and ML/NSL were noted in the present study. These differences could probably be attributed to the particular treatment protocol which was applied in the IHA treatments.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Anneli M, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need by Swedish orthodontists.
- 2005
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Ingår i: European journal of orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 27:2, s. 160-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the majority of orthodontists in Sweden agree with the ranking of the photographs in the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and its treatment need classification. Ten separate colour photographs (originals from the AC) and two questionnaires were sent to 272 orthodontists in Sweden. Eighty-one per cent (219) returned one or both questionnaires. One hundred and ninety-four orthodontists answered the AC 'grading of dental attractiveness' and 217 the AC 'need for orthodontic treatment' (nine of the integrated questions had to be excluded because more than one alternative had been chosen). The aesthetic ranking by the orthodontists was compared with the original AC and the deviation was estimated.The results showed that the grading of photographs 2-9 varied greatly among the orthodontists, but the agreement was almost complete for photographs 1 and 10. The establishment of treatment need for each photograph had good agreement with the original index for photographs 1, 2, and 8-10, while the majority of the orthodontists considered that photographs 5 and 7 should be treated and that photograph 6 showed a borderline case. The participating Swedish orthodontists' aesthetic ranking of the photographs was: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 7, 9, 8, and 10. Regarding treatment need, no need for treatment was set for photographs 1-4, borderline for photograph 6 and a need for treatment for photographs 5, 7-10. Further studies are needed to evaluate if laymen in Sweden make the same judgements as Swedish orthodontists.
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| 5. |
- Josefsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Factors determining perceived orthodontic treatment need in adolescents of Swedish and immigrant background
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 31:1, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between self-perceived orthodontic treatment need and malocclusion in 12 to 13-year-old-adolescents of Swedish and immigrant background. The sample consisted of 379 students, stratified according to geographic background: both parents born in A/Sweden (n = 269), B/Eastern Europe (n = 56), and C/the Middle East (n = 54). Registrations were based on a questionnaire, a clinical examination, radiographs, and patient records. Treatment need was classified according to the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Logistic regression analysis was used for comparison of the results.
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| 6. |
- Josefsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Malocclusion frequency in Swedish and immigrant adolescents : influence of origin on orthodontic treatment need
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 29:1, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has become increasingly multicultural, In the year 2000, almost 25 per cent of the child and adolescent population was of foreign origin. Such a major change in demographics may lead to altered orthodontic treatment need in the community, with implications for planning appropriate levels of orthodontic resources. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in 12- and 13-year olds of Swedish and immigrant background. The subjects, n = 493, were stratified into four groups according to family origin: (A) subject and both parents born in Sweden, and subject or at least one parent born in (B) Eastern Europe, (C) Asia, or (D) other countries. Registrations were based on available radiographs, patient records, and a clinical examination. Normative treatment need was based on a number of variables. Treatment need was expressed according to the dental health component (DHC) and aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).Group A exhibited the greatest space deficiencies and irregularities in the maxillary and mandibular anterior segments and also the greatest overjet. More primary molars had been extracted in groups B and C, with a positive correlation between early extraction of primary molars and retention of permanent successors. Self-assessed orthodontic treatment need, IOTN-AC, was highest in group A. For all four groups, the orthodontist's estimate of treatment need was significantly higher than the subjects' self-assessed need.This study confirms that, despite the change in demographics, variations in frequencies of malocclusion and treatment need among children of different cultural background are only minor and the overall orthodontic treatment need remains unchanged.
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| 8. |
- Kjellberg, Heidrun, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study of craniofacial growth in idiopathic short stature and growth hormone-deficient boys treated with growth hormone.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European journal of orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 29:3, s. 243-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this prospective, longitudinal, controlled study is to describe the long-term safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) administration on craniofacial morphology in boys with short stature. Forty-six boys, who started GH treatment at the Department of Paediatrics G?teborg Paediatric Growth Research Centre, were consecutively included in the study. Twenty-five boys were classified as growth hormone-deficient (GHD) and 21 as idiopathic short stature (ISS). The patients were injected with 33 (n=31) or 67 (n=15) microg GH/kg body weight/day. The mean age at the start of treatment was 11.8 years [standard deviation (SD) 1.7]. To assess craniofacial growth, standard lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained at the start of GH treatment, annually during 4 years, and at the end of GH treatment or when growth was less than 1 cm/year. The mean follow-up period was 6.4 years (SD 1.4). Growth changes were compared with boys from a semi-longitudinal reference group of 130 healthy subjects, 7-21 years of age. t-tests for independent and paired samples and multiple regression analysis were applied. Age- and gender-specific standard deviation scores for the cephalometric variables were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to identify significant covariates over time, such as low/high GH dose and GHD/ISS and orthodontic treatment. During the study period, eight (out of 40) boys were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, three with functional appliances (activators), and three with other appliances (plates and lingual arches). During GH treatment period, an overall enhancement in growth of the facial skeleton was observed in boys with short stature. The changes induced by GH yielded a more prognathic growth pattern, a more anterior position of the jaws in relation to the cranial base, and increased anterior rotation of the mandible. The mandibular corpus length and anterior face height of the GH-treated boys were greater at the end of the study compared with the boys in the reference group. No differences in growth response were noted either between the GHD and ISS boys or between those treated with either 33 (low dose) or 67 (high dose) microg GH/kg body weight/day. The only change that remained significantly correlated with orthodontic treatment was the alteration in mandibular ramus height, showing a larger change in the boys who had not undergone orthodontic therapy. The findings of this study demonstrate that GH treatment has a favourable influence on the craniofacial growth pattern of boys with short stature without acromegalic features.
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| 9. |
- Magnusson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion : long-term stability
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 31:2, s. 142-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes and long-term stability in patients treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) and to compare the results with a matched, untreated control group. The sample comprised consecutive study models from 31 subjects (17 males and 14 females) with a mean pre-treatment age of 25.9 years [standard deviation (SD) 9.6]. The mean follow-up time was 6.4 years (SD 3.3). The transverse distances between the maxillary canines and maxillary first molars were measured with digital sliding callipers before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1), and at follow-up (T2). The data were analysed with a Mann-Whitney U, Spearman's rho, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. At T1, all posterior crossbites were corrected and the expansions were statistically significant. At T2, despite some reduction in the transverse measurements, the posterior crossbites remained corrected. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups at T2 regarding transverse measurements, except for the distance between the mesio-buccal cusp tips of the maxillary first molars. In the treatment group, there was no significant difference in terms of reductions in the transverse dimensions over the short- or long-term, no significant correlations between age or gender and the decrease in transverse dimensions or between the degree of anterior and posterior expansion. There were no significant correlations between the degree of expansion and subsequent post-treatment decrease. The results indicate that SARME normalizes the transverse discrepancies and is stable a mean of 6 years post-treatment. The decreases in the transverse dimensions are most pronounced during the first 3 years post-treatment.
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| 10. |
- Naoumova, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Soft tissue profile changes after vertical ramus osteotomy
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 30:4, s. 359-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with mandibular prognathism have, for a number of years, been treated by orthognathic surgery and post-surgical changes in the facial profile have been widely reported. However, little is known about the influence of gender and age on the soft tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the soft tissue profile following orthognathic surgery and to evaluate gender and age differences in the ratios of soft-to-hard tissue change. Forty-two Caucasian adults (18 males and 24 females) aged from 17 to 46 years with mandibular prognathism who underwent vertical ramus osteotomy were included. Lateral cephalograms were taken 2-8 months pre- (T1) and 12-19 months post- (T2) surgically. Five skeletal, two dental, and seven soft tissue parameters were hand traced. Paired and unpaired Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the data. Due to the setback of the mandible, soft and hard tissues changed in a 1:1 ratio at the mentolabial fold and chin in females and 1:1,1 in males. Significant differences of soft-to-hard tissue ratios were found at points Pg (P < 0.05) and Gn (P < 0.01). Age effects on the ratios were not significant. Other effects of the mandibular setback on the soft tissue profile were a significant increase in facial convexity, a deepening of the mentolabial fold, an increase in lower lip thickness, and a decrease in upper lip thickness, which increased the nasolabial angle. These findings indicate that use of gender-specific ratios in treatment planning might improve the accuracy of predicting treatment results
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