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- Ambring, Anneli, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a Mediterranean-inspired diet on blood lipids, vascular function and oxidative stress in healthy subjects.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical science (London, England : 1979). - 0143-5221. ; 106:5, s. 519-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mediterranean-inspired diets have been shown to decrease cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, who frequently exhibit endothelial dysfunction. The aims of the present study are to improve endothelial function by dietary intervention in healthy subjects with lipid levels representative of a Western population. Twenty-two healthy subjects (mean total cholesterol, 5.6 mmol/l) were given a Mediterranean-inspired diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and sterol esters, but low in saturated fat, or an ordinary Swedish diet, for 4 weeks in a randomized cross-over study. The composition of the diets were: in the Swedish diet, 2090 kcal (where 1 kcal=4.184 kJ; 48% of energy from carbohydrate, 15% from protein and 36% from fat) and 19 g of fibre; in the Mediterranean-inspired diet, 1869 kcal (48% of energy from carbohydrate, 16% from protein, 34% from fat) and 40 g of fibre. After each dietary period, fasting blood lipids, insulin and glucose levels, as well as apo B (apolipoprotein B) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particle size, were analysed. Endothelial-dependent and -independent vasodilation was measured invasively by venous occlusion plethysmography, and arterial distensibility was assessed by echocardiography tracking. Fibrinolytic capacity across the forearm, as well as oxidative stress measured through urinary F(2)-isoprostane, were evaluated. Total, LDL- and apo B-cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) concentrations were decreased by 17%, 22%, 16% and 17% respectively, after the Mediterranean-inspired diet compared with the Swedish diet ( P <0.05 for all). However, no differences in plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and LDL particle size, endothelial function, arterial distensibility, fibrinolytic capacity or oxidative stress were detected. Treatment for 4 weeks with a Mediterranean-inspired diet decreased blood lipids in healthy individuals with a low-risk profile for cardiovascular disease. This beneficial effect was not mirrored in vascular function or oxidative stress evaluation.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, C, et al.
(författare)
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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity in nasal epithelial cells from cystic fibrosis patients with severe genotypes
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical science (London, England : 1979). - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 103:4, s. 417-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cystic fibrosis is a heterogenic disease, in which the phenotype can also vary for patients with the same genotype. In the present study the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in nasal epithelial cells from 19 adult patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated. All patients had severe mutations, whereby no or little functional CFTR is expected in the plasma membrane. Of the patients, 15 were homozygous for ΔF508-CFTR (i.e. CTFR lacking residue Phe-508). The others were ΔF508-heterozygous with 3659delC, 394delTT or 2183AA→G. Nasal epithelial cells, obtained by nasal brushings, were loaded with the fluorescent probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide to measure Cl- efflux. In most of the cystic fibrosis patients, forskolin plus isobutylmethylxanthine was unable to elicit any response. Unexpectedly, cells from three cystic fibrosis patients (two ΔF508/ΔF508 patients and one ΔF508/3659delC patient) responded to stimulation in a wild-type manner. It was investigated whether this residual chloride transport function was associated with a milder phenotype. Clinical parameters studied were lung function, number of antibiotic courses, Shwachman score, Bhalla score, age at chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the pattern of essential fatty acids in serum phospholipids. Unknown factors may affect the presence of functional CFTR in patients with severe CFTR mutations. However, we could not find a correlation between the response to cAMP and any of the phenotype parameters. It appears that functional cAMP transport in the nasal epithelium is no guarantee of a mild phenotype and, conversely, that a patient lacking cAMP-dependent chloride transport can develop a mild phenotype.
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| 3. |
- Barle, H, et al.
(författare)
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Albumin synthesis in humans increases immediately following the administration of endotoxin
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical science (London, England : 1979). - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 103:5, s. 525-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to investigate the immediate (i.e. within 3h) response of albumin synthesis to the administration of endotoxin, as a model of a moderate and well controlled catabolic insult, two measurements employing L-[2H5]phenylalanine were performed in 16 volunteers. One group (n = 8) received an intravenous injection of endotoxin (4ng/kg; lot EC-6) immediately after the first measurement of albumin synthesis, whereas the other group received saline. A second measurement was initiated 1h later. In the endotoxin group, the fractional synthesis rate of albumin was 6.9±0.6%/day (mean±S.D.) in the first measurement. In the second measurement, a significant increase was observed (9.6±1.2%/day; P<0.001). The corresponding values in the control group were were 6.6±0.6%/day and 7.0±0.6%/day respectively (not significant compared with first measurement and P<0.001 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). The absolute synthesis rates of albumin were 148±35 and 201±49mg·kg-1·day-1 before and after endotoxin (P<0.01). In the control group, the corresponding values were 131±21 and 132±20mg·kg-1·day-1 (not significant compared with the first measurement and P<0.01 compared with the second measurement in the endotoxin group). In conclusion, these results indicate that albumin synthesis increases in the very early phase after a catabolic insult, as represented by the administration of endotoxin.
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| 7. |
- Ekholm, M, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with ramipril reduces thrombin generation in human hypertension
- 2002
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Ingår i: Clinical science (London, England : 1979). - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 103:2, s. 151-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antihypertensive treatment reduces the risk of thromboembolic events in hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on blood coagulation in subjects with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Fibrinogen, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT) and Factor VII were determined in plasma at rest and after a mental stress test following placebo for 6 weeks, or ramipril for 6 weeks or 6 months. Ramipril reduced resting TAT, and tended to reduce fibrinogen; Factor VII remained unchanged. Mental stress increased fibrinogen, but did not alter TAT or Factor VII activity. The reduced thrombin generation in patients taking ramipril may explain in part why angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce thromboembolic complications in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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