| 1. |
- Hoskisson, Robert E., et al.
(författare)
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Managerial risk taking : A multi-theoretical review and future research agenda
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : Sage Publications. - 0149-2063 .- 1557-1211. ; 43:1, s. 137-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managerial risk taking is a critical aspect of strategic management. To improve competitive advantage and performance, managers need to take risks, often in an uncertain environment. Formal economic assumptions of risk taking suggest that if the expected values for two strategies are similar but one is a greater gamble (uncertain), managers will choose the strategy with a more certain outcome. Based on these assumptions, agency theory assumes that top managers should be compensated or monitored to achieve better outcomes. We review the theory and research on agency theory and managerial risk taking along with theories that challenge this basic assumption about risk taking: the behavioral theory of the firm, prospect theory, the behavioral agency model and the related socioemotional wealth perspective, and upper echelons theory. We contribute to the literature by reviewing and suggesting research opportunities within and across these theories to develop a comprehensive research agenda on managerial risk taking.
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| 2. |
- Johnson, Alan, et al.
(författare)
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Social influence interpretation of interpersonal processes and team performance over time using Bayesian model selection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1211 .- 0149-2063. ; 41:2, s. 574-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The team behavior literature is ambiguous about the relations between members’ interpersonal processes—task debate and task conflict—and team performance. From a social influence perspective, we show why members’ interpersonal processes determine team performance over time in small groups. Together, over time, dissenting in-group minorities who share information (via debate) with majorities, who selectively engage with them to consider their alternative proposals (via conflict), can improve their team performance (via innovation). The Context/Comparison Model of social influence and its Leniency Contract extension to the special case of in-group minorities suggest a pattern of members’ interpersonal processes that unfolds over time to reconcile factions with the same social identity who hold different approaches to shared projects. Conditional on typical levels of task debate, we predict that: (1) in early episodes, task conflict increases the relation between task debate and team performance; (2) in middle episodes, it decreases the relation; and (3) in late episodes, it increases it again. We explore our thesis using a longitudinal design with a sample of 60 student teams (360 individuals) working together for course credit over five months (21 weeks) to write a first business plan for a new venture. We use a multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) approach with Bayesian estimation. We found support for our theory expressed in informative hypotheses using Bayesian model selection. These results were not evident from conventional graphing and post hoc statistical probing of simple slopes against the null hypothesis.
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| 3. |
- Patel, Pankaj C., et al.
(författare)
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Geographic diversification and the survival of born-globals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : Sage Publications. - 0149-2063 .- 1557-1211. ; 44:5, s. 2008-2036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The staged internationalization model posits that firms internationalize incrementally over time. However, born-globals are less likely to follow a more gradual model of staged internationalization, and they must decide on the scope of internationalization at their founding to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities on a global scale. Because returns from international expansion must be considered along with the risk of failure, we propose that born-globals’ local industry conditions moderate the relationship between the scope of intraregional diversification (geographic diversification within a region) or interregional diversification (geographic diversification across different regions) and survival. Using a sample of 680 Swedish born-globals founded in 2002, 2003, or 2004 and followed until 2010; data from Swedish Customs; and archival performance data, we find that interregional geographic diversification increases—and that intraregional diversification decreases—the likelihood of failure, which declines further when born-globals undertake intraregional geographic diversification under higher environmental dynamism in the home country industry. Conversely, undertaking interregional geographic diversification even when the home country industry is munificent increases the likelihood of failure (marginally significant). The findings are robust to several alternative specifications.
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| 4. |
- Shepherd, Dean A., et al.
(författare)
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What Are We Explaining? A Review and Agenda on Initiating, Engaging, Performing, and Contextualizing Entrepreneurship
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0149-2063 .- 1557-1211. ; 45:1, s. 159-196
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship is multifaceted. The purpose of this review is to acknowledge and critically assess the many and varied dependent variables (DVs) of entrepreneurship over the last 17 years. By focusing exclusively on systematically reviewing entrepreneurships DVs, this paper maps out, classifies, and provides order to the phenomena that scholars consider part of this self-defined field of research. Using a systematic selection process and an inductive approach to categorization, we offer a meta-framework for organizing entrepreneurships DVs. On the basis of this meta-framework, entrepreneurship involves the (a) initiation, (b) engagement, and (c) performance of entrepreneurial endeavors embedded in (d) environmental conditions in which an entrepreneurial endeavor is the investment of resources into the pursuit of a potential opportunity. For each category, we offer both a review of the different DVs and opportunities for future research.
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| 5. |
- Terjesen, Siri, et al.
(författare)
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In Search of Process Innovations : The Role of Search Depth, Search Breadth, and the Industry Environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Management. - : SAGE Publications. - 0149-2063 .- 1557-1211. ; 43:5, s. 1421-1446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although a significant corpus of work focuses on the impact of search strategies on product innovations, we have a limited understanding of search strategies for process innovations, including the potential role of the industry environment. Process innovations are central to improving a firm’s productivity and contributing to efficiency and gross domestic product growth. As a result of the complexity of identifying, developing, and implementing process innovations, firms increasingly draw on external sources of knowledge. Building on key tenets in the knowledge search, innovation, and industry environment literatures, we investigate search strategies, process innovations, and industry dynamics in a sample of 505 firms spanning 23 manufacturing industries. We find that search breadth is negatively related to process innovation outcomes and that search depth is positively related to process innovation outcomes. Furthermore, high industry process heterogeneity mitigates the negative impact of search breadth on process innovation such that firms employing broad search strategies in highly process heterogeneous industries are more likely to introduce process innovations. In industries with greater productivity growth, the positive relationship between search depth and process innovation is stronger.
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