| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08003
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector as installed in its experimental cavern at point 1 at CERN is described in this paper. A brief overview of the expected performance of the detector when the Large Hadron Collider begins operation is also presented.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Grundberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale association study between two coding LRP5 gene polymorphisms and bone phenotypes and fractures in men
- 2007
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 19:6, s. 829-837
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary Herein we investigated the association between polymorphisms in the LRP5 gene and bone phenotypes and fractures in three large male cohorts based on the rationale that mutations in LRP5 cause severe bone phenotypes. Results showed an association of the Val667Met SNP with spine BMD in 3,800 young and elderly men. Introduction The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5)-Wnt signalling system is of importance for regulating osteoblastic activity, which became clear after findings that inactivating mutations in LRP5 cause osteoporosis. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the LRP5 gene and bone mineral density (BMD) in three large cohorts of young and elderly men. Methods The cohorts used were MrOS Sweden (n = 3014, aged 69–81 years) and MrOs Hong Kong (n = 2000, aged > 65 years) and the Swedish GOOD study (n = 1068, aged 18–20 years). The polymorphisms Val667Met and Ala1330Val were genotyped using a TaqMan assay. Results When combining the data from the Swedish cohorts in a meta-analysis (n = 3,800), men carrying the 667Met-allele had 3% lower BMD at lumbar spine compared with non-carriers (p < 0.05). The Val667Met SNP was not polymorphic in the Hong Kong population and thus were not included. There were no associations between the Ala1330Val SNP and bone phenotypes in the study populations. No associations between the LRP5 polymorphisms and self-reported fractures were seen in MrOs Sweden. Conclusions Results from these three large cohorts indicate that the Val667Met polymorphism but not the Ala1330Val contributes to the observed variability in BMD in the Swedish populations.
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| 4. |
- McGuigan, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the BMP2 gene: Bone mineral density and ultrasound in young adult and elderly women
- 2007
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Ingår i: Calcified Tissue International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0827 .- 0171-967X. ; 81:4, s. 254-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) plays a key role in bone formation and maintenance. Studies of polymorphisms within the gene in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture have been inconsistent. Our aim was to investigate associations between polymorphisms in the BMP2 gene and bone mass, fracture, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures at different stages of skeletal development. Study subjects were participants of two population-based cohorts of Swedish women: the PEAK-25 cohort of young adult women aged 25 years (n = 993) and the OPRA cohort of elderly women aged 75 years (n = 1,001). We analyzed four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the BMP2 gene including the Ser37Ala SNP previously identified in relation to BMD, QUS of the calcaneus, and, in the elderly women, fracture. BMP2 gene variations were associated with QUS of bone, independent of BMD, but only in the young women. Even after adjusting for confounding factors, SNP rs235754 in the 3' region of the gene was significantly associated with the ultrasound parameters speed of sound (P = 0.003) and stiffness (P = 0.002). The 5' SNP rs235710 showed trends for QUS parameters (P = 0.02-0.07). No association with BMP2 SNPs was observed in either cohort for either BMD or fracture. While further, more extensive genotyping across the gene is recommended, as we may not have captured all information, our preliminary data suggest that variation in BMP2 may play a previously unidentified role in aspects of bone quality, which may be age- and site-dependent.
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| 5. |
- McGuigan, Fiona, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in the bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene: effects on fat and lean body mass in young and elderly women.
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 1479-683X. ; 158:5, s. 661-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) plays a critical role in osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from osteoprogenitor cells. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic effects is influenced by BMP2 concentration, transcription factors and age. BMP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to osteoporosis risk, but the relationship between adiposity and body composition has not been explored. We investigated the relationship between BMP2 polymorphisms and body composition in young and elderly women. DESIGN: Population-based association study. METHODS: Four BMP2 SNPs studied. Total body fat and lean mass measured by DEXA in two cohorts: 'PEAK-25' women aged 25 (+/-0.00) (n=993) and osteoporosis prospective risk assessment (OPRA) women aged 75 (+/-0.00) years (n=1001). RESULTS: We found no association between BMP2 SNPs and fat or lean mass, however, we observed consistent although non-significant trends. Polymorphisms, rs235767 and Ser37Ala, exerted opposing effects on most parameters of soft tissue and bone mass in both cohorts. This relationship appeared to be age specific with large differences between alleles observed (fat mass; Ser37Ala: 14.3% (PEAK-25), -3.5% (OPRA)). These initial results appear to suggest that alleles exerting a beneficial effect in young women may subsequently contribute to phenotypes associated with osteoporosis risk in elderly women. CONCLUSIONS: While further analyses in other comparative populations are necessary, in this study of almost 2000 women we observed interesting, although non-significant trends, regarding the effects of variation in the BMP2 gene on parameters of body mass. Although the exact nature of the relationship remains uncertain, we suggest that the mechanisms are influenced by age and environmental factors.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson Sköld, Helen, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Stem Cells in Asexual Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stem Cells in Marine Organisms. - Netherlands : Springer. - 9789048127665 ; , s. 105-137
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While sexual reproduction is conserved and almost ubiquitous, asexual reproduction in forms of parthenogenesis or agametic cloning from somatic tissue is less conserved. The phylogeny shows that agametic cloning is widespread but scattered with many different modes for asexual formation of a new animal. This suggests that independent forms of cloning have evolved later from sexual ancestors between and within different phyla. Here, we present an overview of agametic cloning in the marine animal kingdom and discuss molecular and evolutionary aspects of somatic stem cell usage for asexual cloning. The molecular tissue characterizations and the relative role of different stem cells involved in agametic cloning are only at its beginning with whole phyla largely uncovered. An emerging hypothesis is that the first somatic stem cells used in cloning were also able to form a germ-line and that the more limited lineage specific stem cells are derived. We discuss advantages and problems with agametic cloning from somatic tissue and propose that the levels of stem cell potential held in the tissue can have large consequences for the reproductive life cycle strategies and long-term fitness in clonal animals and strains. We finally describe suitable molecular experimental approaches for future research on this topic.
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| 7. |
- Sällberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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A Mixed Analog : Digital Hybrid for Speech Enhancement Purposes
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents and evaluates a hybrid implementation of a low complexity algorithm for speech enhancement, the Adaptive Gain Equalizer (AGE). The AGE is a subband based time domain method for instantaneous boosting of speech. By combination of digital analysis and analog synthesis, main advantages of the digital domain and the analog domain are utilized. The hybrid solution is implemented on a printed circuit board and evaluated in real-time. The development time of the proposed solution was very short, the solution is flexible, robust, has high signal bandwidth in the signal chain and does not require a Voice Activity Detector (VAD). Furthermore, the solution is not restricted by quantization errors in the signal chain and does not require a high speed Digital Signal Processor (DSP) for analysis. Informal listening tests and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) measures verify excellent speech enhancement performance and quality.
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