| 1. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with geographic tongue and fissured tongue
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 74:3, s. 210-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of systemic diseases, use of medications, allergies and tobacco habits with geographic tongue (GT) and fissured tongue (FT) lesions. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of tongue lesions and to compare the overall results for referred and non-referred patients. Methodology: Non-referred patients with GT (GTgp; n=130) and FT (FTgp; n=62) were examined by general practitioners (gp) and compared to a control group without oral mucosal lesions (C; n=1029). Referred patients with GT (GTs; n=166) and FT (FTs; n=15) were examined by oral medicine specialists (s) and compared to GTgp and FTgp. Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t-test or Fisher's exact test. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to control for age and gender as confounders. Results: Compared to the C group, GTgp patients used more anti-hypertensive medications and Swedish snus (p<0.01). The GTgp group consisted of older males (p<0.001) compared to C. Compared to the GTgp group, the GTs group was younger, more likely to have symptomatic lesions (p<0.0001) and comprised of more females. Among the groups examined, FT patients had the highest mean age. Conclusion: This study identified an association between GT and anti-hypertensive medications, as well as the use of Swedish snus. It also found differences in the activities and symptoms of the lesions between referred patients and their counterparts who were seen in general dental practice; these parameters influenced the results when these conditions were taken into account.
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| 2. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Lingual microbiota profiles of patients with geographic tongue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Microbiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-2297. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographic tongue (GT) is an oral mucosal lesion that affects the tongue. The association between GT and the bacterial colonization profiles of the tongue is not clear. Lingual swabs were collected from lesion sites and healthy sites of 35 patients with GT (19 males and 16 females; M-age = 54.3 +/- 16.1 years) and 22 controls (12 males and 10 females; M-age = 56.3 +/- 15.8 years). Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced by next-generation sequencing. At the phylum level, Fusobacteria were significantly less abundant, while Spirochaetes were significantly more abundant in GT patients compared to controls. At the operational taxonomic units level, multivariate analysis revealed distinct clusters for the three groups based on the lingual microbiota composition. Acinetobacter and Delftia were significantly associated with GT lesion and healthy sites. However, Microbacterium, Leptospira, Methylotenera, and Lactococcus were significantly associated with GT lesion sites. Additionally, Mogibacterium and Simonsiella were significantly associated with GT healthy sites and controls. The changes in the lingual microbiota profiles of patients with GT imply a shift in the lingual bacterial ecology. However, it remains unknown if this shift is a consequence of the lesions or of factors associated with the initiation and progression of the disease.
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| 3. |
- Dafar, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary levels of interleukin-8 and growth factors are modulated in patients with geographic tongue
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oral Diseases. - : Wiley. - 1354-523X .- 1601-0825. ; 23:6, s. 757-762
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the levels of salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with geographic tongue (GT), as compared to control subjects. Methodology: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of IL-8, EGF and VEGF in whole saliva samples collected from 34 patients with GT and 38 control subjects. The patients and controls were grouped and matched according to age, gender and the presence of systemic diseases, which are factors that may influence the levels of salivary biomarkers. Results: All patients with GT displayed significantly higher levels of IL-8 than the controls (P < 0.001). The young female patients also showed reduced levels of EGF (P < 0.05) and VEGF (P < 0.05), as compared to the young male patients where no such differences were observed. Interestingly, high levels of IL-8 (P < 0.001) and VEGF (P < 0.05) were detected in the patients with GT who also suffered from hypertension. Conclusion: We consider IL-8 an inflammatory mediator, which contributes to the acute inflammatory response found in GT. EGF and VEGF also seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of GT.
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